Tariro Mutereko

See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/- A Bibliography on the Impact of Covid-19 pandemic on Small and MediumSized Enterprises Article · December 2022 CITATIONS READS 0 915 2 authors, including: Simeon Ambrose Nwone University of KwaZulu-Natal 12 PUBLICATIONS 93 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE All content following this page was uploaded by Simeon Ambrose Nwone on 20 December 2022. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. International Journal of Latest Research in Humanities and Social Science (IJLRHSS) Volume 05 - Issue 12, 2022 www.ijlrhss.com || PP. 133-174 A Bibliography on the Impact of Covid-19 pandemic on Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises Tariro Mutereko1 & Simeon Ambrose Nwone (PhD)2 1 2 Information Studies programme, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa Information Studies programme, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa. Abstract: The bibliographic study compiled reference sources on the Impacts of COVID 19 on Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs) across the globe. The paper aims to fill a crucial knowledge gap in LIS literature due to paucity of bibliographic information sources on this topic. The methodological approach involved queries on scholarly databases such as Google Scholar, Google.com, web of science, iCatalogue, African Journal Online (AJOL), Sabinet, Emerald Insight, ProQuest, Scopus, JSTOR, Science direct, SAGE, EBSCOhost, Elsevier, Taylor and Francis, and Springer link, using the UKZN library online portal. The search strategy included the formulation of phrases, keywords and terms related to the topic. Boolean operators (AND, OR, NOT) were used to combine keywords to optimize retrievals. The outcome was the compilation of 447 bibliographic reference sources to aid researchers across the world with quick and reliable bibliographic reference sources to investigate the impacts of coronavirus pandemic on small and medium enterprises. Keywords:Covid-19, small and medium-sized enterprises, pandemic Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the lives of millions of people all over the world and has had a huge impact on the global economy since it appeared in Wuhan China in December 2019 (Zhu, Wei and Niu 2020). The COVID-19 is a highly transmittable virus that passes from human to human mainly by respiratory droplets through coughing and sneezing, and damages the human respiratory system (Rothan and Byrareddy, 2020). It was declared a global pandemic by the World Health Organisation (Bhutta et al., 2020). As of December 16, 2022, there are 647,972,911 confirmed cases of COVID-19 and a death toll of6,642,832 worldwide (WHO 2022). The virus has continued to mutate into more transmissible strains from its inception with the omicron variant being the latest in the series (CDC 2021).The conditions and restrictions imposed in most countries to minimize the spread of the virus, such as social distancing, quarantine and shutting down of non-essential businesses have led to distortions in the system of supply and demand for goods and slackened many countries‘ economies. The repercussions of COVID-19 have been felt across all economic sectors and institutions including small and medium enterprises (S.M.E.s) (Hasanat et al., 2020). S.M.E.s are not only extremely important for the developing economies but also in advanced economies as well (Herr and Nettekoven 2017). S.M.E.s can be defined as a company that employs below 250 employees with a turnover not exceeding 43 million euros (OECD 2005) andplay a pivotal role in economic development through job creation and innovation. COVID-19 has not only impacted Africa but all continents. Studies (Dai, Feng and Hu 2020) show that business activities in China, the world‘s second largest economy, ground to a halt for a few months after the outburst of COVID-19 in January 2020.A survey conducted by NBER of more than 5,800 small businesses in the United States found that 43% of small firms were expected to be closed by December 2020 (Bartik et al. 2020). Small firms in hospitality, retail, personal services, entertainment, and the arts were most affected (Bartik et al. 2020). A survey conducted by Connected Commerce Council of more than 5,016 European small and medium-sized businesses carried out in NovemberDecember 2020 found that practically all S.M.E.s were affected, with an average of 20% decrease in sales and a 16% decrease in customer base (Digitally Driven, 2021), which shows that COVID-19 really had negative impacts on other regions of the globe. According to ILO (2020) unemployment rate surged to its highest level since 2017 as the pandemic continued to affect jobs. Governments throughout the world responded with support initiatives. In the United States, the largest program providing funds to small businesses is the Pay Check Protection Program (P.P.P) with a volume of $650 billion during the early stages of the pandemic (Bhutta et al. 2020). COVID-19 has put a large strain on entrepreneurs who experienced unprecedented shock to their businesses (Torrès et al., 2021). Without being able to meet physically with investors and clients, some entrepreneurs had to scale down their businesses, others closed their business and solo entrepreneurs were left more isolated than before. The COVID-19 pandemic has been detrimental to the mental health of entrepreneurs. 133 | Page www.ijlrhss.com International Journal of Latest Research in Humanities and Social Science (IJLRHSS) Volume 05 - Issue 12, 2022 www.ijlrhss.com || PP. 133-174 Studies have shown that S.M.E.s are confronted with various difficulties and challenges due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, COVID-19 directly affected self-employed individuals more than employed individuals (Kritikos et al. 2020) and small businesses more than large businesses (Dua et al. 2020). The period of closure and movement prevention policies adopted by governments in many countries have greatly affected S.M.E.s, paralyzing their operations, weakening their financial positions, and exposing them to financial risk (Omar et al., 2020). S.M.E.s have suffered from a shortage of workers and production inputs because of distortions that disfigured supply chains, which negatively affected their sales (Segal and Gerstel, 2020) and their ability to fulfil their monetary obligations and pay employees‘ salaries (Robinson and Kengatharan, 2020). This problem has coincided with a decline in consumer spending because of the reduction in consumers‘ income and widespread feelings of uncertainty (Gurría, 2020). Subsequently, many S.M.E.s found themselves insufficient in dealing with the situation. Some businesses have stopped their activities and remained closed since the first months of the outbreak (Bartik et al., 2020). The aim of this paper is to provide an accessible list of alphabetically arranged sources such as books, journal articles (print or electronic), on the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on S.M.E.s globally. Paucity of bibliographic studies on the impact of COVID-19 on S.M.E.s prompted this bibliographic research. The purpose of the bibliography is to assist researchers, academics, information professionals, students and information users who seek information on how the COVID-19 impacted on the S.M.E.s globally. This compilation puts together current and relevant bibliographic literature on the subject from around the world. Methodology The methodology is concerned with the search strategies and techniques used to compile information sources that enabled the writing of this bibliography. This process involved a query on databases using the UKZN library web portal which includes Springer, Taylor and Francis, Sabinet, Emerald Insight, EBSCOhost, Science Direct, JSTOR, and Google Scholar. Boolean operators were used to combine the keywords to optimize search results. Harvard Referencing method was used to arrange the bibliographic information sources retrieved. The keywords that were used include COVID-19 and S.M.E.s., S.M.E.s country names in other cases was added to the keywords to optimize results from a particular country. Search Strategy The search strategy began with the formulation of keywords and search terms coined from the topic to query the databases. The results were further refined by the use of Boolean operators such as OR, AND and NOT, to connect the keywords to create a logical phrase formore precise retrievals. Each database works differently, so the researcher adapted different search strategies and techniques for each database. The results from each database were organized in folders according to the types of the information sources. The bibliographic sources were recorded using the author-date (Harvard) referencing style. Databases Used The under listed databases were used. Google Scholar Google Scholar is a freely usable Online search engine that provides a simple way to broadly search for scholarly literature. From one place, one can search across many disciplines and sources: Journal Articles, books, theses, and abstracts; from academic publishers, online repositories, professional societies, universities and other web sites. Google Scholar can filter search results within records according to user search preference in terms of relevance and year of publication. Google scholar also provides citations and library links. Phrase searching technique using the phrase ―impact of COVID 19 on SMEs‖ was mainly used to retrieve results for this database. Google.com The google search engine was useful for information retrieval. The search technique was phrase searching by typing in ‗impacts of COVID 19 on SMEs’ or just type in the abbreviation in full and put PDF to retrieve read only documents. Many materials were retrieved, but citing was a challenge since lots of information were not peer reviewed, Hence the researcher used few materials from this search engine. JSTOR JSTOR is a digital library that helps everyone discover and share ideas. It provides access to over 12 million Journals, books and academic sources in 75 disciplines. COVID 19 and SMEs were the search terms 134 | Page www.ijlrhss.com International Journal of Latest Research in Humanities and Social Science (IJLRHSS) Volume 05 - Issue 12, 2022 www.ijlrhss.com || PP. 133-174 used to retrieve information from JSTOR. Relevant results were fetched and it gave an option to download, export and save. iCatalogue iCatalogue is a one stop tool used to identify available resources in or through the UKZN Library. It includes print and online books, theses, journals, journal articles, maps, audiovisual materials and many more. When searching in any database the researcher alternated the search terms viz: impact of covid 19 on Small and Medium Sized Enterprises; SMEs AND COVID 19.The database enabled the researcher to view eBooks and print books and also shows the library with the resource. One advantage ofiCatalogue was that it showed suggested suggestions which saved the time of the researcher. ProQuest and EBSCOhost ProQuest is a collection of databases that provide access to a lot of newspapers, dissertations, journals, magazines, e-books and other publications. EBSCOhost is an online research platform used by thousands of institutions and millions of users worldwide. It has quality databases and search features. Search on these databases was user-friendly and Boolean operator AND was used in between the keywords and a lot of information were retrieved. Sabinet Sabinet database is South African Information Network that give access to a wide range of databases mostly reference to other databases. The search strategy contained all key search terms. Information on the topic related to South Africa and internationally were retrieved from this database. Not much information related to this topic was retrieved. SCOPUS Scopus is one of the largest Citations and Abstracts database of peer-reviewed literature which includes scientific journals, books and conference proceedings. This database retrieved useful information to compile this bibliography. Although it produced only few sources that were relevant to the subject. It was user friendly; it gives an option to export the citation, download, print, email the articles. Springer link Springer Link is an integrated full text database for ebooks, journal articles, and other materials published by Springer. It is a major publisher of journals and scientific books. This database retrieved a few sources relevant to the subject, since it focusses more on scientific documents, it was not of much help to the researcher. Web of Science A search was conducted in this source using the key words COVID 19 and SMEs and quite a number of sources were retrieved. Wiley Online Collection Wiley Online Library is a popular subscription-based library of John Wiley and Sons that replaced Wiley Inter Science. It is a collection of online resources encompassing health, life, and physical sciences as well as social science and the humanities. The search was done and the compiler retrieved useful results. Taylor and Francis It contains millions of quality, peer-reviewed journal articles published under the Taylor & Francis and Routledge imprints. The search on this database did not retrieve a lot of information, phrase search was then used repeatedly changing keywords and when phrasing differently a lot appeared. Arrangement of Entries The bibliographic entries will be divided into different sections for example books, journal articles, theses, conference papers and internet sources. If the entries are present online, the URL (Uniform Resource Locator), the date and the source accessed will be added. All databases that produced the source will be indicated. The sources used in the compilation of this bibliography will be entered using the Harvard referencing style (author-date format). All entries will be arranged alphabetically and where the author is not mentioned, the title of the source will be used. 135 | Page www.ijlrhss.com International Journal of Latest Research in Humanities and Social Science (IJLRHSS) Volume 05 - Issue 12, 2022 www.ijlrhss.com || PP. 133-174 Layout/Style of Entries The following is the Harvard referencing method guiding how entries will be listed in the bibliography. Books by one or more authors Surname(s), Initial(s). Date. Title: additional title information. Place of publication: Publisher. (The names the authors are separated by a comma and those of the penultimate and last authors by the word ―and‖.) Here are the examples: Books by editors Surname(s), Initial(s) (ed) or (eds.) Date. Title: additional title information. Place of Publication: Publisher.(ed.) for one editor and (eds.) for more than one editor. Journal articles by one or more authors Surname(s), Initial(s). Year of publication. Title of article. Name of journal volume or issue number (part number or month): inclusive page numbers. URL and date accessed for a journal article consulted online Theses and dissertations Surname, Initial(s). Year of publication. Title: additional title information. Description of work. Location of university: Name of university. Papers, speeches and posters presented at conferences Surname(s), Initial(s). Year. Title: additional title information. Details of occasion at which the paper, speech, or poster was given. Conclusion In conclusion, the COVID-19 pandemic is one of the most devastating diseases in the history of mankind with huge impacts on the global economy. This bibliography on the impact of Covid-19 on SMEs has provided reliable sources of information on all dimensions. Researchers and information seekers will benefit from this compilation as a contemporary source of bibliographic information around the impacts of Covid-19 on small and medium sized enterprises across the globe. List of work cited [1]. Bartik, A. W., Bertrand, M., Cullen, Z. B., Glaeser, E. L., Luca, M. and Stanton, C. T. 2020. The impact of COVID-19 on small business outcomes and expectations. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,117( 30):- [2]. Bhutta, Z.A., Basnyat ,B., Saha ,S.and Laxminarayan, R. 2020. Covid-19 risks and response in South Asia. Available: https://www.bmj.com/content/bmj/368/bmj.m1190.full.pdf[Accessed April 15 2020]. [3]. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) 2021. Omicron Variant. Available: https://www.cdc.gov/ Accessed 22 December 2021. [4]. Digitally Driven .2021. European Small businesses find a digital safety net during Covid-19. Report. Connected Commerce. 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Small business trends: Impact of COVID-19 on small businesses – where is it worst?Chatham: Newstex. Available: https://ukzn.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/blogs-podcasts-websites/small-businesstrends-impact-covid-19-on/docview/-/se-2?accountid=158225. [Accessed 2 November] Source: ProQuest Salau, G. 2020. Sanwo-olu pledges special support for small businesses amid COVID-19 impact. The Guardian. Available: https://ukzn.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/newspapers/sanwoolu-pledges-special-support-small/docview/-/se-2?accountid=158225 [Accessed 2 November] Source: ProQuest Schmitt, J. 2021. When Rona Chang saw the impact that covid-19 had on fellow small businesses, she literally took to the street [derived headline]. Tribune - Review / Pittsburgh Tribune – Review. Available: https://ukzn.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/newspapers/when-rona-chang-sawimpact-that-covid-19-had-on/docview/-/se-2?accountid=158225 [Accessed 2 November] Source: ProQuest Seward, J. 2020. Chamber of commerce weighs in on COVID-19 impact on small businesses. The 40 Mile County Commentator. Available: https://ukzn.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/newspapers/chamber-commerce-weighson-covid-19-impact-small/docview/-/se-2?accountid=158225[Accessed 2 November] Source: ProQuest Simon, R. 2020. Covid-19 Shuttered More Than 1 Million Small Businesses. Here Is How Five Survived. Wall Street Journal. Available at: https://search-ebscohostcom.ukzn.idm.oclc.org/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=-&site=ehost-live&scope=site (Accessed: 1 November 2021) Source: EBSCOhost SMALL BUSINESS PANEL DISCUSSES COVID-19 IMPACT, MARKET RESEARCH.2020. US Fed News Service, Including US State News, 31 July. Available:https://ukzn.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/newspapers/small-businesspanel-discusses-covid-19-impact/docview/-/se-2?accountid=158225[Accessed 02 November 2021] Source: ProQuest Survey reveals covid-19's impact on small business, nonprofits. 2020. US Fed News Service, Including US State News, 11 June. Available:https://ukzn.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/newspapers/survey-revealscovid-19s-impact-on-small-business/docview/-/se-2?accountid=158225[Accessed 02 November 2021] Source: ProQuest Survey shows 'devastating' COVID-19 impact on small businesses.2020. New Orleans City Business. Available : https://ukzn.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/trade-journals/survey-showsdevastating-covid-19-impact-on-small/docview/-/se-2?accountid=158225. [Accessed 2 November] Source: ProQuest Tuohey, P. 2020. Some estimates on the impact of covid-19 on small business. CE Think Tank Newswire. Available: https://ukzn.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://www.proques-t.com/wire-feeds/some-estimateson-impact-covid-19-small-business/docview/-/se-2?accountid=158225. [Accessed 2 November] Source: ProQuest World: WTO report examines impact of COVID-19 pandemic on small businesses. Asia News Monitor, 05 June. . Available:https://ukzn.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://www.p-roquest.com/newspapers/world- 168 | Page www.ijlrhss.com International Journal of Latest Research in Humanities and Social Science (IJLRHSS) Volume 05 - Issue 12, 2022 www.ijlrhss.com || PP. 133-174 wto-report-examines-impact-covid-19/docview/-/se-2?accountid=158225[Accessed November 2021] Source: ProQuest 02 Magazines [390]. Anan, L., Jain, N., Mahajan, D., Maxwell, M. N. and Pandher, A. S. 2021.‗Tracking US small and medium-sized business sentiment during COVID-19: Wave 3‘, McKinsey Insights. Available: https://search-ebscohost-com.ukzn.idm.ocl-c.org/login-.aspx?-direct=true&db=bth&AN=-&site=ehost-live&scope=site. [Accessed 1 November 2021]. Source: EBSCOhost [391]. Arthur, A. E. 2020. Not Business as Usual: COVID-19, Small Businesses, and Bankruptcy. Woman Advocate, 27(1): 10–12. Available: https://search-ebscohostcom.ukzn.idm.oclc.org/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=-&site=ehost-live&scope=site. [Accessed 1 November 2021] Source: EBSCOhost [392]. Avenancio-Leon, C. and Hacamo, I. Why black and Hispanic small-business owners have been so badly hit in the pandemic recession. The Conversation U.S 23 February. Available https://ukzn.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/newspapers/why-black-hispanic-smallbusiness-owners-have/docview/-/se-2[Accessed 03 November 2021] Source: ProQuest [393]. Brewer, S. 2020. The impact of COVID-19 on small businesses, from construction to coffee. University Wire, 15 April. . Available: https://ukzn.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/wirefeeds/impact-covid-19-on-small-businesses-construction/docview/-/se2?accountid=158225[Accessed 03 November 2021] Source: ProQuest [394]. Caruso, G. R. 2020. ‗Estimating a COVID-19 Marketability Discount for Small Businesses‘, Business Valuation Update, 26(11), pp. 1–8. Available: https://search-ebscohostcom.ukzn.idm.oclc.org/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=-&site=ehost-liv-e&scope=site. [Accessed 1 November 2021] Source: EBSCOhost [395]. Dennis, A. 2021. ‗How CPAs helped save businesses during COVID-19: During the coronavirus pandemic, CPAs put their advisory skills to work helping clients reimagine their small businesses. Journal of Accountancy. Available: https://search-ebscohostcom.ukzn.idm.oclc.org/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=-&site=ehost-live&scope=site. [Accessed 1 November 2021] Source: EBSCOhost [396]. Dua, A, Ellingrud, K, Mahajan, D andSilberg, J .2020. ‗Which small businesses are most vulnerable to COVID-19--and when‘, McKinsey Insights. Available: https://search-ebscohostcom.ukzn.idm.oclc.org/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=-&si-te-=ehostlive&scope=site. [Accessed 1 November 2021] Source: EBSCOhost [397]. Gannon, J. Gov. wolf seeks federal loans for state's small businesses hurt by COVID-19 impact. TCA Regional News, 18 March.Available: https://ukzn.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/wire-feeds/gov-wolf-seeks-federal-loansstates-small/docview/-/se-2?accountid=158225. [Accessed 04 November 2021] Source: ProQuest [398]. Gregory, A. 2020. ‗Capza raises €450m to back SMEs during Covid-19. Global Capital Available: https://search-ebscohost-com.ukzn.idm.oclc.org/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=-&site=ehost-live&scope=site. [Accessed 1 November 2021] Source: EBSCOhost [399]. How to really help small business through COVID-19. 2020.Banking Strategies Daily, p. N.PAG. Available: https://search-ebscohost-com.ukzn.idm.oclc.org/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=-&site=ehost-live&scope=site. [Accessed 1 November 2021] Source: EBSCOhost [400]. Hissing, B. W. 2020. ‗Small Business Bankruptcies and the Impact of Coronavirus/Covid-19. Commercial Law World, 34(3): 34–36. Available at: https://search-ebscohost-com.- 169 | Page www.ijlrhss.com International Journal of Latest Research in Humanities and Social Science (IJLRHSS) Volume 05 - Issue 12, 2022 www.ijlrhss.com || PP. 133-174 [401]. [402]. [403]. [404]. [405]. [406]. [407]. [408]. [409]. [410]. [411]. ukzn.idm.oclc.org/login.aspx?direct=true&db=f5h&AN=-&site=ehost-live&scope=site. [Accessed 1 November 2021] Source: EBSCOhost Kalidas, S., Magwentshu, N. and Rajagopaul, A. 2020. ‗How South African SMEs can survive and thrive post COVID-19. McKinsey Insights. Available: https://search-ebscohostcom.ukzn.idm.oclc.org/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=-&site=ehost-live&scope=site [Accessed: 1 November 2021]. Source: EBSCOhost Kowalchuk, L. 2020. The impact of COVID-19 on small business and what the chamber is doing to help. The Medicine Hat News, 29 April. Availablehttps://ukzn.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/newspapers/impact-covid-19on-small-business-what-chamber-is/docview/-/se-2?accountid=158225. [Accessed 04 November 2021] Source: ProQuest Martin, A. 2020. Small business slowdown: The impact of COVID-19 on small businesses. University Wire, 27 November. Availablehttps://ukzn.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/wirefeeds/small-business-slowdown-impact-covid-19-on/docview/-/se-2?accountid=158225. [Accessed 04 November 2021] Source: ProQuest McCabe, L. 2020.‗How SMBs are Dealing with COVID-19 Crisis‘, eWeek, p. N.PAG. Available: https://search-ebscohost-com.ukzn.idm.oclc.org/login.aspx?direct=-true&db=a9h&AN=-&site=ehost-live&scope=site. [Accessed 1 November 2021] Source: EBSCOhost Minemyer, P. 2021. ‗How COVID-19 impacted small businesses‘ health coverage. Fierce Healthcare, p. N.PAG. Available: https://search-ebscohostcom.ukzn.idm.oclc.org/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=-&site=ehost-live&scope=site. [Accessed 1 November 2021] Source: EBSCOhost Ogg, J. C. 2020. The COVID-19 recession impact on small businesses is catastrophic. Chatham: Newstex, 24 July. Available: https://ukzn.idm.oclc.org/login-?url=https:-//www.proquest.com/blogspodcasts-websites/24-7-wall-st-covid-19-recession-impact-on-small/docview/-/se2?accountid=158225 [Accessed 2 November] Source: ProQuest Patel, N. 2020. ‗Addressing COVID-19 challenges in a small business. Ebn.benefitsnews.com, p. N.PAG. Available: https://search-ebscohostcom.ukzn.idm.oclc.org/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=-&site=ehost-live&scope=site. [Accessed 1 November 2021] Source: EBSCOhost Peralta, P .2021. Small businesses are worried about the quality of their benefits offerings postCOVID. Ebn.benefitsnews.com, p. N.PAG. Available at: https://search-ebscohostcom.ukzn.idm.oclc.org/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=-&site=ehost-live&scope=site. [Accessed 1 November 2021] Source: EBSCOhost Pilon, A. 2020. Small business trends: SCORE looks at impact of COVID-19 on small business in the US. Chatham: Newstex. Available: https://ukzn.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/blogspodcasts-websites/small-business-trends-score-looks-at-impact-covid/docview/-/se2?accountid=158225. [Accessed 2 November] Source: ProQuest RASMUSSEN, P. 2021. ‗Together We Will See It Through: How some of Georgia‘s small businesses are surviving COVID-19. Georgia Trend, 36(7): 48–55. Available:https://search-ebscohostcom.ukzn.idm.oclc.org/login.aspx?direct=true&db=f5h&AN=-&site-=ehost-live&scope=site . [Accessed 1 November 2021] Source: EBSCOhost Sanderson, O. 2021. ―Covid and SMEs with Andre Hakkak, Chief Executive of White Oak Global Advisors.‖ Global Capital. Available: https://search-ebscohostcom.ukzn.idm.oclc.org/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=-&site=ehost-live&scope=site. [Accessed 28 October 2021] 170 | Page www.ijlrhss.com International Journal of Latest Research in Humanities and Social Science (IJLRHSS) Volume 05 - Issue 12, 2022 www.ijlrhss.com || PP. 133-174 Source: EBSCOhost [412]. Shea, P. 2020. ‗How Fintech‘s can help small businesses recover and grow post COVID-19. Mobile Payments Today.com, p. N.PAG. Available: https://search-ebscohostcom.ukzn.idm.oclc.org/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=-&site=ehost-live&scope=site. [Accessed 1 November 2021] Source: EBSCOhost [413]. Small businesses weigh in on COVID-19 impact (2020) .Brentwood: Newstex.. Available: https://ukzn.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/blogs-podcasts-websites/smallbusinesses-weigh-on-covid-19-impact/docview/-/se-2?accountid=158225[Accessed 03 November 2021] Source: ProQuest. [414]. ‗SMEs urged to take part in Covid-19 impact survey’ .2020. Engineer (Online Edition). Available at: https://search-ebscohostcom.ukzn.idm.oclc.org/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=-&site=ehost-live&scope=site. [Accessed 1 November 2021] Source: EBSCOhost [415]. STAMPS, K. 2021. ‗Small Business Relief During COVID-19. Lane Report, 36(2):26–31. Available: https://search-ebscohost-com.ukzn.idm.oclc.org/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=-&site=ehost-live&scope=site. [Accessed 1 November 2021] Source: EBSCOhost [416]. Walsh, J. 2020. ‗Most Small Businesses Say Covid-19 Could Sink Them, Poll Finds‘, Forbes.com, p. N.PAG. Available: https://search-ebscohostcom.ukzn.idm.oclc.org/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=-&site=ehost-live&scope=site. [Accessed 1 November 2021] Source: EBSCOhost [417]. Watson, R.2020. ‗Agencies help small businesses navigate COVID-19: Michigan SBDC, SBA will help eligible employers apply for federal Economic Injury Disaster Loans. Grand Rapids Business Journal, 38(13): 1–3. Available: https://search-ebscohostcom.ukzn.idm.oclc.org/login.aspx?direct=true&db=f5h&AN=-&site=ehost-live-&scope=site. [Accessed 1 November 2021] Source: EBSCOhost News [418]. American enterprise institute.2020. COVID-19's impact on small business - deep, sudden and lingering. Targeted News Service 04 June. Available: https://ukzn.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/wire-feeds/american-enterprise-institute-cov-id-19s-impacton/docview/-/se-2?accountid=158225. [Accessed 03 November 2021] Source: ProQuest [419]. COVID-19: Experts highlight impacts on women-owned small businesses. 2020. Naija 247 News, 25 August. Available: https://ukzn.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/newspapers/covid-19experts-highlight-impacts-on-women-owned/docview/-/se-2?accountid=158225. [Accessed 02 November 2021] Source: ProQuest [420]. Cunningham, J. 2020. Rep Cunningham meets with low country small business owners on continued impacts of COVID-19. 2020. Targeted News Service 23 October. Available: https://ukzn.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/wire-feeds/rep-cunningham-meets-withlowcountry-small/docview/-/se-2?accountid=158225 [Accessed 03 November 2021] Source: ProQuest [421]. Dludlu. J. 2020. Preparing SMEs for life after Covid-19. Business day ,17 July. Available: https://reference-sabinet-co-za.ukzn.idm.oclc.org/document/SAMBUSIN-_207 [Accessed 09 November 2021 ] Source: Sabinet [422]. Ferreira, J. and . Sousa, B 2020. In Borges, AP and Vieira, E. The impact of covid-19 on the Tourism industry: the case of SMEs in northern Portugal. Proceedings of the international conference of applied business and management (icabm2020).3rd International Conference of Applied Business and Management (ICABM). Available: https://www-webofscience-com.ukzn.idm.oclc.org/wos/woscc/fullrecord/WOS:- [Accessed 03 November 2021] Source: Web of Science 171 | Page www.ijlrhss.com International Journal of Latest Research in Humanities and Social Science (IJLRHSS) Volume 05 - Issue 12, 2022 www.ijlrhss.com || PP. 133-174 [423]. Florida chamber of commerce.2020. Survey reveals impact of COVID-19 on Florida‘s small businesses. Targeted News Service 23 October. Available:https://ukzn.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/wire-feeds/florida-chambercommerce-survey-reveals-impact/docview/-/se-2?accountid=158225 [Accessed 03 November 2021] Source: ProQuest [424]. Florida state university. 2020. survey reveals COVID-19's impact on small business, nonprofits. Targeted News Service 13 June. Available: https://u-kzn.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/wirefeeds/florida-state-university-survey-reveals-covid-19s/docview/-/se-2?accountid=158225 [Accessed 03 November 2021] Source: ProQuest [425]. 'Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on Florida’s small businesses' report issued.2020. News Service 18 November. Available https://ukzn.idm.oclc.org/login?url=-https://www.proquest.com/wirefeeds/impact-covid-19-pandemic-on-floridas-small/d-ocview/-/se-2?accountid=158225 [Accessed 03 November 2021] Source: ProQuest [426]. Kahn media, inc. 2020. State of small business report: The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. News Bites, 30 May. Available :https://ukzn.idm.oc-lc.-org/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/wirefeeds/kahn-media-inc-state-small-busines-s-report-impact/docview/-/se2?accountid=158225[Accessed 03 November 2021] Source: ProQuest [427]. Kimberley, M.2020. Lifeline to help SMEs beyond Covid-19. The herald, 2 July. Available: https://reference-sabinet-co-za.ukzn.idm.oclc.org/document/SAMHERLD-_465. [Accessed 09 November 2021 ] Source: Sabinet [428]. Kraemer-Eis, H., Botsari, A., Gvetadze, S., Lang, F. and Torfs, W. 2020. European small business finance outlook 2020: The impact of COVID-19 on SME financing markets. Federal Reserve Bank of St Louis. Available: https://ukzn.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/workingpapers/european-small-business-finance-outlook-2020/docview/-/se-2 [Accessed 04 November 2021] Source: ProQuest [429]. Kunene, L. 2020. The impact of covid-19 on small and micro businesses in SA. Cape Town.SyndiGate Media Inc. Available: https://ukzn.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/othersources/impact-covid-19-on-small-micro-businesses-sa/docview/-/se-2?accountid=158225 [Accessed 04 November 2021] Source: ProQuest [430]. Kurmann, A., Lalé, E. and Ta, L. 2021. The impact of COVID-19 on small business dynamics and employment: Real-time estimates with home base data. Federal Reserve Bank of St Louis. Available: https://ukzn.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/working-papers/impact-covid-19-onsmall-business-dynamics/docview/-/se-2. [Accessed 04 November 2021] Source: ProQuest [431]. Larsen, R.2020. Federal disaster relief available for small businesses suffering from COVID-19 impact. Targeted News Service, 18 March. Available: https://ukzn.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/wire-feeds/rep-larsen-federal-disasterrelief-available/docview/-/se-2?accountid=158225[Accessed 03 November 2021] Source: ProQuest [432]. Louw.E.2020. How SMEs can mitigate the impact of Covid-19. Daily news, 18 March. Available: https://reference-sabinet-coza.ukzn.idm.oclc.org/webx/access/samedia//2020/03/DNEWS-/DNEWS-_279.pdf. [Accessed 09 November 2021 ] Source: Sabinet [433]. Marrollo, G. 2020. The impact COVID-19 is making on small businesses. University Wire 28 April. Available : https://ukzn.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/wire-feeds/impactcovid-19-is-making-on-small-businesses/docview/2398 [Accessed 04 November 2021] Source: ProQuest [434]. Media advisory.2020. Rubio chairs hearing on COVID-19's impact on small business .Federal Information & News Dispatch, LLC. Available: https://ukzn.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/other-sources/media-advisory- 172 | Page www.ijlrhss.com International Journal of Latest Research in Humanities and Social Science (IJLRHSS) Volume 05 - Issue 12, 2022 www.ijlrhss.com || PP. 133-174 [435]. [436]. [437]. [438]. [439]. [440]. [441]. [442]. [443]. [444]. [445]. wednesday-rubio-chairs-hearing-on/docview/-/se-2?accountid=158225[Accessed 03 November 2021] Source: ProQuest New poll shows widespread small business impact from COVID-19. 2020. PR Newswire, 16 May .Available: https://ukzn.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/wire-feeds/new-poll-showswidespread-small-business-impact/docview/-/se-2?accountid=158225[Accessed 03 November 2021] Source: ProQuest Ngalonkulu, M. 2020. SMEs adapt to Covid-19. Citizen Saturday, 09 May. Available: https://referencesabinet-co-za.ukzn.idm.oclc.org/webx/access/samedia/-/2020/0-5/SCI-TI-/SCITI-_91.pdf . [Accessed 09 November 2021 ] Source: Sabinet Press release: Comscore uncovers the impact of COVID-19 on small business credit card applications. 2020. Dow Jones Institutional News, 17 September. Available: https://ukzn.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/wire-feeds/press-release-comscore-uncoversimpact-covid-19/docview/-/se-2?accountid=158225[Accessed 03 November 2021] Source: ProQuest Riple, N. (ed). 2020.ComScore uncovers the impact of COVID-19 on small business credit card applications: Year-over-year small business credit card application volume shrunk 41% in Q2 2020, but increased search activity signals renewed hope for the second half of 2020. PR Newswire 07 September. Available https://ukzn.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/wire-feeds/comscore-uncoversimpact-covid-19-on-small/docview/-/se-2?accountid=158225 [Accessed 03 November 2021] Source: ProQuest Roundup: California rushes to rescue small businesses feeling COVID-19 impact. Xinhua News Agency 17 April. Available: https://ukzn.idm.oclc.org/login-?url=-https://-www.proquest.com/wirefeeds/roundup-california-rushes-rescue-small-business-es/do-cv-ie-w/-/se2?accountid=158225 [Accessed 03 November 2021] Source: ProQuest Sen. Rubio chairs hearing on main street perspectives on COVID-19's impact on small businesses. 2020. Targeted News Service 22 June. Available: https://ukzn.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/wire-feeds/sen-rubio-chairs-hearing-onmain-street/docview/-/se-2?accountid=158225 [Accessed 03 November 2021] Source: ProQuest Senate small business committee sets hearing on COVID-19 impact on small business. 2020. Targeted News Service 29 May. Available: https://ukzn.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/wirefeeds/senate-small-business-committee-sets-hearing-on/docview/-/se-2?accountid=158225 [Accessed 03 November 2021] Source: ProQuest Shift4 payments unveils Shift4Cares.com to raise more than $200 million for small businesses and highlight economic impact of COVID-19. 2020. Food and Beverage Close – Up 31 March. Available: https://ukzn.idm.oclc.org/lo-gin?url=-https://www.proquest.com/wire-feeds/shift4-payments-unveilsshift4cares-com-raise/docview/-/se-2?accountid=158225 [Accessed 03 November 2021] Source: ProQuest Union bank releases findings from recent survey on COVID-19 impact on California small businesses. 2021. Equity Bites 04 May. Available: https://ukzn.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/wire-feeds/union-bank-releases-findingsrecent-survey-on/docview/-/se-2?accountid=158225[Accessed 03 November 2021] Source: ProQuest Wellable, N. 2020. Addressing COVID-19 challenges in a small business. Ebn.benefitsnews.com, p. N.PAG. Available: https://search-ebscohostcom.ukzn.idm.oclc.org/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=-&site=ehost-live&scope=site. [Accessed 1 November 2021] Source: EBSCOhost West. E. 2020. SMEs vulnerable in this crisis but they require development. Star, 30 April. Available: https://reference-sabinet-co-za.ukzn.idm.oclc.org/webx/a-ccess/samedia-//20-20/0-4/STARR-/STARR-_138.pdf. [Accessed 09 November 2021] Source: Sabinet 173 | Page www.ijlrhss.com International Journal of Latest Research in Humanities and Social Science (IJLRHSS) Volume 05 - Issue 12, 2022 www.ijlrhss.com || PP. 133-174 [446]. Westvig. K. 2020. Covid-19 crisis can be catalyst for SME success. Cape argus ,27 October. Available:https://reference-sabinet-co-za.ukzn.idm.oclc.org/webx/access/samedia//20-20/10/ARGUS-/ARGUS-_180.pdf. [Accessed 09 November 2021] Source: Sabinet [447]. WILLIAMS, A.2021. COVID-19 COULD BE DEADLY FOR AMERICAN SMALL BUSINESS. NEW YORKAMSTERDAM NEWS 19 MAR. 2020. 12. Available: HTTPS://SEARCH-EBSCOHOST-COM.UKZN.IDM.OCLC.ORG/LOGIN.ASPX?DIRECT=TRUE&DB-=A9H&AN=-&SITE=EHOST-LIVE&SCOPE=SITE. ACESSOEM: 21 OUT. 2021.[accessed: 24 october 2021]. Source: EBSCOhost 174 | Page View publication stats www.ijlrhss.com