Rachel Shieff

PET (Aviation English Component) WORK BOOK Table Of Contents Lesson 1 External Factors That Impact Air to Ground Communication ICAO English Proficiency Requirements Experiential Activity Case Study – Avianca Flight 52 5 5 6 Vowel sounds in aviation phraseology Forming questions in the Present, Present Perfect and Past Simple Tenses Pronunciation of /ED/ endings – verbs commonly used in aviation Pair and group activities 9 Lesson 2 Questioning Techniques and Pronunciation of regular verbs in the Past Tense 11 12 Lesson 3 Cause and Effect, Dipthongs and Prepositions of Place Dipthongs Cause and Effect Factors leading to runway incursions Runway incursion at Providence simulation Prepositions of Place Activity - Pronunciation of consonants Cluster Buster Game Possible Problems encountered during landing Sensory impressions 17 Fatigue Air Canada Mid-flight Dive Pronunciation of plural nouns and verbs in third person Comparative and Superlative presentation Airforce One 21 Pronunciation Journey 4 sided pronunciation domino activity Executive verses Commercial Aviation Listening comprehension on the growth of Business Aviation Gulfstream – G650 roleplay - Lesson 4 Landings, Pronunciation of Consonants and Sensory Impressions 18 Lesson 5 Fatigue-Comparative and Superlative Pronunciation of Plural Nouns and Third Person /S/ 22 23 Lesson 6 Contrasting Ideas Commonly Mispronounced Words PET | WORK BOOK 2 Lesson 7 Review of Present Perfect and Past Simple Sequencing Events Questions - Unusual Aviation photographs Intonation in lists Sequencing Events in the past Talking about duration of time Near Miss Over London Heathrow ATC Activity - Word Families Word Stress for vocabulary commonly used in an aviation context Damage caused by birdstrikes Saying Intentions Manchester Airport Birdstrike video news report Hudson river birdstrike animation - First Conditional Second Conditional Aviation Dilemmas Extreme Situations videos Contrastive Stress in questions and answers Intonation Directions - Handling Difficult Situations Lot Airlines Landing with no wheels North West Anchorage Incident Jetblue Incident - Rules for linking between vowel sounds Linking Maze Air Rage Disruptive passenger video Suspicious Passengers Listening Comprehension Body Language Video - Sound Linking Aviation Procedures Aviation - Global Warming Gimli Glider Fuel Icing - Lesson 8 Birdstrikes Word & Sentence Stress Lesson 9 Aviation Dilemmas Conditionals Contrastive stress Lesson 10 Failed Landing Gear Flight Deck Conversations Lesson 11 Air Rage Passive Voice and Sound Linking Lesson 12 Fuel and Expressing Expectation Sound Linking and Rapport PET | WORK BOOK 3 Lesson 13 Damage Summarizing Skills Consonant Linking Damage Summarizing – Functional English Incident Reports Airline training - Accuracy challenge The Worst Place In The World To Be a Pilot - Past Perfect 3rd Conditional Sentence completion Observing an accident scene Terrorist Attacks - Lesson 14 Making The Skies Safer + Past Perfect and 3rd Conditional Lesson 15 Consolidation of skills Real Air Traffic Control Comprehension – Unusual Situation Aviation Incident Photos Adjective match-up Parallel Universe – Conversational Practice 67 68 70 72 Revision of intonation in question forms Sentence stress and weak forms Turtles crossing the runway Radio Telephony Future of Flight - Core 4 Impressions of Pas Phrasal Verbs and Idioms ATC Communications - Lesson 16 Revision of Pronunciation and Questioning Skills Lesson 17 Perceptions Public Announcements ATC Communications Lesson 18 Mock ICAO English Test Practice PET | WORK BOOK General Questions Photo Descriptions Air Traffic Control Readback Identifying Miscommunication Video Description Comprehension of Abnormal Situations 88-90 4 Lesson 1 External Factors That Impact Air to Ground Communication ICAO ENGLISH LANGUAGE PROFICIENCY COMPONENTS INTERACTION COMPREHENSION STRUCTURE VOCABULARY FLUENCY PRONUNCIATION pronunciation structure vocabulary fluency comprehension interaction PET | WORK BOOK 5 Experiential Activity What are the challenges to communication when you try to do different tasks at the same time (also known as multi-tasking)? ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ Case Study – Avianca Flight 52 Part 1 Vocabulary low pressure system __________________________________________________________ choked situation __________________________________________________________ high landing rates __________________________________________________________ conflicts __________________________________________________________ deteriorate __________________________________________________________ inconceivable __________________________________________________________ a) What would be some challenges of flying into a low pressure system? ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ b) What would be the challenges if there were many aircraft waiting to land and depart? ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ c) Which airport in Asia would experience high landing rates? ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ d) What other problems do you think you would have in bad weather? ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ e) With your current aviation knowledge, what would be an inconceivable situation? ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ PET | WORK BOOK 6 Video Part 1 Notes __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ Questions What have air traffic controllers been nervously tracking? __________________________________________________________________________________ How does the presenter describe what the inside of the terminal building will be like? __________________________________________________________________________________ What do the Air Traffic Managers in Washington DC order the controllers in New York to do? __________________________________________________________________________________ Why can’t they use runway 13? __________________________________________________________________________________ Due to carrying the maximum fuel load, how much extra flying time does the pilot have? __________________________________________________________________________________ By early evening what is happening to the weather at New York Airport? __________________________________________________________________________________ What does the grey-haired man find inconceivable? __________________________________________________________________________________ Video Part 2 You are going to hear the following words. What do you think they are going to be associated with? Experienced _______________________________________________________________________ Familiar ___________________________________________________________________________ Congested _________________________________________________________________________ Visibility ___________________________________________________________________________ Lengthy ___________________________________________________________________________ Distracted_________________________________________________________________________ Intimidating________________________________________________________________________ Video Part 2 Notes __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ Write down the facts that have a POSITIVE or NEGATIVE impact on aviation. PET | WORK BOOK 7 POSITIVE IMPACT NEGATIVE IMPACT Video Part 3 Synonyms – Highlight the words on the right that have a similar meaning indefinite hastily steep shift slosh hand over certain, doubtful, sure, distinct, imprecise, specific quickly, fast, delayed, slowly, expeditiously gentle, mild, precipitous, rising sharply, moderate time period, movement, stint remain calm, spill, stay level surrender, hold, keep, transfer, deliver, retain Video Part 3 notes __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ Gap Fill Exercise They ____________ in the air three times. The crew seemed resigned and ____________ to complain. There was no specific mention of low fuel during the ____________ to the approach controller. The crew ____________ discussed the go-around procedure. The engines would stop if they pulled up too ____________. Lowering the landing gear would ____________ the aircraft’s drag, requiring more power and more fuel. What are your thoughts about the Avianca 52 story so far? Video Part 4 - Vocabulary PET | WORK BOOK 8 word meaning In this report it describes aggressively (adverb) contentious, threatening, combative a person’s actions violent (adjective) turbulent, intense, severe very bad weather conditions desperately (adverb) Critical, crucial, urgent an action shrouded (verb) covered the condition of a place Relay (verb) tell, pass on, transmit communication Shut down (phrasal verb) stop working, cease a mechanical problem Part 4 Predictions and notes __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ As you are watching try to listen out for the following information. 1. The Captain was concerned about the fuel state and was talking ____________________. 2. Avianca 52 finds itself flying into ____________________ windshear. 3. The captain ____________________searches for the runway, but it is ____________________ in low fog. 4. He ____________________ that they were running out of fuel. 5. The passengers can hear the sounds of the engines beginning to ____________________. LESSON 2 PET | WORK BOOK 9 Vowel Sounds, Questioning Techniques and Pronunciation of regular verbs in the Past Tense Vowel Sounds screen seat people leave week police big busy him sick sit six bit since fit huge lose boot true chute route left well any wet met test leg dead engine headset Turn First Word Further Third microburst four passport thought door taught warm much sun run cargo mask path PET | WORK BOOK mountain simulator good should would push pull put teacher answer about passenger propeller caution call caught Crash bad accident Carry Fact Hat attack box what clock man 10 does fun cut customs flood large fast sharp spark dark large salt hot lost frost oxygen Australia Vocabulary NOUN Deterioration VERB (infinitive) Deteriorate The runway deterioration was obvious due to lack of maintenance. Assumption Did the weather deteriorate as you approached the airport? Initiation Ignition Description Instruction Explanation Expectation Separation Repetition Suggestion Correction Reaction PET | WORK BOOK 11 Completion Separation Consumption Continuation Obstruction Communication confirmation cancellation distraction Picture Description expectation Explanation assumption communication Cancellation Instruction Reaction separation description initiation 1. _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ 2. _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ PET | WORK BOOK 12 3. _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ 4. _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ 5. _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ Forming Questions Present Simple CLOSED QUESTION - Do + I/we/you/they + infinitive of the verb Does + he/she/it + infinitive of the verb OPEN (what, where, when, why, who, how) + do + subject + I/we/you/they + infinitive of the verb QUESTION __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ Forming Questions Present Perfect CLOSED QUESTION - Have + I/we/you/they + past participle (ed ending for regular verbs) Has + he/she/it + past participle (ed ending for regular verbs) PET | WORK BOOK 13 OPEN (what, where, when, why, who, how) + have +I/we/you/they + past participle QUESTION (ed ending for regular verbs) __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ Forming Questions Past Simple CLOSED QUESTION - Did + I/we/you/they/he/she/it + infinitive of the verb OPEN QUESTION (what, where, when, why, who, how) + did + I/we/you/they/he/she/it + infinitive of the verb __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ What are the rules for Intonation in Questions: For closed questions (those with a yes or no answer), your intonation will ________ at the end of the question. For open questions (beginning with What, Where, When, Why, Who, How, Which), your intonation will ________ at the end of the question. Practice writing questions in the Present Perfect and Past Simple 1. _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ 2. PET | WORK BOOK 14 _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ 3. _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ 4. _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ 5. _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ Pronunciation of /ED/ Endings PET | WORK BOOK 15 repeated answered corrected reacted completed separated consumed continued obstructed Communicated confirmed cancelled landed received Called climbed crashed expected missed Suggested distracted instructed explained assumed delayed checked separated initiated described ignited /t/ /d/ /id/ Words ending in a /t/ and /d/ sound – final /ed/ are pronounced ______ Words ending in a /p//k//f//gh//sh//ch//ss//c//x/ - final /ed/ is pronounced ______ Words ending in a /l//n//r//g//v//s//z//b//m/ - final /ed/ is pronounced ______ What ED ending sound is the most challenging for me to pronounce? ____________ Now answer the questions from the last exercise to practice your pronunciation of ‘ED’. LESSON 3 Dipthongs, Cause and Effect and Prepositions of Place PET | WORK BOOK 16 near, clear, fear, hear, idea air, where, chair, there, stare poor, fewer, sure, newer tour weigh, say, pain, gain, lane, strain, gate buy, lights, life, bright, fright, night oil, avoid, voice, enjoy, deploy go, snow, hello, home, notam, nose house, cloud, how, down, cloud, tower Recognising Vowel Sounds in Common Aviation Vocabulary Write the phonetic vowel sounds under the words tower cloud plane microburst airbridge plasticuffs slide chute passport oxygen mask life jacket cockpit door low visibility More Aviation words that contain dipthongs PET | WORK BOOK 17 What is a go around? ________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ What is a runway incursion? ___________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ If you ________ your approach you _______________________ go around Cause And Effect Activity – Sentence Match Up Sentence Examples From Activity __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ Factors leading to Runway Incursions OPERATIONAL PET | WORK BOOK WEATHER LOCATION 18 Providence Rhode Island Runway Incursion Notes __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ What do you believe was the cause of the incident? __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________ What is stress? _____________________________________________________________________ How can it impact communication? _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ Prepositions of Place and Movement PET | WORK BOOK 19 Building JFK Airport Activities - Notes __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ Lesson 4 Landings, Pronunciation of Consonants and Sensory Impressions PET | WORK BOOK 20 Consonants What is a voiced consonant? ___________________________ What is an unvoiced consonant? ________________________ Syllable Match Up – Consonant Sounds – Write the common words with consonant clusters below. Cluster Buster Activity Notes LIE (3) PET | WORK BOOK EYE (3) WHOLE (2) COOL (2) THIN (2) 21 OWE (3) TEA (3) PLAN (2) LOT (2) LOW (2) POT (2) SEE (2) EACH (2) FEW (2) SAY (2) SIN (2) NECK (2) IN (3) AND (2) ABLE (2) OR (2) RAP (2) ART (3) TEAR (2) AIR (2) Landings Find the definition for the following words and write down your own definition in clear and simple language so that anybody could understand it. • Short final __________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ • Touchdown zone_____________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ • Roll-out ____________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ PET | WORK BOOK 22 • Backtrack___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ • Marker_____________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ • Bank hard___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ • Displaced threshold___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ Make a list of the problems fixed-wing aircraft could have on approach and landing at these airports. Think about: weather, terrain, obstacles, manoeuvres, runway length Courcheval ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________ St Maarten _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _________________________________________ The old Kai Tak ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ PET | WORK BOOK 23 __________________________________________________________________________________ ____ Tegucigalpa _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ Watch the videos and write down some sentences to describe the landings at these airports. Courcheval __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ St Maarten __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ The old Kai Tak __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ Tegucigalpa __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ Now write down one question to ask your classmates about each landing. Courcheval __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ St Maarten PET | WORK BOOK 24 __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ Kai Tak __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ Tegucigalpa __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ Sensory Impressions What language is used to talk about what pilots are sensing?-. Activity from Aviation English to Practice using sensing language to talk about landings. Notes __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ Watch the 2 videos and write down clear descriptions of what you saw. PET | WORK BOOK 25 Read your description out and ask your partner and other classmates to give you feedback on your language, pronunciation and fluency. JetBlue Landing __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ Barra Airport __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ LESSON 5 Fatigue, Comparative and Superlative Pronunciation of Plural Nouns and Third Person /S/ Recognising fatigue How do you think you’ll know when you are suffering from fatigue? ___________________________ PET | WORK BOOK 26 __________________________________________________________________________________ Fatigue Comprehension 1. What are you unable to do when you are physically fatigued? ________________________________________________________________________ 2. What kind of tasks are you unable to do when you are mentally fatigued? ________________________________________________________________________ 3. Why are pilots at risk of mental fatigue? ________________________________________________________________________ 4. Why do you think people are not good evaluators of their own alertness? ________________________________________________________________________ Listen to the blog article about ways to prevent fatigue and fill in the table below. Signs that indicate fatigue. How to ensure you are fit for duty A lifestyle to manage fatigue Air Canada Skydive How did the passenger describe her experience? __________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ How long was the dive?_______________________________________________________________ Why was there no warning from the cabin crew? __________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ What happened once the plane levelled out? _____________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ What did the emergency personnel have to do in Zurich? PET | WORK BOOK 27 Write the question __________________________________________________________________ Answer: She grabbed the man next to her. Write the question __________________________________________________________________ Answer: At the back of the plane. Write the question __________________________________________________________________ Answer: She hadn’t felt turbulence like that in her 20 years of service. Pronunciation of Plural Nouns and 3rd Person /s/ In English it is very important to pronounce the word endings correctly to ensure people understand you correctly. In the ICAO English test, if you forget to pronounce the word endings, your examiner may think you are using an incorrect tense. In English there are 3 different sounds for the /s/ Listen to common aviation nouns and verbs and place them under the correct heading. /s/ /z/ /iz/ If the word ends with the sounds the final s is pronounced _______ If the word ends with any other voiceless consonant, for example the final s is pronounced _______ If the word ends with the sounds the final s is pronounced _______ Chinese Checkers – Activity – Can you pronounce it right? PET | WORK BOOK 28 Comparative and Superlative I had a better passenger experience in the A380 than the 777. She flew farther than the rest. Today is the worst day I've had in a long time. This is the least expensive way of getting from Hong Kong to Sydney Airforce One What do you know about this aircraft? __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ Watch the videos and complete the questions. Video 1 How tall is Airforce One? _____________________________________________________________ PET | WORK BOOK 29 How long is it? _____________________________________________________________________ How similar to a standard 747 is it? _____________________________________________________ What do you know about the onboard defences? _________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ What does the plane become in times of crisis? ___________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ Video Part 2 Look at the following answers, watch the video and then write down the questions to match them. Question Answer They knew they were part of some kind of plot. There were unidentified individuals at the end of the runway. The plane didn’t have its transponder on. Fighters all over the Gulf were making sure the US wasn’t infiltrated. The commercial het had to land in Orlando. Video part 3 Watch part 3 of the video and write your notes below. __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ Write down 5 questions to your partner. 1. ___________________________________________________________________________ 2. ___________________________________________________________________________ 3. ___________________________________________________________________________ 4. ___________________________________________________________________________ PET | WORK BOOK 30 5. ___________________________________________________________________________ Video Part 4 Listen to the video and match the words on the left to the nouns they match with on the right. dangerous Commercial jet engines recognizable New world Troubled region Airforce one engines Frequently rebuilt Middle East erosion Aircraft Now write sentences using the pairs of words above. 1. ___________________________________________________________________________ 2. ___________________________________________________________________________ 3. ___________________________________________________________________________ 4. ___________________________________________________________________________ 5. ___________________________________________________________________________ Lesson 6 Contrasting Ideas, Commonly Mispronounced Words Pronunciation Journey – Activity The sounds I realise I need to work on from this activity are: _________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ Commonly mispronounced words from the course. Write them down and Practice, Practice, Practice PET | WORK BOOK 31 Now practice reading these words out in sentences. 4-sided dominoes Activity – The sounds I need to practice __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ Gerund or Infinitive A gerund is ________________________________________________________________________ Infinitives are ______________________________________________________________________ PET | WORK BOOK 32 It can be tricky to remember which verbs are followed by the infinitive of the verb and which are followed by the ‘gerund’, the ‘ing’ form. Try to remember that: Gerunds are often used when actions are real, fixed or completed. “I enjoy flying.” Infinitives are often used when actions are unreal, abstract or future. “He wants to be a pilot.” Pair Activity to practice Gerund and Infinitive – Write down the words in the correct sequence to form questions. Ask your partner the questions. A some enjoy what day are you doing things every? _________________________________________ talk recent made about a big you decision. ______________________________________________ something is there love you but, have time don’t for? _______________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ recently there you anything quit is have? ________________________________________________ B year what of doing you next are thinking? _____________________________________ is learn specific there you like to anything would? _________________________________________ started recently there have anything you is ? _____________________________________________ you what friends your discuss with do often? _____________________________________________ Executive Aviation Pros PET | WORK BOOK Cons 33 Commercial Aviation Pros Cons Contrasting Ideas Would you prefer to work in Commercial or Executive Aviation? Why? Why not? ….on the other hand…. Wheras….. Even though…. Both….and…. Despite the fact that….. BE AWARE OF USING GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES CORRECTLY IN YOUR PRESENTATION TOO. Example Sentence: Despite the fact that corporate pilots have more freedom, I would prefer working for a commercial airline because….. Mini Presentation on my opinions at this moment __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ PET | WORK BOOK 34 Listening Comprehension – A career in Business Aviation Notes_____________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ What 5 questions can I ask my classmates? __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ Listening Comprehension – G650-ER 1. How far can the G650-ER fly? ___________________________________________________ 2. What is the Club 4 area for? ____________________________________________________ 3. What inflight entertainment is there? ____________________________________________ 4. What do the bigger windows create? _____________________________________________ 5. How many people can comfortably eat in the dining room? ___________________________ 6. What can you do if you’ve had enough of your fellow passengers? _____________________ Notes for Group Roleplay – Focus on vocabulary, pronunciation and structure covered in the course so far. __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ PET | WORK BOOK 35 __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ LESSON 7 Review of Present Perfect and Past Simple - Sequencing Events We use the past simple for completed events or actions in the past. We use the present perfect for actions which started in the ________ and are still happening _______OR for __________ actions which have a connection to the _____________. We CAN'T use the present perfect with a finished time word: I've been to the airport yesterday PET | WORK BOOK 36 Unusual and Unexpected Situations – Practice Forming Questions and Answering Questions Picture 1 _____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ Picture 2 _____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ Picture 3 __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ Picture 4 __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ Picture 5 __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ Note down any new vocabulary and then write it in a sentence. __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ Sequencing Events Examples: I filed my flight plan, boarded the plane and went through my pre-flight check list. He arrived from the airport at 8:00, checked into the hotel at 9:00, and met the others at 10:00. Question: Did you taxi to the ramp, shut down the engines and connect the ground PET | WORK BOOK 37 power supply? Video Comprehension – Sequencing Events Video 1: __________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ Video 2: __________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ Video 3: __________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ Video 4: __________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ Video 5: __________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ What new vocabulary have I learned? __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ Intonation in Lists RULES 1. Intonation ________ on each list item. 2. Intonation ________ on the final item, so the listener knows you have come to the end of the list. Past Simple - Duration of time Using expressions like for two years, for five minutes, all day, all year, etc. Examples: PET | WORK BOOK 38 I worked as a Human Factors specialist in Brazil for two years. (no longer in Brazil) Shauna flew for Qantas for five years. (no longer flying with Qantas) They stayed in the airport until I arrived. (completed event) They did not stay at the airport the whole time. (completed event) We talked about the incident for thirty minutes. (completed event) A: How long did you wait for them? B: We waited for one hour. (Not waiting any longer) Duration of Time Practice - Notes __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ Near Miss Over London Vocabulary Reveal (verb) human error force (verb) tragedy admit (verb) Black spot PET | WORK BOOK 39 Initially (adverb) level bust didn’t pick up (phrasal verb) command Notes __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 4 stages that led to the incident 1. The control tower at London City airport __________the Cessna Citation business jet to take off. The controller __________ him to climb to 3000 feet after taking off. The Cessna pilot __________ he was climbing to 4000 feet. 2. The control tower__________ the Turkish Airlines 777 to descend to 4000 feet on approach to Heathrow. 27 seconds later the first TCAS warning __________ on the Boeing 777. 3. The control tower _________ the Cessna to descend to 3000 ft. The 777 was already climbing to 5000 feet. 4. Even though the 777 TCAS gave them two more warnings, the planes still __________ within half a mile of each other 4000 feet above the Stratford Olympic site, at a closing speed of around 700mph. Vocabulary Game – Guess the word from the definition The place an aircraft waits before being cleared for take off - _________________________________ PET | WORK BOOK 40 The heading and direction given to aircraft - ______________________________________________ Order - __________________________ The person who directs the traffic ___________________________________________ The flight plan or direction _______________________________________ The building the aircraft are directed from - ______________________________________________ When the plane is moved in reverse ready for taxi - ________________________________________ Organized and effective - ___________________________________ The building used for arrival and departure - ______________________________________________ Heathrow Air Traffic Control What did I learn? ____________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ LESSON 8 Birdstrikes, Word & Sentence Stress http://www.bbc.co.uk/learningenglish/english/course/upper-intermediate/unit-17/session-4 Rules for Word Stress Many aviation nouns and two-syllable adjectives, are stressed on the first syllable. Examples are: Safety, level, hazard, movement, wildlife, damage, engine, failure, debris Some aviation adjectives are also stressed on the first syllable. You can add to the list when you come across more words. PET | WORK BOOK 41 Cloudy, useful, cautious, over, metal, sniffer (dog) __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ Compound Words Words formed from a combination of two words tend to be stressed on the first syllable. Examples: AIRline, RAILway, AIRport RUNway, AIRspace Words having a dual role In the case of words that can be used as a noun or a verb; the noun will tend to be stressed on the first syllable (like the core vocabulary rule above) and the verb on the last syllable) Examples are: IMport(n) imPORT(verb), REbel(n) reBEL(v) and INcrease(n), inCREASE(V). Write down the words and mark the stressed syllables. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15 Complete the sentences by filling in the correct words from the previous exercise. The aircraft had to ________ to the nearest airport. PET | WORK BOOK 42 A pilot has to ____________ clearly and concisely with air traffic control When do You start to pull back and initiate _________ on takeoff? Can this device effectively ____________ an aircraft manouver? During your Ground School training you will learn how to ____________ the fuel to be carried. Birdstrikes How much damage can a birdstrike cause? Saying Intentions – Roleplay- Notes __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ Manchester Airport Birdstrike Comprehension 1. When did the birdstrike take place? ___________________________________________________ 2. How many birds were sucked into the engine? __________________________________________ 3. How many passengers were onboard? ________________________________________________ 4. What happened to the engine? ______________________________________________________ 5. What did the pilot do to land safely? __________________________________________________ 6. How long did the plane stay in the air before making a safe landing? _________________________ What famous Birdstrike do you remember from 2009? PET | WORK BOOK 43 Hudson River Ditching How would you describe the pilot’s state? ________________________________________________ Considering the circumstances, could he have behaved any other way? ________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ How could the accident have ended if the pilot had been in a different state? ___________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ Read The Guardian Article about ‘SULLY’ the movie and write down 5 questions each to ask the other members of the group. __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ Focus on grammar, sentence stress and intonation when asking the questions. LESSON 9 Aviation Dilemmas Conditionals, Contrastive stress First Conditional We use the First Conditional to talk about future events that are likely to happen and can be used with different present forms. If I fly to New York this month, I’ll visit the Statue of Liberty. PET | WORK BOOK 44 How is First Conditional Formed? Complete the table. If + he/she/it + He/She/It will + Negative Negative Activity - Further Examples of First Conditional Sentences __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ Forming Questions in the First Conditional __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ Second Conditional The Second Conditional is used to talk about 'impossible' and ‘unlikely’ situations. If we were in London today, we would be able to go to the concert in Hyde Park. (We are not in London, so we can’t go to Hyde Park) How is Second Conditional Formed? Complete the table. If + he/she/it + PET | WORK BOOK He/She/It would + 45 Negative Negative Activity - Further Examples of Second Conditional Sentences __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ Forming Questions in the Second Conditional __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ Note that the 'If clause' can contain the past simple or the past continuous. Activity to practice – Notes __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ Note that the main clause can contain 'would' 'could' or 'might Activity to practice – Notes __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ PET | WORK BOOK 46 __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ Aviation Dilemmas – Discussion Activity Aviation English Unit 11 p92 and 93 Notes: __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ Extreme Situations – Video Comprehension and Questioning Activity ‘When you know it’s time to turn the plane around’ PET | WORK BOOK 47 Notes __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 3 Questions to ask your classmates to check their understanding. __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ ‘Attempted murder at 19,000 feet’ Notes __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 3 Questions to ask your classmates to check their understanding. __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ Contrastive Stress in Questions and Answers PET | WORK BOOK 48 Abc aBc abC Jim was flying. Jim was flying. Jim was flying. She can swim. She can swim. She can swim. I don’t revise. I don’t revise. I don’t revise. Are you cold? Are you cold? Are you cold? Who told you? Who told you? Who told you? Activity – to become aware of the benefits of using contrastive stress. Notes __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ LESSON 10 Failed Landing Gear, Flight Deck Conversations Handling Difficult Situations – Further practice using the second Conditional Difficult Situation PET | WORK BOOK What would you do? 49 Failed Landing Gear – Video Comprehension Part 1 New Vocabulary Words Definition Read the questions you will have to answer after the video. Notes __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ Video Comprehension Part 2 Read the questions you will have to answer after the video. Notes PET | WORK BOOK 50 __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ Put the following words in the correct sequence and talk about your answer. 1.?/ You / Captain / if / the / were / would / what / do / you / the / after / incident __________________________________________________________________________________ 2. would / feel / you / you / if / were / the / survivors / how / of / one / ? __________________________________________________________________________________ North West Anchorage Incident – Video Video Comprehension Part 1 New Vocabulary Words Definition Take notes. You will need to prepare questions to ask your classmates about the video. Notes __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ PET | WORK BOOK 51 __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ Video Comprehension Part 2 Take notes. You will need to prepare questions to ask your classmates about the video. Notes __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ Discuss the following questions: What would you do if you were the First Officer and your Captain lost control in the Flight Deck and threatened the flight safety? __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ What do you think happened on a Jetblue flight, during cruise when this scenario became a reality? __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ Now watch the video and see if your predictions were correct. How did the events in the video differ from your predictions? __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ PET | WORK BOOK 52 Notes __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ LESSON 11 Air Rage, Passive Voice and Sound Linking Just like pieces of a puzzle, when we speak in English, words are linked together to sound so we sound fluent and natural. PET | WORK BOOK 53 Listen and notice what happens when the words link together. Try again! Two apples Four oranges When the words are pronounced separately, the /y/, /w/ and /r/ are not pronounced. The /y/, /w/ and /r/ are pronounced because the second word begins with a ____________. Mark the linking and sounds between the words. Three apples Blue eyes Area office Activity – Linking Maze Notes _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ Now, as we move on to the next topic, please be conscious of linking your consonant and vowel sounds. Air Rage Sometimes a person who is normally polite and lawabiding, goes crazy during a flight and causes a security incident. What factors do you think cause this change in behaviour? Vocabulary Word PET | WORK BOOK Definition 54 UNRULY ABANDON HYSTERICAL HARASS INTERVENE RESTRAIN AGITATED INEBRIATED Disruptive Passenger Video What did the young man do? __________________________________________________________ What happened to the young man? ____________________________________________________ subject verb The young man shouted there was a bomb on the plane. The young man is doing the action. subject verb The young man was restrained by the policeman. Who is doing the action? The policeman is doing the action and the young man is being acted upon. subject verb The young man was restrained by the policeman. The verb ‘to be’ is used in the past simple tense with the past participle of the verb. If the subject is plural, ‘were’ is used with the past participle of the verb. subject verb The young men were restrained by the policeman. PET | WORK BOOK 55 Now answer further questions to practice new vocabulary from above. Notes __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ Further Practice of using Passive Voice Change the sentences below so they focus on the actions. 1. People injure dozens of flight attendants each year in air rage incidents. ______________________________________________________________ 2. They keep plastic restraints on all flights to deal with violence onboard. ______________________________________________________________ 3. They give cabin crew training for dealing with aggressive passengers. ______________________________________________________________ 4. They used a belt to restrain the passenger. ______________________________________________________________ 5. They didn’t allow the passengers to board the flight because they were drunk. ______________________________________________________________ 6. We have diverted this flight and we’ll be landing shortly. ______________________________________________________________ 7. Police will arrest this passenger as soon as we land. ______________________________________________________________ Passive Pairwork Activity in the context of standard procedures Has airport security been called? Yes it has. It was called 5 minutes ago. Question Yes When (make up a time) Call airport security Yes it has. It was de-iced 5 minutes ago. Test for alcohol abuse PET | WORK BOOK 56 Notify the cabin crew Restrain the passenger Arrest the passenger Discussion on Air Rage and how to prevent it. Notes _____________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ Airport Security – Listening Comprehension Listen to security expert Kalle Kaub talking about a new technique for screening potentially dangerous passengers. Take notes while listening. __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ Answer the following questions: 1. What does Kalle think of technology in airport security? PET | WORK BOOK 2. Why do criminals behave differently to other passengers? 57 __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ Body Language What does the body language of these people mean? As body language forms 70% of communication, it’s important to get it right to give the right impression and make friends. While you’re watching the next video, take notes. We’ll discuss what you learned after it What did I learn about body language? PET | WORK BOOK 58 LESSON 12 Fuel and Expressing Expectation Sound Linking and Rapport Sound Linking – Consonant + Vowel Link words ending in a consonant sound to words beginning in a vowel sound. Link words ending in a vowel sound to words beginning with a consonant sound. The final consonant sound in a word is linked to the beginning vowel sound of the word next to it, and the two words sound like one word. The words love her, for example, sound exactly the same as the word lover. (The /h/ is omitted in the unstressed word her.) Exercise 1 Read and practice. 1. They look alike. 2. He’s a student. 3. He’s an only child. PET | WORK BOOK 59 Consonant consonant + Vowel The final consonant sound in a consonant cluster is linked to the beginning vowel sound of the word next to it. Exercise 2 Read and practice. 1.He live/s in Tokyo. 2. I wor/k in Caracas. 3. differen/t ocupations It’s important to learn sound linking so you can understand people when they are speaking quickly and fluently. More Examples 'Just a moment...' is said, “Jus-ta moment...” 'Take a...' is said, “Tay-ka...” 'Line up...' is said, “Lie-nup...” 'Get away...' is said, “Geta-way...” 'Can I...' is said, “Ca-neye...” 'But I...' is said, “Bu-teye...” 'Come in...' is said, “C'min...” 'Come on...' is said, "C'mon..." Practice Exercise Read about the Preflight checklist . Mark the sound linking. In aviation, a preflight checklist is a list of tasks that should be performed by pilots and aircrew prior to takeoff.Write down what you usually do in the evening when you get home. Mark the linking. Read about the Preflight checklist . Mark the sound linking. While it removes ice and snow, deicing fluid has a limited ability to prevent further ice from forming. PET | WORK BOOK 60 Write down why you are taking this course. Mark the linking. __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ Global Warming and Aviation In common Disappear Roughly Change Running a fever Alike Vast majority More or less Prediction a gas that contributes to the greenhouse effect by absorbing infrared radiation Critical data Real life observation Fluctuate Vanish Greenhouse gas Getting hot Good guess Most of Very important Evidence on earth Watch the video and take notes on the following topics. The sun’s energy Solar Cycle Bright planet Greenhouse Gas The Future PET | WORK BOOK 61 Now write down one question on each topic to ask your classmates. The sun’s energy ____________________________________________________________________ Solar Cycle _________________________________________________________________________ Bright planet_______________________________________________________________________ Greenhouse Gas ____________________________________________________________________ The Future _________________________________________________________________________ What can we do about…..? Noise Pollution _____________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ Dealing with airport waste ____________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ Water pollution from de-icing _________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ Destruction of landscape and wildlife habitats by new airport building _________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ FUEL Discuss your ideas What can the following people or organizations do to maximize fuel efficiency in aviation? Pilots Air Traffic Controllers Aircraft Designers Airlines The Gimli Glider Listen to the Radio Report and choose the best headline. PET | WORK BOOK 62 “Boeing 767 Makes Emergency Landing After Hole In Fuel Tank” “Canadian Flight Diverted For Refueling” “Canadian Airforce Tests Boeing 767’s Gliding Potential” “Silent Flight Crash Lands At Sporting Event” Watch the video – notes __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ Discuss what you saw. Fuel – Icing – Expressing Expectation Complete the exercises on the handout and put any notes you’d like to keep, here. __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ PET | WORK BOOK 63 __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ Watch the video to learn a life skill to help you build relationships and get your dream job. RAPPORT – Making a good connection with someone, so you feel comfortable __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ Tell someone you care about what you learned. LESSON 13 Damage Summarizing Skills, Consonant Linking Decide which of the following damage could happen to: • A windshield (W) • Fuselage Skin (F) • Landing gear (L) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Buckled Corroded Cracked Dented Punctured Shattered PET | WORK BOOK _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ 64 7. 8. 9. 10. Smashed Torn Torn off Twisted _____ _____ _____ _____ Listen to the conversation. Audio 29 and 30 1. Where are the speakers? ______________________________________ 2. What are they talking about?___________________________________ Listen again and tick the types of damage that are mentioned.  Cracked windshield  Spoiler torn away  Torn fuselage  Cargo door blown out  Corrosion  Metal fatigue  Buckled tailplane  Dented leading edges  Smashed instrument panel Circle the correct answer 1. What does the trainer think about the tiny crack incident? a) They could have continued their flight b) The best thing to do was to wait for the windshield to be replaced. 2. Why did the rear cargo door blow off the DC-10 a) The lock on the door wasn’t working properly b) The door hadn’t been closed properly 3. What happened to the Boeing 737 on landing? a) The nose gear worked correctly. b) The nose gear buckled and caused more damage. 4. What happened when the Boeing 767 was damaged by a flock of birds? a) The crew landed the plane. b) The Captain was injured. 5. What does the trainer say about the efficiency of cabin simulators? a) A cabin simulator is ideal for practicing emergency situations. b) A cabin simulator is not really the same as a real emergency situation. Summarizing PET | WORK BOOK 65 Listen to the first part of the workshop and choose the best summary of the Boeing 737 incident. Audio 29 A) There was a sudden depressurization problem and a member of the cabin crew was killed B) Metal fatigue can cause severe damage, causing danger of explosive decompression. C) A section of fuselage was torn from a Boeing 737 due to corrosion and metal fatigue, causing rapid decompression. One person died in the incident, but the crew landed safely. D) When a large section of fuselage is lost, the cabin pressurizes immediately, and passengers and crew may be sucked from the aircraft. E) A Boeing 737 lost 35M squared of fuselage. It lost all electrics, communication lines and power supply. The airframe buckled and the nose dropped down. Fortunately the landing gear worked correctly. F) In April 1998, a large section of upper fuselage tore away from a Boeing 737. One member of the cabin crew was sucked from the aircraft and died. G) A section of fuselage was torn away, but the plane landed safely. Now listen again to the rest of the extract. Make notes on the incident described. __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ Write a summary of the incident – Compare it with your classmates. __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ Incident Report Read the incident report and write a summary of it below. Give it a title. Remember to write clearly and concisely, the same way as you should speak. Title___________________________________________ Summary __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ Airline Training PET | WORK BOOK 66 How do you pay for training if you are not sponsored by an airline? What are your career prospects after graduating? Where do you think some British pilots choose to start their aviation career? Video – The worst place in the world to be a pilot While you are watching, take notes on why they chose to take a job half way around the world. __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ What are the challenges you think they’re going to face? __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ Pre-watching vocabulary – in the context of Susi Air – Use Google if you don’t know the definition. Life line Adrenaline Junkies High Stakes Deep down PET | WORK BOOK 67 brought it home Free spirit Watch the video and see if your definitions are correct. Take notes while watching part 3. __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ Now write the questions to match these answers. Question Answer Guy is mentoring 28 year old Stiopan. Their passengers are often unprepared for the experience. Guy had to hand control over to Stiopan. It’s a real concern when a passenger’s agitated. If he lost control, he could assault one of them. They decided to return to Biak and offload the passenger. Guy had called ahead so airport security would know what to expect. For the next video clip take notes. You will have to write 5 questions to ask your classmates. Focus on the grammar you would like to practice. Notes: ____________________________________________________________________________ PET | WORK BOOK 68 __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ Questions to ask my classmates: __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ LESSON 14 Making The Skies Safer + Past Perfect and 3rd Conditional The Past Prefect and 3rd Conditional is not required to reach ICAO level 4, but if you aspire to be a level 5 or 6, here is an introduction to the tenses and an opportunity to practice. Past Perfect Subject + had + past participle • • I had never seen such a beautiful beach before I went to Kauai. I did not have any money because I had lost my wallet. Now complete the sentences She _____ never __________ (fly) on an A380. PET | WORK BOOK 69 They _______ not _____________ (experience) an emergency at the airport. We _______ _________ (see) him earlier in the evening. The plane ______ ________ (be) repaired. The airport workers ____ ____________(clean) up the debris by the end of the evening. 3RD Conditional We make the third conditional by using the past perfect after 'if' and then 'would have' and the past participle in the second part of the sentence: if + past perfect, ...would + have + past participle It talks about the past. It's used to describe a situation that didn't happen, and to imagine the result of this situation. • • • If she had studied, she would have passed the exam (but, really we know she didn't study and so she didn't pass) If I hadn't eaten so much, I wouldn't have felt sick (but I did eat a lot, and so I did feel sick). If we had taken a taxi, we wouldn't have missed the plane Sentence completion Take a card and complete the sentence using the third Conditional. Notes __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ Question Forms in Third Conditional – Activity Write the questions here. __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ PET | WORK BOOK 70 __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ Practice Exercise – Write questions to challenge yourself. __________________________ __________________________ __________________________ __________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ PET | WORK BOOK 71 ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ______________________________ ______________________________ ______________________________ ______________________________ Making the skies safer Pre-video watching questions If you heard someone say “Everything must go like clockwork”, what could it mean? __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ What does ‘to outwit someone’ mean? __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ What kind of person would ‘forge’ a document? PET | WORK BOOK 72 __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ What do you think you are going to see in the video based on the questions above? Video notes __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ Why was it important that everything went like clockwork? __________________________________________________________________________________ Who did the terrorist have to outwit and why? __________________________________________________________________________________ What did the terrorist have to forge? __________________________________________________________________________________ How do you think he would be able to leave the Philippines? __________________________________________________________________________________ Video Part 2 – Listen out for the following information • Number of passengers • Reason for the delay in departure • Time cleared for take off • Seat previously occupied by the bomber Notes_____________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ How many passengers boarded the plane in Cebu? ________________________________________ Why was the departure delayed, and for how long? ________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ What time were they cleared for take off? _______________________________________________ PET | WORK BOOK 73 Which seat was previously occupied by the bomber?_______________________________________ If you were onboard the plane when the bomb went off, what would you be thinking? What would be going through your head? __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ Video Part 3 Notes_____________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ Write down 3 questions to ask your classmates. __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ Lesson 15 Consolidation of Skills Real Air Traffic Control Comprehension – Unusual Situation Vocabulary you will hear in the video Words Hold short Settle my nerves Reading (in the context of an earthquake) Carry out Resume Pose a threat Meaning 1. What was the reading of the earthquake? ____________ 2. Why do the aircraft have to hold short of the runway? _______________________________ 3. Do you think earthquakes pose a threat to aircraft? Why? _____________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ Aviation Incidents – Listen to the questions and write them down. Also write your answer. Question1: ____________________________________ ______________________________________________ Answer: ____________________________________ ______________________________________________ PET | WORK BOOK 74 Question2: ____________________________________ ______________________________________________ Answer: ____________________________________ ______________________________________________ Question1: ____________________________________ ______________________________________________ Answer: ____________________________________ ______________________________________________ Question2: ____________________________________ ______________________________________________ Answer: ____________________________________ ______________________________________________ Question1: ____________________________________ ______________________________________________ Answer: ____________________________________ ______________________________________________ Question2: ____________________________________ ______________________________________________ Answer: ____________________________________ ______________________________________________ Question1: ____________________________________ ______________________________________________ Answer: ____________________________________ ______________________________________________ Question2: ____________________________________ ______________________________________________ Answer: ____________________________________ Question1:____________________________________ ___________________________________________ Answer: ____________________________________ ____________________________________________ Question2:____________________________________ ___________________________________________ Answer: ____________________________________ PET | WORK BOOK 75 Write down questions and answers for the following photos. Question1:__________________________________ ___________________________________________ Answer: ____________________________________ ___________________________________________ Question2:__________________________________ ___________________________________________ Answer: ____________________________________ ___________________________________________ Question1:___________________________________ __________________________________________ Answer: ____________________________________ ___________________________________________ Question2:__________________________________ ___________________________________________ Answer: ____________________________________ __________________________________________ Question1:___________________________________ __________________________________________ Answer: ____________________________________ ___________________________________________ Question2:__________________________________ ___________________________________________ Answer: ____________________________________ ___________________________________________ Question1:________________________________ _________________________________________ Answer:___________________________________ _________________________________________ Question2:________________________________ _________________________________________ Answer:___________________________________ PET | WORK BOOK 76 _________________________________________ Question1:_________________________________ __________________________________________ Answer:____________________________________ __________________________________________ Question2:_________________________________ __________________________________________ Answer:____________________________________ __________________________________________ Adjectives – ‘ing’ and ‘ed’ endings Many adjectives are made from verbs by adding -ing or -ed: -ing adjectives The commonest -ing adjectives are: amusing annoying boring disappointing exciting interesting frightening tiring shocking surprising worrying If you say something is interesting, you mean it interests you: I read an interesting Aviation Investigation report today. If you say something is ‘frightening’, it frightens you. -ed adjectives The commonest -ed adjectives are: annoyed bored closed delighted disappointed excited frightened tired worried PET | WORK BOOK 77 If something bores you, you can say you feel bored. We had nothing to do. We were really bored. If something worries you, you can say you are worried. ‘ed’ and ‘ing’ adjectives sometimes used to talk about Aviation Situations The bold letters are the stressed syllables. ‘ed’ ‘ing’ Damaged Distracting Grounded Interesting Interested Distracting Delayed Distressing inconvenienced Frustrating distracted Exhausting distressed Confusing frustrated tiring exhausted confused satisfied tired Using adjectives in an Aviation Context – Notes __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ PET | WORK BOOK 78 __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ Parallel Universe – Conversational Practice If I hadn’t gone to the party, I wouldn’t have met my girlfriend. (past result) Maybe we wouldn’t be together now. (present result) If I hadn’t studied drama, I probably would have studied literature. If I had studied business, I would have got a job in an insurance company I could have If + had/n’t + past participle + would / could + have + past participle. Conversational questions What did you study at school / university? What other options did you have? Explain them to your group. Do you remember the interview for your job? What would have happened if you hadn’t got it? If you have a partner how did you meet? How could things have happened differently? Think of an important exam you passed or failed in the past, how could things have happened differently? What would you have done this week if you’d had more time? Why? What would you have done last year if you’d had more money? Think of a time when someone helped you with something, what would you have done without their help? Think of a time when you helped someone, what would they have done without your help? Think of big decisions you have made in your life related to work / studying / family, how could things have happened differently? How could things be different now? PET | WORK BOOK 79 If time allows – more practice with laminated question cards. Lesson 16 Revision of Pronunciation and Questioning Skills Pronunciation of Weak Forms, Comprehension Revision of intonation in question forms How does the intonation differ between open and closed questions? Intonation ________ at the end of closed questions and ________ at the end of open questions. What questions do you think a Second or First Officer will ask during a flight? Mostly you will give and receive instructions. The questions you will ask will be to build rapport with the other pilots. What is rapport? _____________________________________________________ Here are some mixed up sentences of questions you might use. 1. do normally what you do when you flying not are ? ___________________________________________________________________________ 2. long you have been how Hong Kong living in ? ___________________________________________________________________________ 3. going you Anchorage what are do to in ? ___________________________________________________________________________ 4. did you when start career your flying ? ___________________________________________________________________________ 5. about you what do like Hong Kong in living ? ___________________________________________________________________________ 6. the challenging is what most have you flown to airport ? ___________________________________________________________________________ PET | WORK BOOK 80 7. advice you give would what pilot new a ? ___________________________________________________________________________ 8. overcome you do what do to jetlag? ___________________________________________________________________________ 9. Your own question ____________________________________________________________ 10. Your own question____________________________________________________________ Sentence stress and weak forms When speaking English fluently, certain words change their sound. It’s important for you to be able to recognize these sounds so you can comprehend questions and conversations. Listen and repeat the sentences. Write the phonetic symbol above the target words. Grammatical Category Verbs Word Example of weak form am That’s what I’m trying to say. are Where are you flying today? is Where’s he from? Where is he from? was That’s where he was trained. were That’s where the engines were built. do What do you do on your days off? does Where does he do his sim training? have The flight will have taken off by now. / They’ve gone. has The plane has gone around. / It’s gone around. had It had already departed. / They’d already departed. can I’m not sure if I can pass the line check. would What would happen if you failed? could What could you do? should What should you do to be better prepared next time? Personal PET | WORK BOOK 81 Pronouns you How do you do it? your What did your First Officer think? he What department does he work in? him How can we catch up with him? she She’s leaving for Melbourne tomorrow. her The pilot followed her instruction. us They’ll give us the revised flight plan later. them What made them so nervous? to I’ve already been to the medical office. at I think he’s at the airport. of That’s the last of the promotions for this year. for We’re away for 5 days. from She’s come all the way from Argentina. and The car is fast and furious. but The loading is full, but I remain hopeful. than He’s more senior than you. a He’s a Second Officer. an He’s an advanced entry pilot. the That’s the promotion I told you about. any Have we got any options? some There are going to be some announcements. such It’s not such a big deal really. Prepositions Conjunctions Articles Indefinite Adjectives Now check your understanding of weak forms. Video – Comprehension with no visual cues Watch the video and take notes on what you hear. Answer the questions below. Notes PET | WORK BOOK 82 __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ What is the video about? Video vocabulary Slow motion stampede Stop in their tracks Storming Heading across Turtle round-up Meaning Questions How fast do turtles move? ____________________________________________________________ Why were the turtles crossing the runway? _______________________________________________ How often is the event seen at JFK? _____________________________________________________ How many turtles were on the runway? _________________________________________________ Why were there delays at the airport? ___________________________________________________ What did Jetblue say in a statement? ____________________________________________________ Now watch the video. Future of Flight Notes __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ PET | WORK BOOK 83 __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ Radio Telephony Transmission of Numbers Number Pronunciation 0 Zero 1 Wun 2 two 3 tree 4 fower 5 Fife 6 Six 7 Seven 8 eight 9 niner . decimal dayseemal (Some Americans read it as ‘point’) hundred Hundred thousand tousand Letters Pronunciation A Alpha B Bravo C Charlie D Delta E Echo PET | WORK BOOK 84 F Foxtrot G Golf H Hotel I India J Juliet K Kilo L Lima M Mike N November O Oscar P Papa Q Quebec R Romeo S Sierra T Tango U Uniform V Victor W Whisky X X-ray Y Yankee Z Zulu Time PET | WORK BOOK 85 PET | WORK BOOK 86 PET | WORK BOOK 87 PET | WORK BOOK 88 Radio Telephony Comprehension Listen to the Air to Ground communications and write down what you hear. __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ Future Of Flight Discussion Exercise PET | WORK BOOK 89 You will be given a topic. Watch the video and take notes. Write down questions to ask you classmates on the given topic. Notes __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ Questions __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ LESSON 17 Perceptions, Public Announcements, ATC Unusual Communications PET | WORK BOOK 90 Core 4 What is Perception? __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ Write down the adjectives to describe the person you aspire to be. __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ From this list, what are the 4 core words or phrases you would use to describe your target perception? (The way you want people to see you). MY CORE 4 _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ Your 4 words are essentially your brand – YOUR CORE 4 Your core 4 helps you decide what to wear; what body language to use; what words to say and your tone of voice. If you know your target perception, you can focus on them and always be going in the right direction. The audience won’t remember everything you say, but it’ll remember its perception of you and how you made them feel. Creating the right perception greatly influences your success. Things to Remember when making a PA  Give relevant information  Speak clearly  Use the correct tone of voice to match your message  Stress the important words PET | WORK BOOK 91  Use intonation  Remember you are representing the airline (think about your core 4) Listen to the announcements as if you were a passenger. Discuss the impression you get of each Captain. Think about tone, appropriate language, intonation and the information being given Welcome PA _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ Flight To Singapore _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ Flight To Hong Kong – Bad Weather _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ Idioms in the Context of Aviation Listen to the ATC Communication and listen for these idioms. Write their meaning. Idiom Meaning Nice job Out of the Question The pressure is on PET | WORK BOOK 92 Another story Idiom Activity Idiom Definition Idioms in context __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ Air Traffic Control Communications Listen to the communications of unexpected situations and write down what you hear. __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ PET | WORK BOOK 93 __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ LESSON 18 ICAO ENGLISH TEST PREPARATION AND PRACTICE General Questions PET | WORK BOOK 94 __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ Photo Descriptions __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ Air Traffic Control Readback __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ Identifying Miscommunication __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ PET | WORK BOOK 95 __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ Video Description __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ Comprehension of Abnormal Situations __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ Closing Questions on the general theme of aviation __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ PET | WORK BOOK 96 __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ GOOD LUCK IN YOUR MOCK ICAO ENGLISH TEST! See more study materials to continue improving your aviation English at: https://skynolimits.com PET | WORK BOOK 97