2016
Pathology Guideline Superior University Lahore
Introduction
Pathology is the study and diagnosis of disease through examination of organs, tissues, bodily
fluids, and whole bodies (autopsies).The history of pathology can be traced to the earliest
application of the scientific method to the field of medicine, a development which occurred in
the Middle East during the Islamic Golden Age and in Western Europe during the Italian
Renaissance.
Pathology is the branch of medicine that deals with the nature of disease, especially with the
structural and functional changes caused by disease. There are two main branches of
Pathology:
Anatomic and Clinical.
Anatomical pathology:
This area of pathology involves the examination of surgical specimens removed from the body
or sometimes the examination of the whole body (autopsy) to investigate and daignose
disease. On examining a biopsy, the following aspects are considered:
Gross anatomical make up of the sample
Microscopic appearance of cells
Chemical signatures in the sample
Immunological markers present in the cells
Molecular biology of the cells, organs, tissues and sometimes whole body
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Clinical pathology:
This branch of pathology involves the laboratory analysis of body fluids (such as blood, urine or
cerebrospinal fluid) and bodily tissue for the diagnosis of disease.
Some of the main sub-specialities of clinical pathology include:
Haematology
Microbiology
Chemical Pathology
Immunology
Academic Pathology: Divided in to:
General Pathology
Special Pathology
Students will come to the pathology department during 3rd & 4th year of their course. During
this time period, they will develop an understanding of pathology, underlying clinical disease
states involving the major organ systems. Epidemiological issues will be presented and
discussed. Students will learn to recognize pathological signs and symptoms that are
considered ―red flags!! for serious diseases. Students will use problem-solving skills and
information about pathology to decide when referral to another health care provider or
alternative intervention is indicated. Students will be expected to develop the ability to
disseminate pertinent information and findings, and ascertain the appropriate steps to follow.
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Learning Outcomes
General Pathology:
General pathology is a broad and complex scientific field which seeks to understand the
mechanisms of injury to cells and tissues, as well as the body's means of responding to and
repairing injury. Areas of study include cellular adaptation to injury, Necrosis, Inflammation &
wound healing, Neoplasia, Thrombo-Embolic Disorders, Disorders of Circulation, Immunology &
Genetics. It forms the foundation of pathology and the application of this knowledge is required
to diagnose diseases
Microbiology:
This course introduces basic techniques and safety procedures in clinical microbiology.
Emphasis is placed on the morphology and identification of common pathogenic organisms,
aseptic technique, staining techniques, and usage of common media. The student should be
able to understand the General Principles of Microbiology, Pathogenesis, Treatment,
Epidemiology, prevention and Control of Organisms, Principles of Antimicrobial Action,
Organisms Causing Various Systemic Infections, & Organisms Causing Zoonosis. Upon
completion, students should be able to demonstrate theoretical comprehension in performing
and interpreting basic clinical microbiology procedures.
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Faculty
Theory
Prof.Dr.Naila Atif
Dr.Ikram-ul-haq
Professor of Pathology
Ass. Professor Histopathology
Dr.Aliya Aslam
Ass. Professor Haematology
Dr.Sadia Ikram
Dr.Ayesha Imtiaz
Ass. Professor Microbiology
Ass. Professor Histopathology
Dr.Bilal Farooq
Dr.Sehar Iqbal
Senior Demonstrator Immunology
Senior Demonstrator Histopathology
Practicals/ Tutorials/ SGD
Dr. Abdul Majeed
Dr. Gulnaz yousaf
Demonstrator
Demonstrator
Dr. Sidra Waseem
Dr. Mohammad Saqlain
Dr. Bilal Farooq
Dr. Sehar Iqbal
Demonstrator
Demonstrator
Senior Demonstrator Immunology
Senior Demonstrator Histopathology
Teaching schedule & Venue
Theory
Starting date of the session
Venue
Course coverage
No. of total lectures
Days of pathology lectures
7 Nov 2016
Lecture theatre
9 Months
128
Monday-Friday
SGD/ Practicals
Starting date of the session
Venue
Days of pathology practicals
7 Nov 2016
Pathology Department
Monday-Thursday
Tutorials
Starting date of the session
Venue
Days of pathology tutorials
7 Nov 2016
Pathology Laboratory
Monday
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Pathology Guideline Superior University Lahore
Teaching Methodology
The class will be divided in to 7 Mentor groups & 5 Small Group Discussion groups.
Mentor group will each comprising of 12-14 students.
These small groups will be named as Group A, B, C, D etc.
Each Group will come to the Department of Pathology for practicals / SGD/Tutorial (Monday –
Friday).
Mentors meeting with students will be held every month to discuss academic progress and
problems of each student individually. The mentor of the group will be same throughout
academic year and will keep the record of each student.
Course Outline
General Pathology
General Microbiology
Special Bacteriology
Parasitology
Immunology
Virology
Mycology
Course Coverage:
The course will be covered in:
Lectures
Practical/ SGD
Museum
Teaching Pattern:
Module oriented
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Modules
The course will covered in 12 modules
Module no.
Name of Module
No. of Lectures
No. Of Practicals/
SGD’s
Orientation class
01
Cell injury
08
04
02
General Microbiology
12
06
03
Inflammation,
Healing and repair
08
04
04
02
04
Special bacteriology- I
12
06
05
Haemodynamics
06
04
06
Special bacteriology- II
20
10
07
Neoplasia
08
04
08
Virology
16
08
09
Immunology
08
04
10
Parasitology
08
04
11
Human genetics
04
02
12
Mycology
04
02
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Rules & Regulations
Attendance:
Attendance must be 75% in lectures, practical tutorial and Small Group Discussions.
Monthly attendance will be sent to Chairman/Principal Office for information. No leave will
be entertained until it is approved by Chairman/ Principal.
Medical leave will be acceptable only in case if information is provided in time and
supported by documents. Medical leave for more than two days will have to be endorsed by
parents also.
There will be no repeater lectures or any other academic activity at the end of academic
session for improving attendance.
No admission will be sent to University if attendance is less than 75 %.
Internal Assessment:
Internal assessment will be based on tests and send-up examination. Tests will be
conducted on monthly basis. A total of eight tests and send-up exam will be counted for
assessment criteria as per requirement of admission for professional examination by
Superior University. A small percentage of short test result will also be added to the internal
assessment.
Students will be given assignments on regular basis which have to be mailed on the email
address of the department.-.
Single test will be held in a month and test result will be sent to the Chairman/Principal. The
date and topics of tests will be notified one week before. The monthly test will be
conducted on first Tuesday of every month.
No test will be postponed in any case and absence from test will not be acceptable in any
form. There will be no repeat test for improving internal assessment.
Rules & regulations can be modified subject to Principal’s & Chairman’s orders.
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Practical:
Practical attendance must be 75%.
All students must wear white laboratory coats while performing practical.
Practical notebooks should be complete & signed by the demonstrator incharge on the
same day otherwise that student will be marked absent.
At the end of practical, important viva questions regarding that practical will be discussed.
Small Group Discussion:
Topics of practical classes will be changed to Case Based Learning and for this comprehensive
case scenarios will be prepared. The change of basic as well as special practicals to case based
learning (CBL) will help in better understanding and teaching of the topic. Some of the topics
will be covered in practicals.
The concept behind this practice is to have more interaction with students at individual level by
teachers. The cases will be prepared and discussed thoroughly before giving it to students.
Students will be provided with case scenario along with the questions, three days before the
conduct of each SGD.
The format of SGD will be uniform for all groups. All teachers will be provided same and “only
required teaching material” for conducting SGD. It will help to have more uniformity in
teaching.
Four small groups discussion will be conducted at same time. The students in group will be
more interactive, comfortable and motivated during discussion as teachers will be friendly with
students.
The open book discussion will also be involved in that format. The feedback Performa will be
formulated for every module and students will provide feedback on each module.
Mentors Meeting
Class will be divided into seven small groups, each comprising of 12-14 students.
These small groups will be named as Group A, B, C, D etc.
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Mentors meeting with students will be held every month to discuss academic progress and
problems of each student individually. The mentor of the group will be same throughout
academic year and will keep the record of each student.
Class Room Discipline:
Entrance into Lecture Theater will be allowed up to 10 minutes after start of lecture.
No drinking or eating will be allowed in the lecture theater.
No mobile phones will be allowed in Lecture Theater or during any other academic activity.
If anybody is found busy on mobile then his/her mobile will be taken into possession by
teacher incharge and will be reported to Principal.
Rules & Regulations for Teachers Conducting SGD:
Number of students in one group will be 8-12.
Mobile phones are not allowed within the session (neither teacher nor students).
Total time allocated for one session is 90 minutes (15 minutes for self-study, 50 minutes for
interactive session (in case of one scenario) and last 10 minutes for filling up assessment
forms. In case more than one scenario is given, then time will be equally divided accordingly
for interactive session).
Teacher’s preparation must be at same level.
Same power point presentation should be used by all teachers, if required.
Ensure that the students are clear about the tasks to be carried out.
When teacher presents a question, do not answer it yourself or try to formulate it – count
to 10 silently before speaking again.
Teacher should not dominate the discussion.
There should be no interruption when one speaking.
Look around the group both when you are speaking and when a student is speaking with
the purpose of quick recognition of level of participation of individual student.
Teacher should ensure about participation of all students.
Fill the assessment forms at the end of session.
Feedback form will be filled at the end of each Module.
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Code of Conduct
The students should strictly follow the timings of lectures, practical & tutorial classes. Entry of
students in class rooms and laboratories will not be permitted after 10 minutes of scheduled
time.
Attendance & Send-up Examination:
75% attendance and 50% of internal assessment are required for appearing in professional
examination of the Superior University, Lahore. Any unfair means in internal examination will
lead to disciplinary action by Medical Education Department.
Internal Evaluation:
Internal evaluation carries 30% (15% Theory & 15% Practical) of the total marks of 2nd
professional examination. This is based on the performance of internal examination system,
assignments, presentations and student teacher communication in SGD, practical & tutorial
classes & OSPE. The students must bring college identity cards while appearing in module
evaluations and examination.
Practical Note Books & Lab Coats:
Practical note books carry 05 marks. The students will not be allowed to attend practical and
tutorial classes without lab coats.
Summative Assessment (Final Examination)
Theory:
Method
Marks
SEQ
75
MCQ
60
Internal Assessment
Practical & Viva:
(Attendance/ Monthly test/Send-up/ assignments)
15
OSPE/ Practical
80
Notebook
5
Viva (Internal & External)
50
Internal Assessment
(Send-up/ OSPE/Group Discussions/Viva)
15
Total
300
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Syllabus Outline
1.
Cell Injury
a. Define the terms necrosis, Ischemia, Hypoxia, Infarction and Gangrene, Oncosis
and Autolysis.
b. Describe the sequence of the ultra structural and biochemical changes which
occur in the cell in response to the following:
Ischemia
Immunological injury e.g. Asthma / SLE / Anaphylactic Reaction
Physical agents: e.g. Radiation
Genetic defects e.g. Thalassemia /Hemophilia
Nutritional deficiency e.g. Kwashiorkor
Infectious agents (Bacteria, Viruses, Fungi, Parasites)
Nutritional deficiency
c. Differentiate between irreversible and reversible injury
d. Describe the process of apoptosis and its significance.
e. Describe the necrosis and its types
f. Discuss exogenous and endogenous pigmentation.
g. Describe dystrophic & metastatic calcification
h. Describe metabolic disorders
2.
Lipid disorders, Steatosis of liver, Hyperlipidemia
Protein disorders
Carbohydrate disorders
Inflammation
a. Describe the role of inflammation in the defense mechanisms of the body.
b. Describe the vascular changes of acute inflammation and relate these to the
morphological and tissue effects.
c. Describe the process of Chemotaxis, Opsonization and Phagocytosis
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d. Describe the role of cellular components inflammatory exudates.
e. Differentiate between exudates and transudes.
f. List the important chemical mediators of inflammation
g. Describe the pathway of Arachidonic Acid metabolism
h. Discuss the role of products of Arachidonic acid metabolism in inflammation.
i.
Describe the mechanism for development of fever, with reference to
exogenous and endogenous pyrogens
j.
Describe chronic inflammation including Granulomas.
k. Describe Granuloma and list its type along with causes.
l.
Describe the systemic effects of acute and chronic inflammation and their possible
outcomes.
m. Describe the significance of ESR
n. Give two examples of induced hypothermia in medicine
o. Describe healing in specialized tissue.
3.
Repair and Regeneration
a. Describe the difference between repair and regeneration.
b. Describe wound healing by first and second intention.
c. Discuss the factors that influence the inflammatory reparative response.
d. Compare wound contraction with cicatrisation.
e. Describe the formation of granulation tissue.
f. Describe the complications of wound healing.
4.
Haemodynamics/ Disorders of Circulation
a. Explain the pathogenesis of thrombosis
b. Describe the possible consequences of thrombosis
c. Define and classify embolic according to their composition.
d. Describe the difference between arterial and venous emboli.
e. Define adema, ascites, hydrothorax and anasarca.
f. Describe the pathophysiology of adema with special emphasis on CHF.
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g. Describe the pathogenesis of four major types of shock (Hypovolemic,
cardiogenic, vasovagal & septic) and list their causes.
h. Describe the compensatory mechanisms involved in shock.
5.
Neoplasia
a. Define agenesis, Dysgensis, Aplasia, Hypoplasia, Hyperplasia,
Metaplasia, Dysplasia, Neoplasia, Anaplasia, atrophy and Hypertrophy.
b. Describe the cell cycle and list cell types (stable, labile, permanent)
c. Explain the mechanisms controlling cell growth
d. Describe the classification system of tumors.
e. Compare the characteristics of benign and malignant tumors, and the differences
between carcinoma and sarcoma.
f. Describe the grading and staging system of tumors.
g. Describe the biology of tumor growth.
h. Discuss the process of carcinogenesis
i.
Describe host defense against tumors.
j.
Discuss the mechanism of local and distant spread
k. Discuss the local and systemic effects of tumors.
l.
List tumor marker used in the diagnosis & amendment of cancers.
m. List common chemical, physical agents & viruses related to human
Cancer
n. Discuss the epidermology of common cancers in Pakistan
o. Describe radiation and its effects on tissues
p. Describe cancer screening.
6.
Immunology
a. Define antigen, antibody, Epitope, Hapten and adhesion molecules.
b. Differentiate between innate and acquired immunity
c. Describe structure & function of major (MHC) & Cytokines
d. Describe the mechanism of Humoral and cell Mediated immunity.
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e. Describe type-I, Type-II, Type III, and Type IV, Hypersensitivity reactions
Define Auto graft, Homograft, Allograft and Xenograft.
f. Describe Immunotolerance and Imimunoparalysis.
g. Discuss mechanism of allograft rejection and steps that can be taken to combat
rejection.
h. Classify the Immunodeficiency disorder
i.
Describe the basis of autoimmunity
j.
Describe tissue transplantation
k. Describe the pathology and pathogenesis of AIDS
l.
7.
Describe the lab diagnosis of immunological disease.
Genetics
a. List the common sex linked, autosomal recessive & dominant disorders
b. Describe and give examples of common genetic mutations
c. Describe diseases associated with consanguineous marriages
d. Describe molecular biology techniques.
8.
General Microbiology
a. Introduction to the science of microbiology
Define Communicable Endemic, Epidemic and Pandemic Disease,
Carriers, Pathogens, Opportunistics, Commensals and Colonizers.
b. Cell Structure (Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic)
c. Classification of Bacteria (Morphological/size/Staining techniques. Etc. Describe the
general characteristics & taxonomy of Micro organisms
d. Pathogenesis/ Describe the microbial mechanisms of invasion and virulence.
e. Bacterial growth & survival/ curve
f. Bacterial Genetics/metabolism
g. Normal flora
h. Describe the principles of proper collection and submission of specimens for laboratory
investigations with due precautions.
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i.
Laboratory Diagnosis in microbiology:
General principles of the serological techniques, Culture & sensitivity reports
& their microscopic reports of AFB/gram staining & their interpretation.
j.
Difference between sterilization and disinfections
Describe the methods of disinfection and sterilization, & their uses.
k. Describe universal precautions for infection control.
l.
Principles of Antimicrobial Action & Resistance.
Define the terms : Antibiotics, Selective Toxicity, Bacteriostatic and
Bactericidal, Define maximum inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum
Bactericidal concentration (MBC), Super infection and Cross sensitivity.
Explain the mode of action of various antimicrobial drug groups.
Define Bacterial resistance and list the mechanisms involved in acquiring
bacterial resistance.
Explain the mechanisms involved in transfer of Drug Resistance to Bacterial
Resistance.
9.
Pathogenesis, Epidemiology, prevention & Control of Bacterial Infection
a. Gram Positive Cocci: Staphylococci & Streptococci.
b. Gram Positive rods: Spore forming rods & Non-spore forming rods.
c. Gram negative Cocci: Neisseria species.
d. Gram negative rods:
e. Enterobacteriaceae/ Non- Enterobacteriaceae
Enteric: , E. Coli, Kiebsiella, Proteus, Salmonella, Shigella, Pseudomonas, Vibrio
cholera, Vibrio parahemolyticus, Campylobacter jejuni, Helicobacter pylori. Etc
Zoonotic: Yersinia etc.
Respiratory: Legionella, Hemophilus influenzae. Etc
f. Rickettsial diseases
g. Chlamidial diseases
h. Mycoplasma
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10.
i.
Spirochetes: Treponema pallidum.etc
j.
Mycobacterium: Typical & atypical: Mycobacterium tuberculosis, M.leprae
Pathogenesis, Epidemiology, prevention & Control of Viral Infection:
General Virology:
Definitions
Classification
Structure
Replication
Genetics
Pathogenesis
Laboratory diagnosis
Antiviral drugs
Viral vaccines
Special Virology:
DNA Viruses: Parvoviridae, Polomaviridae, Adenoviridae, Hepadnaviridae,
Herpesviridae, Poxviridae
RNA Viruses: Picornaviridae, Reoviridae, Togaviridae, Flaviviradae, Retroviridae,
Bunyaviridae, Orthomyxoviridae, Paramyxoviridae, Rhabdoviridae
11.
12.
Pathogenesis, Epidemiology, prevention & Control of Fungal Infection
Definitions/ Classification of fungi
Cutaneous mycosis
Sub-cutaneous mycosis
Systemic Mycosis
Oppurtunistic Mycosis
Anti-fungal drugs
Pathogenesis, Epidemiology, prevention & Control of Protozoa Infestation/
Helminthes Infestation
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Plasmodium Species, Giardia lambila, Entameba histolytica, Cryptosporidium, Leishmania
Species, Trichomonas vaginalis, Toxoplasma gondii, Pneumocystis carini, Ascaris lumbricoides,
Ancylostoma duodenale, Trichuris trichiura, Enterobius vermicularis, Filaria Species,
Strongoiloides stercoralis,Schistosoma species, Echinococcus Species, Taenia solium, Taenia
saginata, H.nana
13.
Organisms Causing CNS Infections
Bacteria: Streptococcus pneumoniae, Beta Hemolytic Steptococci, Neisseria meningitidis,
Hemophilus influenzae, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, E. Coli, Listeria monocytogenes
Viruses: Enterovirus, Mumps, Herpesvirus, Adenovirus
Fungus: Cryptococcus neoformans
Protozoa: Plasmodium, Toxoplasma.
14.
Organism Infecting Respiratory Tract
Bacteria: Streptococcus pneumonia, Beta Hemolytic Steptococci Group B, Diphtheria Sp,
Bordetalla Sp, Hemophilus influenzae, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Klebsiella, Legionella,
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Viruses: Herpes, Adenovirus, Measles, Influenza, Para Influenza, Rhino, RSV
Protozoa: Pneumocystis carinii
15.
Organisms Causing G.I.T. Infection
Bacteria: Clostridium difficile, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Salmonella, Shigella, Vibrio cholera,
Vibrio parahemolyticus, Campylobacter jejuni, Helicobacter pylori
Viruses: Hepatitis A, Rotavirus.
Fungus: Cryptococcus neoformans
Protozoa: Giardia lamblia, Entameba histolytica, Cryptosporidium.
16.
Organisms Causing Liver Infections
Bacteria: Streptococcus Species, Coliforms, Anaerobes
Viruses: Herpes, Hepatitis A,B,C,D,E, CMV, EBV
Protozoa: Entameba histolytica, Clostridium difficile, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Salmonella,
Shigella, Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio parahemolyticus, Campylobacter jejuni, Helicobacter pylori
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Viruses: Hepatitis A, Rotavirus
Fungus: Cryptococcus neoformans
Protozoa: Giardia lambila, Entameba histolytica, Cryptosporidium.
17.
Organisms Causing Skin Infections
Bacteria: Staphylocuccus aureus, Streptococcus Pyogenes, Actinomyces israelli, Nocardia
asteroides, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium leprae, Corynebacterium diphtheriae
Viruses: Herpes, Measles, Rubella, Chicken Pox, Molluscum contagiosum
Fungus: Candida albicans, Tinea Species
Arthropods: Sarcoptes scabiei, Pediculus Species.
Helminths: Filaria species, Storngyloides stercoralis, Schistosoma sp.
Protozoa: Leishmania species.
18.
Organism Causing Bone/Joint Infection
Bacteria: Staph aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria
gonorrhoeae, Brucella, Salmonella typhi, Strep. penumoniae, Pseudomonas sp and
Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
19.
Organisms Causing Genital Tract Infections
Bacteria: Mycoplasma urealyticum
Viruses: Pox, Herpes, Hepatitis B, HIV
Fungus: Candida albicans
Arthropods: Sarcoptes scabiei
Protozoa: Trichomonas vaginalis.
20.
Organisms Causing Zoonosis
Virus: Rabies virus
Protozoa: Toxoplasma gondii, Leishmania sp.
Helminths: Echinococcus sp.
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Pathology – Academic Calendar (3rd Year MBBS)
Time Frame for Training Activities
Total Teaching Time (Hours) (9 months)
Total Number of Lectures (50 min each)
Total Number of Practicals / SGD (1.5 hours each)
Total Number of Tutorials (1.5 hours each)
Grand Tests
300 Hours
128 (Time: 112 Hours)
72 (Time: 108 Hours)
36 (Time: 54 Hours)
8
Short Tests
Start of Academic Session
16
7th November 2016
Examinations
Send-up Examination (Tentative)
5th -7th September 2017
Annual Examination: 2nd Professional: (Tentative)
6-1
Supplementary Examination (Tentative)
27th September – 20th October 2017
6th -16th December 2017
Holidays & Vacations
Winter Vacations
Summer Vacations
24th Dec 2016 -1st Jan-t 16th July-7th August 2017
July-1
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Recommended Books & Resource Material
1. Pathological Basis of Disease by Kumar, Cotran, Robbins. 9th. Ed.
2. Medical Microbiology and Immunology by Levinson and Jawetz, 10th Ed. Mc Graw-Hill
3. Clinical Pathology Interpretations by A.H. Nagi
4. Theory and Practice of Histololgical Techniques by John D Bancroft
5. District Laboratory Practice in Tropical Countries: Monica Cheesburgh, 2nd Ed.Part I & II
6. Robins Review of pathology for MCQ.
7. Pre-test Pathology & Microbiology for MCQ.
8. Online Journals and Reading Materials through HEC Digital Library Facility.
9. E-learning material (Pathology out lines)
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Sample Papers
Azra Naheed Medical College
MBBS 3rd Year
(General Pathology)
Objective
Department of Pathology
Resource Person: Dr. Naila Atif
Name: _____________
Total Marks: 25
Obtained Marks: ________
Instructions:
1.
Resource
Person: Dr. Sidra Hasnain
Roll
No: ___________
2.
All objective questions are to be attempted on the paper and returned to the
Marks:
30 the question paper.
invigilator within specified time afterTotal
you have
received
Any cuttings orObtained
overwritingMarks:
in answering
the
objective
part will not be
________
accepted and no marks will be given even if the answer is correct.
Date: ____________
1. Granulomas of tuberculosis are differentiated from granulomas of crohn's disease by:
a. Presence of necrosis
b. Presence of caseation
c. Presence of giant cells
d. Presence of lymphocytes
e. Presence of epitheloid cells
2. A 6 year old boy presented with abdominal pain and vomiting. The pain first started in
the peri-umbilical region and then shifted to the right lower quadrant. His temperature is
102F and pulse is 110. On emergency laparotomy his appendix is removed. What will be
observed if the appendix is examined by the histopathologist?
a. Lymphocytic infiltrate
b. Necrosis
c. Neutrophilic infiltrate
d. Perforation of the appendix
e. Adhesions
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3. A 40-year-old woman has had a chronic cough with fever and weight loss for the past
month. A chest radiograph reveals multiple nodules from 1 to 4 cm in size. A sputum
sample reveals the presence of acid fast bacilli. Which of the following cells is the most
important in the development her lung lesions?
a. Macrophage
b. Fibroblast
c. Neutrophil
d. Mast cell
e. Platelet
4. A 37-year-old man has had nausea, vomiting and hematemesis. On physical examination
he has no abnormal findings. Upper GI endoscopy revealed a 1.5 cm diameter lesion in
the gastric antrum with loss of the epithelial surface. These findings are most typical for
which of the following pathologic processes?
a. Abscess
b. Serositis
c. Granuloma
d. Fibrosis
e. Ulcer
5. A 45-year-old woman has had a chronic, non-productive cough for 3 months, along with
intermittent fever. She has a chest radiograph that reveals multiple small parenchymal
nodules along with hilar and cervical lymphadenopathy. Microscopic examination of a
cervical lymph node biopsy shows granulomatous inflammation. Which of the following
chemical mediators is most important in the development of her inflammatory response?
a. Interferon gamma
b. Bradykinin
c. Complement C5a
d. Histamine
e. Prostaglandin E2
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6. A 40-year-old woman had bilateral silicone breast implants placed two years ago. Due to
complications, the implants are removed, and there is evidence for leakage of the
implant contents. Which of the following cell types is most likely to be most characteristic
of the inflammatory response in this situation?
a. Mast cell
b. Eosinophil
c. Giant cell
d. Neutrophil
e. Epithelial cell
7. The hall-mark vascular change during acute inflammation is:
a. Vasoconstriction
b. Chemotaxis
c. Increased vascular permeability
d. Margination
e. Phagocytosis
8. Rolling of leukocytes is mainly mediated by:
a. Selectins
b. Integrins
c. CD-34
d. ICAM-1
e. VCAM
9. Transcytosis is mediated through:
a. Histamine
b. VEGF
c. Thrombin
d. Serotonin
e. TNF
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10. Opsonisation is accomplished through one of the following receptors:
a. Fcϒ- receptors
b. C5 receptors
c. Toll like receptors
d. G-protien receptors
e. Ligand-gated receptors
11. Localized accumulation of pus cells is called:
a. Serous inflammation
b. Fibrinous inflammation
c. Ulceration
d. Erosion
e. Abscess formation
12. Which one of the following is the correct statement?
a. Endothelial contraction----Thromboxane A2
b. Margination----PECAM
c. H2O2-----Active microbicidal agent
d. CD-44-----Vasodilation
e. IL-8-----Chemotaxis
13. The term edema signifies which of the following?
a. Increased fluid in the interstitial space
b. Decreased fluid in the interstitial space
c. Severe and generalized subcutaneous swelling
d. Increased plasma osmotic pressure
e. Decreased hydrostatic pressure
14. Severe and generalized edema with profound subcutaneous tissue swelling is known as:
a. Hydrothorax
b. Hydroperitoneum
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c. Pneumopericardium
d. Anasarca
e. Thrombosis
15. Protein poor fluid with a specific gravity below 1.012 is known as:
a. Exudates
b. Transudate
c. Lymph
d. Blood
e. Plasma
16. An important cause of albumin loss characterized by a leaky glomerular basement
membrane and generalized edema is:
a. Nephrotic syndrome
b. Nephritic syndrome
c. Congestive heart failure
d. Hydrothorax
e. Hydroperitoneum
17. Which parasitic infection often causes massive lymphatic and lymph node fibrosis in the
inguinal region?
a. Hookworm infection
b. Filiariasis
c. Ascariasis
d. Elephantiasis
e. Malaria
18. Finger pressure over significantly edematous subcutaneous tissue displaces the
interstitial fluid and leaves a finger shaped depression:
a. Non pitting edema
b. Pitting edema
c. Hyperemia
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d. Congestion
e. Infraction
19. Which condition occur due to augmented tissue flow due to arteriolar dilatation for
example skeletal muscle during exercise or at site of inflammation:
a. Infraction
b. Hyperemia
c. Edema
d. Anasarca
e. Elephantiasis
20. Central areas are red and slightly depressed compared with the surrounding tan viable
parenchyma forming the so called:
a. Cardiac cirrhosis
b. Cynanosis
c. Nutmeg liver
d. Congestion
e. Hyperemia
21. Hemorrhage may be enclosed within a tissue ,the accumulation is referred to as:
a. Bruises
b. Ecchymosis
c. Hematoma
d. Hemorrhage
e. Purpura
22. Which of the following convert’s plasma protein fibrinogen into the insoluble fibrous
protein fibrin?
a. Thrombin
b. Prothombin
c. Fibrinogen
d. Fibronectin
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e. Epinephrine
23. Endothelial injury, stasis or turbulence of blood flow and blood hypercoagulobility form
so called:
a. Coagulation cascade
b. Extrinsic pathway
c. Intrinsic pathway
d. Virchow’s triad
e. Plasminogen plasma system
24. White or plate infarcts occur with:
a. Arterial occlusion
b. Venous occlusion
c. In tissues with dual circulation
d. When flow established to a site of previous arterial occlusion
e. In loose tissues that allow blood to collect in infracted zone
25. Cardiogenic shock is not caused by:
a. Myocardial infarction
b. Ventricular rupture
c. Arrhythmia
d. Pulmonary embolism
e. Bacterial infections
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Azra Naheed Medical College
MBBS 3rd Year
(General Pathology)
Subjective
Department of Pathology
Resource Person: Dr. Naila Atif
Name: ______________
Total Marks: 25
Obtained Marks: ________
Instructions:
1. All subjective questions are to be attempted on the paper and returned to
the invigilator within specified time
afterMarks:
you have
Resource Person: Dr. Sidra Hasnain
Total
30received the question
paper.
Obtained Marks: ________
2. Neat hand writing, and use of margins will increase the outlook and
Date: _______________
Roll No: _____________
presentation of your paper.
Attempt all Questions. Each Question carry 5 marks
1. a. Define inflammation.
(01)
b. Enumerate chemical mediators of inflammation.
(02)
c. Briefly mention the morphological patterns of acute inflammation.
(02)
2. a. Define granuloma.
(02)
b. Discuss the role of macrophage in chronic inflammation.
(03)
3. Briefly describe vascular and cellular events of inflammation.
(05)
4. Define septic shock and explain the patho-physiology of septic shock.
(05)
5. Write down the patho-physiologic categories of edema.
(05)
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Pathology Teaching Plan & Modules
3rd Year MBBS-
Mod
ule
Title
Module Coordinator /
Co-Cordinator
No. of
Lectures
(118)
SGD /
Practical
(60)
Weeks
(29)
Tentative Dates
Dr. Naila Atif / Dr. Ayesha
8
4
2
Dr. Sadia Ikram / Dr. Bilal
Dr. Ikram-ul-haq /
Dr. Naila
Dr. Ikram-ul-haq /
Dr. Naila
12
6
3
8
4
3
4
2
Dr. Sadia Ikram / Dr. Bilal
12
6
3
Dr. Aliya Aslam / Dr. Sehar
6
4
1.5
6
Haemodynamics
Special
Bacteriology II
Dr. Sadia Ikram / Dr. Bilal
20
10
5
7
Neoplasia
Dr. Naila Atif / Dr. Sehar
8
4
2
8
Virology
Dr. Bilal / Dr. Sadia Ikram
16
8
4
7 Nov-18 Nov
2016
21 Nov-9 Dec
2016
12 Dec-24 Dec
2016
2 Jan-6 Jan
2017
9 Jan-27 Jan
2017
30 Jan-8 Feb
2017
9 Feb-15 Mar
2017
16 Mar-30 Mar
2017
31 Mar-27 Apr
2017
9
Immunology
Dr. Bilal Farooq / Dr. Sadia
Ikram
8
4
2
28 Apr-12 May
2017
10
Parasitology
Dr. Ayesha Imtiaz / Dr.
Sadia Ikram
8
4
2
15May-31 May
2017
11
Genetics
Dr. Ayesha Imtiaz / Dr.
Aliya
4
2
1
1 jun-7 Jun
2017
12
Mycology
Dr. Bilal Farooq / Dr. Sadia
Ikram
4
2
1
8 Jun-14 Jun
2017
1
2
Cell Injury
General
Microbiology
3
Inflammation
4
Repair & Healing
Special
Bacteriology I
5
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Lecture Plan
Topics
Module 1: Cell Injury
Lecture 1: Cellular response to injury /
Causes of cell injury/ Reversible injury
Lecture 2: Necrosis
Lecture 3: Adaptations
Lecture 4: Apoptosis:
Lecture 5: Mechanisms of cell injury
Lecture 6: Intracellular accumulations
Lecture 7: Case scenarios
Lecture 8: Case scenarios
Module 2: General Microbiology
Lecture 1: Introduction/
Morphology of microbes/ Classification
Lecture 2: Structure & Function
of major bacterial components-I
Lectures 3: Structure & Function
of major bacterial components-II
Lecture 4: Microbial Growth
Lecture 5: Bacterial Genetics
Resource Person
Day
Weeks
Dr. Naila Atif
Dr. Naila Atif
Dr. Naila Atif
Dr. Naila Atif
Dr. Naila Atif
Dr. Naila Atif
Dr. Naila Atif
Dr. Naila Atif
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Monday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
7th Nov 2016
8th Nov 2016
9th Nov 2016
10th Nov 2016
14th Nov 2016
16th Nov 2016
17th Nov 2016
18th Nov 2016
Dr. Sadia Ikram
Monday
21st Nov 2016
Dr. Sadia Ikram
Wednesday 23rd Nov 2016
Dr. Sadia Ikram
Dr. Sadia Ikram
Thursday
Friday
24th Nov 2016
25th Nov 2016
Dr. Bilal Farooq
Monday
28th Nov 2016
Lecture 6: Normal flora & host defence
Mechanism
Dr. Bilal Farooq
Wednesday 30th Nov 2016
Lecture 7:Bacterial pathogenesis-I
Dr. Sadia Ikram
Thursday
1st Dec 2016
Lecture 8:Bacterial pathogenesis-II
Dr. Sadia Ikram
Friday
2nd Dec 2016
Dr. Bilal Farooq
Monday
5th Dec 2016
Dr. Bilal Farooq
Wednesday 7th Dec 2016
Dr. Bilal Farooq
Thursday
8th Dec 2016
Dr. Sadia Ikram
Friday
9th Dec 2016
Dr. Ikram-ul-haq
Dr. Ikram-ul-haq
Dr. Ikram-ul-haq
Dr. Ikram-ul-haq
Monday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
12th Dec 2016
14th Dec 2016
15th Dec 2016
16th Dec 2016
Lecture 9: Lab Diagnosis in
Microbiology/Serology
Lecture 10 : Mode of action &
effectiveness of antimicrobials
Lecture 11 : Mode of Resistance
of Antimicrobials
Lecture 12:
Sterilization & disinfection
Module 3: Inflammation
Lecture 1: Acute Inflammation
Lecture 2: Leukocytic Response
Lecture 3: Mediators of Inflammation
Lecture 4: Plasma Derived Mediators
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19th Dec 2016
Lecture 5: Chronic Inflammation
Lecture 6:
Morphological patterns of Inflammation
Lecture 7: Case Scenarios
Lecture 8: Case Scenarios
Healing & Repair
Lecture 1:Wound Healing, cell cycle
Dr. Ikram-ul-haq
Monday
Dr. Ikram-ul-haq
Dr. Ikram-ul-haq
Dr. Ikram-ul-haq
Wednesday 21st Dec 2016
Thursday
22nd Dec 2016
Friday
23nd Dec 2016
Dr. Ikram-ul-haq
Monday
Lecture 2: Growth factors and cytokines
Dr. Ikram-ul-haq
Wednesday 4th Jan 2017
Lecture 3: Healing by Primary Intention
Dr.Ikram-ul-haq
Thursday
5th Jan 2017
Lecture 3: Healing Secondary Intention
Dr.Ikram-ul-haq
Friday
6th Jan 2017
Dr. Sadia Ikram
Monday
9th Jan 2017
Dr. Sadia Ikram
Dr. Sadia Ikram
Dr. Sadia Ikram
Dr. Sadia Ikram
Dr. Sadia Ikram
Dr. Bilal Farooq
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
Monday
Wednesday
Thursday
11th Jan 2017
12th Jan 2017
13th Jan 2017
16th Jan 2017
18th Jan 2017
19th Jan 2017
Dr. Bilal Farooq
Friday
20th Jan 2017
Dr. Bilal Farooq
Dr. Bilal Farooq
Dr. Bilal Farooq
Dr. Bilal Farooq
Monday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
23rd Jan 2017
25th Jan 2017
26th Jan 2017
27th Jan 2017
Lecture 1: Thrombosis: Hemostasis &
thrombosis, Virchows triad
Dr. Aliya Aslam
Monday
30th Jan 2017
Lecture 2: Pathogenesis of thrombosis,
Fate of thrombosis
Dr. Aliya Aslam
Wednesday 1st Feb 2017
Module 4: Special Bacteriology-I
Lecture 1: Staphylococcus aureus
Lecture 2:
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci
Lectures 3: α-hemolytic Streptococci
Lecture 4: β-hemolytic Streptococci-I
Lecture 4: β-hemolytic Streptococci-II
Lecture 6: Enterococcus species
Lecture 7: Bacillus anthracis & B. cereus
Lecture 8: Clostridium tetani &
Clostridium botilinum
Lecture 9: Clostridium perfringens,
Clostridium difficile
Lecture 10: Listeria/ Actinomycetes
Lecture 11: C diphtheriae & species
Lecture 12: Case Scenorios
Module 5: Haemodynamics
Lecture 3: Embolism: Definitions,
classifications, Venous & Arterial thrombi Dr. Aliya Aslam
Lecture 4: Edema, Anasarca,
hydrothorax, pneumothorax,
pathogensis, CHF
Dr. Aliya Aslam
Lecture 5: Shock, causes, fate, types
Lecture 6: Shock, Pathogenesis,
Dr. Aliya Aslam
Dr. Aliya Aslam
2nd Jan 2017
Thursday
2nd Feb 2017
Friday
3rd Feb 2017
Monday
6th Feb 2017
Wednesday 8th Feb 2017
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Compensatory mechanisms of shock
Module 6: Special Bacteriology-II
Lecture 1: Neisseria meningitides
Lecture 2: Neisseria gonorrhoea
Lecture 3: Enterobacteriaceae: Lactose
fermenter: E.coli
Lecture 4: Enterobacteriaceae: LF
Klebsiella, Enterobacter
Lecture 5: Non- Enterobacteriaceae: NLF:
Salmonella, Shigella
Lecture 6: Non- Enterobacteriaceae: NLF:
Proteus, Pseudomonas
Lecture 7:Vibrio Species
Lecture 8: Campylobacter/
Helicobacter pylori
Lecture 9: Respiratory GNR I
Lecture 10: Resiratory GNR II
Lecture 11: Zoonotic GNR
Lecture 12: Mycoplasma species
Lecture 13:Chlaymadial species
Lecture 14:Rickettsial diseases
Lecture 15: Spirochetes I
Lecture 16: Spirochetes II
Lecture 17: Mycobcterium tuberculosis
Lecture 18: Mycobacterium leprae
Lecture 19:MOTT
Lecture 20: Case Scenerios
Module 7: Neoplasia
Lecture 1: Definitions, Classify tumours
characterize benign & malignant tumors
Lecture 2: Differentiate between
carcinoma and sarcoma/
Lecture 3: Common chemical, physical
agents & viruses related to human
cancer/ Effects of radiation on tissues
Lecture 4: Explain the biology of tumour
growth and process of carcinogenesis
Holiday
Lecture 5: Local/distant spread of
tumors
Lecture 6: Local/systemic effects of
Dr. Sadia Ikram
Dr. Sadia Ikram
Thursday
Friday
9th Feb 2017
10th Feb 2017
Dr. Sadia Ikram
Monday
13th Feb 2017
Dr. Sadia Ikram
Wednesday 15th Feb 2017
Dr. Sadia Ikram
Thursday
16th Feb 2017
Dr. Sadia Ikram
Dr. Sadia Ikram
Friday
Monday
17th Feb 2017
20th Feb 2017
Dr. Sadia Ikram
Dr. Bilal Farooq
Dr. Bilal Farooq
Dr. Bilal Farooq
Dr. Bilal Farooq
Dr. Bilal Farooq
Dr. Bilal Farooq
Dr. Bilal Farooq
Dr. Bilal Farooq
Dr. Sadia Ikram
Dr. Sadia Ikram
Dr. Sadia Ikram
Dr. Sadia Ikram
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
Monday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
Monday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
Monday
Wednesday
22nd Feb 2017
23rd Feb 2017
24th Feb 2017
27th Feb 2017
1st Mar 2017
2nd Mar 2017
3rd Mar 2017
6th Mar 2017
8th Mar 2017
9th Mar 2017
10th Mar 2017
13th Mar 2017
15th Mar 2017
Dr. Naila Atif
Thursday
16th Mar 2017
Dr. Naila Atif
Friday
17th Mar 2017
Dr. Naila Atif
Monday
20th Mar 2017
Dr. Naila Atif
Wednesday 22nd Mar 2017
Thursday
23th Mar 2017
Dr. Naila Atif
Friday
Monday
24th Mar 2017
27th Mar 2017
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tumours
Dr. Naila Atif
Lecture 7: Describe epidemiology of
common cancers in Pakistan
Dr. Naila Atif
Lecture 8:
Describe the grading and staging system
of tumors/ Describe methods of cancer
screening and tumour markers used in
the diagnosis and management of cancer Dr. Naila Atif
Module 8: Virology
Lecture 1: General Virology: Introduction
to Virology& Definitions
Structure
Classification of viruses: DNA & RNA
viruses
Lecture 2: Replication
Growth and genetics
Pathogenesis
Lectures 3: Laboratory Diagnosis
Antiviral drugs
Viral Vaccines
Lecture 4: DNA Virus: (enveloped)
Herpes viruses: I
(HSV1 HSV2, VZV)
Lecture 5: DNA virus: (enveloped)
Herpes viruses II: CMV,EBV, HHV6,
HHV8)
Lecture 6: DNA virus( Non-enveloped)
HPV, Adeno virus, Parvo virus
Lecture 7: RNA (enveloped viuses)
Influenza virus/ Para-influenza virus
Lecture 8: RNA (enveloped)
Measels
Mumps
Respiratory synsytial virus
Lecture 9: RNA (enveloped)
Rabies virus
Rubella virus
Lecture 10: RNA (non- enveloped):
Poliovirus/Coxsackie viruses
Lecture 11: RNA (non- enveloped):
Rotavirus,Norwalk, Adenovirus
Lecture 12: Hepatitis viruses: I
Wednesday 29th Mar 2017
Thursday
30th Mar 2017
Dr. Bilal Farooq
Friday
31st Mar 2017
Dr. Bilal Farooq
Monday
3rd Apr 2017
Dr. Bilal Farooq
Wednesday 5th Apr 2017
Dr. Bilal Farooq
Thursday
6th Apr 2017
Dr. Bilal Farooq
Friday
7th Apr 2017
Dr. Bilal Farooq
Monday
10th Apr 2017
Dr. Bilal Farooq
Wednesday 12th Apr 2107
Dr. Bilal Farooq
Thursday
13th Apr 2017
Dr. Sadia Ikram
Friday
14th Apr 2017
Dr. Sadia Ikram
Monday
17th Apr 2017
Dr. Sadia Ikram
Wednesday 19th Apr 2017
Thursday
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20th Apr 2017
21st Apr 2017
24th Apr 2017
HAV /HEV/HDV
Lecture 13 Hepatitis-II: HBV / HCV
Lecture 14: HIV
Lecture 15:
Arboviruses: Hemorrhagic viruses
Lecture 16:
Tumor viruses
Module 9: Immunulogy
Lecture 1: Overview, cells of immune
system, innate and acquired immunity
Holiday
Lecture 2: Humoral and cell mediated
Immunity, Complement system
Lectures 3: Function and structure of
antibodies & MHC
Lecture 4: Hypersensitivity reactions I
Dr. Sadia Ikram
Dr. Sadia Ikram
Dr. Bilal Farooq
Friday
Monday
Dr. Sadia Ikram
Wednesday 26th Apr 2017
Dr. Sadia Ikram
Thursday
27th Apr 2017
Dr. Bilal Farooq
Friday
Monday
28th Apr 2017
1th May 2017
Dr. Bilal Farooq
Wednesday 3rd May 2017
Dr. Bilal Farooq
Thursday
4th May 2017
Dr. Bilal Farooq
Friday
5th May 2017
Lecture 5: Hypersensitivity reactions II
Dr. Bilal Farooq
Monday
8th May 2017
Lecture 6: Autoimmunity
Dr. Bilal Farooq
Wednesday 10th May 2017
Lecture 7: Immunodeficiency
Dr. Bilal Farooq
Dr. Bilal Farooq
Thursday
Friday
11th May 2017
12th May 2017
Dr. Ayesha Imtiaz
Dr. Ayesha Imtiaz
Dr. Ayesha Imtiaz
Dr. Ayesha Imtiaz
Dr. Ayesha Imtiaz
Dr. Ayesha Imtiaz
Dr. Ayesha Imtiaz
Dr. Ayesha Imtiaz
Dr. Ayesha Imtiaz
Dr. Ayesha Imtiaz
Monday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
Monday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
Monday
Wednesday
15th May 2017
17th May 2017
18th May 2017
19th May 2017
22ndMay 2017
24th May 2017
25th May 2017
26th May 2017
29th May 2017
31st May 2017
Dr. Aliya Aslam
Dr. Aliya Aslam
Dr. Aliya Aslam
Dr. Aliya Aslam
Thursday
Friday
Monday
Wednesday
1st Jun 2017
2nd Jun 2017
5th Jun 2017
7th Jun 2017
Dr. Sadia Ikram
Dr. Sadia Ikram
Thursday
Friday
8th Jun 2017
Lecture 8: Transplantation
Module 10 : Parasitology
Lecture 1: Classification/ Definitions
Lecture 2: Protozoa-I
Lecture 3: Protozoa-II
Lecture 4: Protozoa-III
Lecture 5: Protozoa-IV
Lecture 6: Helminths-I
Lecture 7: Helminths-II
Lecture 8: Helminths-III
Lecture 9: Helminths-IV
Lecture 10: Helminths-V
Module 11: Genetics
Lecture 1: Genomic Structure
Lecture 2: Types of mutations, examples
Lecture 3: Mendalian disorders
Lecture 4: Molecular biology techniques
Module 12: Mycology
Lecture 1: Introduction, Classification:
sample/ specimen collection, Anti-fungals.
Lecture 2: Dermatophytes: Tinea species
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and their role in disease production/
Tinea versicolor
Lecture 3: Sub-cutaneous Mycosis:
Sporotrichosis/ Mycetoma
Dr. Sadia Ikram
Lecture 4: Opputunistic Mycosis:
Cryptococcosis, Candidiasis, Aspergillosis,
Mucormycosis, Pneumocystis jeroveci
Dr. Sadia Ikram
9th Jun 2017
Monday
12th Jun 2017
Wednesday 14th Jun 2017
Practical & SGD Plan
Topics
Module 1: Cell Injury
Batch Resource Person Day
Weeks
Practical/SGD 1: Microscope
Practical/SGD 1: Microscope
SGD 2: Adaptations
SGD 2: Adaptations
SGD 3: Necrosis
SGD 3: Necrosis
SGD 3: Necrosis
SGD 4: Calcification & Pigmentation
SGD 4: Calcification & Pigmentation
Module 2: General Microbiology
Practical/SGD: Gram Staining technique
Practical/SGD: Gram Staining technique
A/B
C/D
A/B
C/D
A
B
C
D
E
Demonstrators
Demonstrators
Demonstrators
Demonstrators
Demonstrators
Demonstrators
Demonstrators
Demonstrators
Demonstrators
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
7th Nov 2016
8th Nov 2016
9th Nov 2016
10th Nov 2016
14th Nov 2016
15th Nov 2016
16th Nov 2016
17th Nov 2016
18th Nov 2016
A
B
Demonstrators
Demonstrators
Monday
Tuesday
21st Nov 2016
22nd Nov 2016
Practical/SGD: Gram Staining technique
SGD-1: Classification of Bacteria
SGD-1: Classification of Bacteria
SGD-2: Bacterial cell wall components/
Gram positive & Gram negative cell wall
SGD-2: Bacterial cell wall components/
Gram positive & Gram negative cell wall
C
D
E
Demonstrators
Demonstrators
Demonstrators
Wednesday 23rd Nov 2016
Thursday
24th Nov 2016
Friday
25th Nov 2016
A
Demonstrators
Monday
28th Nov 2016
B
Demonstrators
Tuesday
29th Nov 2016
C
Demonstrators
Wednesday 30th Nov 2016
D
Demonstrators
Thursday
1st Dec 2016
E
Demonstrators
Friday
2nd Dec 2016
SGD-2: Bacterial cell wall components/
Gram positive & Gram negative cell wall
SGD-3: Laboratory Diagnosis &
Culture medias
SGD-3: Laboratory Diagnosis & Culture
medias
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SGD-4: Collection, transport & processing of
samples in Microbiology/Infection control
A
SGD-4: Collection, transport & processing of
samples in Microbiology/Infection control
B
SGD-4: Collection, transport & processing of
samples in Microbiology/Infection control
C
SGD-5: Sterilization/Disinfection/ Instruments D
SGD-5: Sterilization/Disinfection/ Instruments E
Module 3: Inflammation
Practical 1: Acute inflammation, vascular
changes, Leukocytic response
A
Practical 1: Acute inflammation, vascular
changes, Leukocytic response
B
Practical 1: Acute inflammation, vascular
changes, Leukocytic response
SGD 1: Chemical mediators
SGD 1: Chemical mediators
SGD 2: Morphological patterns of
Inflammation
SGD 2: Morphological patterns of
Inflammation
SGD 2: Morphological patterns of
Inflammation
Practical 2: Chronic inflammation/
Granulomatous Inflammation
Practical 2: Chronic inflammation/
Granulomatous Inflammation
Healing & Repair
SGD-1: Cell Cycle/ Growth factors/
Granulation tissue
SGD-1: Cell Cycle/ Growth factors/
Granulation tissue
SGD-1: Cell Cycle/ Growth factors/
Granulation tissue
SGD-2: Healing by Primary/ secondary
intentions
SGD-2: Healing by Primary/ secondary
intentions
Module 4: Special Bacteriology-I
Practical-1: Biochemical test-I (Catalase,
coagulase, oxidase, DNase)
Demonstrators
Monday
5th Dec 2016
Demonstrators
Tuesday
6th Dec 2016
Demonstrators
Demonstrators
Demonstrators
Wednesday 7th Dec 2016
Thursday
8th Dec 2016
Friday
9th Dec 2016
Demonstrators
Monday
12th Dec 2016
Demonstrators
Tuesday
13th Dec 2016
C
D
E
Demonstrators
Demonstrators
Demonstrators
Wednesday 14th Dec 2016
Thursday
15th Dec 2016
Friday
16th Dec 2016
A
Demonstrators
Monday
19th Dec 2016
B
Demonstrators
Tuesday
20th Dec 2016
C
Demonstrators
Wednesday 21st Dec 2016
D
Demonstrators
Thursday
22nd Dec 2016
E
Demonstrators
Friday
23rd Dec 2016
A
Demonstrators
Monday
2nd Jan 2017
B
Demonstrators
Tuesday
3rd Jan 2016
C
Demonstrators
Wednesday 4th Jan 2017
D
Demonstrators
Thursday
5th Jan 2017
E
Demonstrators
Friday
6th Jan 2017
A
Demonstrators
Monday
9th Jan 2017
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Practical-1: Biochemical test-I (Catalase,
coagulase, oxidase, DNase)
Practical-1: Biochemical test-I (Catalase,
coagulase, oxidase, DNase)
SGD-1: S.aureus & MRSA
Staph. epidermidis/ Staph saprophiticus
SGD-1: S.aureus & MRSA
Staph. epidermidis/ Staph saprophiticus
SGD-2: Streptococci (α haemolytic)
SGD-2: Streptococci (α haemolytic)
10th Jan 2017
B
Demonstrators
Tuesday
C
Demonstrators
Wednesday 11th Jan 2017
D
Demonstrators
Thursday
12th Jan 2017
E
A
Demonstrators
Demonstrators
Friday
Monday
13th Jan 2017
16th Jan 2017
B
Demonstrators
Tuesday
17th Jan 2017
C
D
Demonstrators
Demonstrators
Wednesday 18th Jan 2017
Thursday
19th Jan 2017
E
Demonstrators
Friday
20th Jan 2017
A
Demonstrators
Monday
23rd Jan 2017
B
Demonstrators
Tuesday
24th Jan 2017
C
Demonstrators
Wednesday 25th Jan 2017
D
Demonstrators
Thursday
26th Jan 2017
E
Demonstrators
Friday
27th Jan 2017
Module 5: Haemodynamics
SGD-1: Thrombosis/ Edema
A
Demonstrators
Monday
30th Jan 2017
SGD-1: Thrombosis/ Edema
B
Demonstrators
Tuesday
31st Jan 2017
SGD-1: Thrombosis/ Edema
C
Demonstrators
Wednesday 1st Feb 2017
SGD-2: Venous congestion/ Infarcts
D
Demonstrators
Thursday
2nd Feb 2017
SGD-2: Venous congestion/ Infarcts
E
Demonstrators
Friday
3rd Feb 2017
SGD-3: Embolism/Shock
A
Demonstrators
Monday
6th Feb 2017
SGD-3: Embolism/Shock
B
Demonstrators
Tuesday
7th Jan 2017
SGD-3: Embolism/Shock
C
Demonstrators
Wednesday 8th Feb 2017
Module 6: Special Bacteriology-II
SGD-1: Neisseria species
SGD-1: Neisseria species
Practical -1: TSI/ Motility tests
Practical -1: TSI/ Motility tests
D
E
A
B
Demonstrators
Demonstrators
Demonstrators
Demonstrators
Thursday
Friday
Monday
Tuesday
SGD-2: Streptococci (α haemolytic)
SGD-3: Streptococci (β haemolytic)
SGD-3: Streptococci (β haemolytic)
Practical-2: Inoculation of specimens/
Blood culture & Anaerobic culture
Practical-2: Inoculation of specimens/
Blood culture & Anaerobic culture
Practical-2: Inoculation of specimens/
Blood culture & Anaerobic culture
SGD-4: Spore forming & Non-Spore
forming Gram positive rods
SGD-4: Spore forming & Non-Spore
forming Gram positive rods
9th Feb 2017
10th Feb 2017
13th Feb 2017
14th Feb 2017
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Practical -1: TSI/ Motility tests
Practical-2: Biochemical Test-2
Practical-2: Biochemical Test-2
SGD-2: Enterobacteriaceae and nonEnterobacteriaceae
SGD-2: Enterobacteriaceae and nonEnterobacteriaceae
SGD-2: Enterobacteriaceae and nonEnterobacteriaceae
SGD-3: Respiratory GNR
SGD-3: Respiratory GNR
SGD-4: Zoonotic GNR/ Mycoplasma
SGD-4: Zoonotic GNR/ Mycoplasma
SGD-4: Zoonotic GNR/ Mycoplasma
SGD-5: Chlamydia/ Rickettsia species
SGD-5: Chlamydia/ Rickettsia species
SGD-6: Spirochetes
SGD-6: Spirochetes
SGD-6: Spirochetes
Practical-3 : ZN staining technique/
LJ medium/ OSPE
Practical-3: ZN staining technique/
LJ medium/ OSPE
SGD-7: Mycobacterium species
SGD-7: Mycobacterium species
SGD-7: Mycobacterium species
Module 7: Neoplasia
SGD-1: Introduction to Neoplasia/
Nomenclature
SGD-1: Introduction to Neoplasia/
Nomenclature
Practical-1: Benign Tumors
Practical-1: Benign Tumors
Practical-1: Benign Tumors
Holiday
SGD-2: Difference between benign and
malignant neoplasm/ Metastasis
SGD-3: Lab diagnosis and tumor markers/
Grading & Staging
SGD-3: Lab diagnosis and tumor markers/
Grading & Staging
SGD-3: Lab diagnosis and tumor markers/
C
D
E
Demonstrators
Demonstrators
Demonstrators
Wednesday 15th Feb 2017
Thursday
16th Feb 2017
Friday
17th Feb 2017
A
Demonstrators
Monday
20th Feb 2017
B
Demonstrators
Tuesday
21st Feb 2017
C
D
E
A
B
C
D
E
A
B
C
Demonstrators
Demonstrators
Demonstrators
Demonstrators
Demonstrators
Demonstrators
Demonstrators
Demonstrators
Demonstrators
Demonstrators
Demonstrators
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
22nd Feb 2017
23rd Feb 2017
24th Feb 2017
27th Feb 2017
28th Feb 2017
1st Mar 2017
2nd Mar 2017
3rd Mar 2017
6th Mar 2017
7th Mar 2017
8th Mar 2017
D
Demonstrators
Thursday
9th Mar 2017
E
A
B
C
Demonstrators
Demonstrators
Demonstrators
Demonstrators
Friday
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
10th Mar 2017
13th Mar 2017
14th Mar 2017
15th Mar 2017
D
Demonstrators
Thursday
16th Mar 2017
E
A
B
C
Demonstrators
Demonstrators
Demonstrators
Demonstrators
Friday
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
17th Mar 2017
20th Mar 2017
21st Mar 2017
22nd Mar 2017
23th Mar 2017
E
Demonstrators
Friday
24th Mar 2017
A
Demonstrators
Monday
27th Mar 2017
B
C
Demonstrators
Demonstrators
Tuesday
28th Mar 2017
Wednesday 29th Mar 2017
38
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Grading & Staging
Practical-2: Malignant Tumors
Module 9: Virology
Practical-2: Malignant Tumors
SGD-1: Classification of viruses: DNA & RNA
viruses
SGD-1: Classification of viruses: DNA
& RNA viruses
Practical-1: Laboratory Diagnosis
Practical-1: Laboratory Diagnosis
Practical-1: Laboratory Diagnosis
SGD-2: DNA Virus(enveloped viruses)
SGD-2: DNA Virus(enveloped viruses)
SGD-2: DNA Virus(enveloped viruses)
SGD-3: DNA Virus(non-enveloped viruses)
SGD-3: DNA Virus(non-enveloped viruses)
SGD-4:RNA viruses:(Polio,Rabies, Influenza)
SGD-4:RNA viruses:(Polio, Rabies, Influenza)
SGD-4:RNA viruses:(Polio, Rabies, Influenza)
SGD-5: Hepatitis viruses
SGD-5: Hepatitis viruses
SGD-6: Congenital: (CMV, Measles Mumps,
Rubella) TORCH, STD
SGD-6: Congenital: (CMV, Measles Mumps,
Rubella) TORCH, STD
SGD-6: Congenital: (CMV, Measles Mumps,
Rubella) TORCH, STD
SGD-7: GIT viruses & Zoonoses
(Enteroviruses), Rota, Adeno, Astro, RSV &
Rabies
Module 9: Immunulogy
SGD-7: GIT viruses & Zoonoses,
Enteroviruses, Rota, Adeno, Astro, RSV &
Rabies
Holiday
Practical 1: Serological techniques
Practical 1: Serological techniques
SGD 1: Basic Immunology concepts,
Antibodies, types and functions.
SGD 1: Basic Immunology concepts,
Antibodies, types and functions.
D
Demonstrators
Thursday
30th Mar 2017
E
Demonstrators
Friday
31st Mar 2017
A
Demonstrators
Monday
3rd Apr 2017
B
C
Demonstrators
Demonstrator
Tuesday
4th Apr 2017
Wednesday 5th Apr 2017
D
E
A
B
C
D
E
A
B
C
D
E
Demonstrators
Demonstrators
Demonstrators
Demonstrators
Demonstrators
Demonstrators
Demonstrators
Demonstrators
Demonstrators
Demostrator
Demonstrators
Demonstrators
Thursday
Friday
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
6th Apr 2017
7th Apr 2017
10th Apr 2017
11th Apr 2017
12th Apr 2017
13th Apr 2017
14th Apr 2017
17th Apr 2017
18th Apr 2017
19th Apr 2017
20th Apr 2017
21st Apr 2017
A
Demonstrators
Monday
24th Apr 2017
B
Demonstrators
Tuesday
25th Apr 2017
C
Demonstrators
Wednesday 26th Apr 2017
D
Demonstrators
Thursday
E
Demonstrators
Friday
B
C
Demonstrators
Demonstrators
28th Apr 2017
1th May 2017
Tuesday
2nd May 2017
Wednesday 3rd May 2017
D
Demonstrators
Thursday
4th May 2017
E
Demonstrators
Friday
5th May 2017
27th Apr 2017
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SGD 2:Hypersensitivity reactions(Type I-IV)
SGD 2:Hypersensitivity reactions (Type I-IV)
SGD 2:Hypersensitivity reactions (Type I-IV)
SGD 3:Autoimmunity, transplantation, AIDS
SGD 3:Autoimmunity, transplantation, AIDS
Module 10 : Parasitology
Practical-1: Urine Examination
Practical-1: Urine Examination
Practical-1: Urine Examination
SGD-1: Definitions/Classification
SGD-1: Definitions/Classification
Practical-2: Stool Examination
Practical-2: Stool Examination
Practical-2: Stool Examination
SGD-2: Protozoa
SGD-2: Protozoa
SGD-3: Helminths
SGD-3: Helminths
SGD-3: Helminths
Module 11: Genetics
SGD 1: Autosomal dominant/ recessive/ sex
linked disorders
SGD 1: Autosomal dominant/ recessive/ sex
linked disorders
SGD 2: Downs/ Klinefelter’s/ Turner
syndrome
SGD 2: Downs/ Klinefelter’s/ Turner
syndrome
SGD 2: Downs/ Klinefelter’s/ Turner
syndrome
Module 12: Mycology
SGD-1: Opputunistic Mycosis, Pneumocystis
jeroveci.
SGD-1: Opputunistic Mycosis, Pneumocystis
jeroveci.
SGD-2 : Laboratory Diagnosis/
Classification/ Dermatophytes/
Opputunistic Mycosis
SGD-2 : Laboratory Diagnosis/
Classification/ Dermatophytes/
Opputunistic Mycosis
SGD-2 : Laboratory Diagnosis/
A
B
C
D
E
Demonstrators
Demonstrators
Demonstrators
Demonstrators
Demonstrators
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
8th May 2017
9th May 2017
10th May 2017
11th May 2017
12th May 2017
A
B
C
D
E
A
B
C
D
E
A
B
C
Demonstrators
Demonstrators
Demonstrators
Demonstrators
Demonstrators
Demonstrators
Demonstrators
Demonstrators
Demonstrators
Demonstrators
Demonstrators
Demonstrators
Demonstrators
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
15th May 2017
16th May 2017
17th May 2017
18th May 2017
19th May 2017
22ndMay 2017
23rd May 2017
24th May 2017
25th May 2017
26th May 2017
29th May 2017
30th May 2017
31st May 2017
D
Demonstrators
Thursday
1st Jun 2017
E
Demonstrators
Friday
2nd Jun 2017
A
Demonstrators
Monday
5th Jun 2017
B
Demonstrators
Tuesday
6th Jun 2017
C
Demonstrators
Wednesday 7th Jun 2017
D
Demonstrators
Thursday
8th Jun 2017
E
Demonstrators
Friday
9th Jun 2017
A
Demonstrators
Monday
12th Jun 2017
B
Demonstrators
Tuesday
13th Jun 2017
Wednesday
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Classification/ Dermatophytes/
Opputunistic Mycosis
C
14th Jun 2017
Demonstrators
Table of Specifications MBBS 3rd Year (ANMC)
(General Pathology & Microbiology)
1. Three sets of SEQs / MCQs for Send up/Annual Examination from the u/m topics may be
prepared by the teachers as per following distribution:
S. #-
Topic Specification
Cell Injury, Cell Death, Cell Adaptations
Inflammation (Acute & Chronic)
Healing & Repair
Disorders of Growth & Neoplasia
Disorders of Circulation
Genetic Disorders
Immunology
General Bacteriology
Special Bacteriology
Virology
Mycology
Parasitology
Total
SEQs
MCQs
-
-
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Tentative Test Schedule
3rd Year MBBS-
Short Tests/
Tentative Dates
Grand Tests/ Tentative
Dates
18 Nov 2016
6 Dec 2016
20 Dec 2016
3 Jan 2017
24 Jan 2016
7 Feb 2017
28 Feb 2017
7 Mar 2017
28 Mar 2017
4 Apr 2017
25 Apr 2017
2 May 2017
23 May 2017
6 June 2017
27 Jun 2017
4 July 2017
42
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