Damilola Orunsholu

Bioengineering Fundamentals Review Slides Done By Damilola Orunsholu -) BIBLI0GRAPHIC DETAILS - Title: Bioengineering Fundamentals Authors: Saterbak, San, & McIntire Edition: Second (2018) Publisher: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2007 Original from: The University of California Digitized: 7 Dec 2010 from 1st Edition Pub. Date: 05/12/2017 Book Length: 540 pages ISBN-10: - ISBN-13: - ASIN: - 2 Of course, many bioengineers understandably think solving a problem is not what makes biomedical difficult; rather, it is setting up the system, evaluating the system parameters, and writing the appropriate accounting and conservation equations that is challenging to a bioengineer. 3 ASSESSMENT  The textbook is both an educational knowledge acquisition and a problem-solving skills development material.  The textbook motivates students to explore the emerging field of bioengineering and the reward of an engineering approach in life (biological) and medical sciences.  This addressed a question “how to apply interdisciplinary fundamental engineering concepts to biological and medical applications” to lay an introductory foundation, which can be overwhelming for beginning bioengineering students like me. 4 Author’s Purpose Educational Material for formative To support and motivate the problem- development in Bioengineering solving skills in Biomedical students 5 NARRATIVE USED The narration looks at the extent of biotechnologies through 4 lenses:  Basic medical sciences – Physiology, Biochemistry  Advanced medical applications – Biomaterial, etc.  Specialised bioengineering courses – Cellular Engr.  Case studies – the Heart, Lungs and the Kidneys This theme used paints a pleasantly new and fresh mental model of the real-world complexities and also devising of frictional realities of the field. 6 ONE: INTRODUCTION TO ENGINEERING CALCULATIONS A basic review of units, its conversion and dimension with how it is analysed were all given in relation to different biomedical technologies. 7 Methodology For Solving Engineering Problems CALCULATE • Apply governing equations • Simplify governing equations to linear forms by reduction of terms • Calculate the unknown quantities 03 02 ASSEMBLE • Diagram • Problem statement • Selection of units 04 FINALISE • Check if results are reasonable • State the answers clearly ANALYSE • Make appropriate assumptions • Collect extra data • Set a basis if needed 01 8 TWO: FOUNDATIONS OF CONSERVATION PRINCIPLES It begins with the unambiguous dialogue on extensive properties, categorising those that can be counted as the accounting properties and those that can be conserved as the conserving properties. 9 Algebraic Differential Integral Accounting Equation Statement  Algebraic balance: 𝜑𝑖𝑛 − 𝜑𝑜𝑢𝑡 + 𝜑𝑔𝑒𝑛 − 𝜑𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠 = 𝜑𝑎𝑐𝑐 Differential balance: 𝜑𝑖𝑛 ሶ − 𝜑𝑜𝑢𝑡 ሶ + 𝜑𝑔𝑒𝑛 ሶ − 𝜑𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠 ሶ = 𝜑𝑎𝑐𝑐 ሶ = Integral balance: 𝑡𝑓 𝑡𝑓 𝑡𝑓 𝑑𝜑 𝑑𝑡 𝑡𝑓 𝑡𝑓 𝑡𝑓 𝑑𝜑 ‫𝑡׬‬0 𝜑ሶ 𝑖𝑛 𝑑𝑡 − ‫𝑡׬‬0 𝜑ሶ 𝑜𝑢𝑡 𝑑𝑡 + ‫𝑡׬‬0 𝜑ሶ 𝑔𝑒𝑛 𝑑𝑡 − ‫𝑡׬‬0 𝜑ሶ 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠 𝑑𝑡 = ‫𝑡׬‬0 𝜑ሶ 𝑎𝑐𝑐 𝑑𝑡 = ‫𝑡׬‬0 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡  Conservation Equation Statement - Algebraic balance: 𝜑𝑖𝑛 − 𝜑𝑜𝑢𝑡 = 𝜑𝑎𝑐𝑐 - Differential balance: 𝜑𝑖𝑛 ሶ − 𝜑𝑜𝑢𝑡 ሶ = 𝜑𝑎𝑐𝑐 ሶ = - Integral balance: ‫𝑡׬‬0 𝜑ሶ 𝑖𝑛 𝑑𝑡 − ‫𝑡׬‬0 𝜑ሶ 𝑜𝑢𝑡 𝑑𝑡 = ‫𝑡׬‬0 𝜑ሶ 𝑎𝑐𝑐 𝑑𝑡 = ‫𝑡׬‬0 𝑡𝑓 𝑡𝑓 𝑑𝜑 𝑑𝑡 𝑡𝑓 𝑡𝑓 𝑑𝜑 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 10 THREE: CONSERVATION OF MASS The principles of mass balances are illustrated first for open, non-reacting, steady-state systems with worked example problems such as flow through a bone graft, oxygen consumption in bone, and toxin accumulation in a laboratory bone implant considered. 11 FOUR: CONSERVATION OF ENERGY It gives some very interesting insights of renewable biomass resources and how they can be harnessed. Huge attention spent developing calculation approaches for changes in enthalpy due to changes in temperature, pressure and phase. 12 Necessary Equations Mass, Energy, Concepts etc. Basic Concepts of Mass Conservation 𝑠𝑦𝑠 ෍ 𝑚𝑖 − ෍ 𝑚𝑗 + ෍ 𝑚𝑔𝑒𝑛 − ෍ 𝑚𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠 = 𝑚𝑎𝑐𝑐 𝑖 𝑗 𝑠𝑦𝑠 ෍ 𝑛𝑖 − ෍ 𝑛𝑗 + ෍ 𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑛 − ෍ 𝑛𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠 = 𝑛𝑎𝑐𝑐 𝑖 𝑗 Basic Concepts of Energy Conservation 𝑠𝑦𝑠 ሶ + ෍ 𝑄ሶ − ෍ 𝑊ሶ = ෍ 𝐸𝑇𝑖ሶ − ෍ 𝐸𝑇𝑗 𝑖 𝑗 𝑑𝐸𝑇 𝑑𝑡 𝑠𝑦𝑠 𝑑𝐸 ሶ෠ + 𝐻 ሶ෠ + 𝐻 ෡𝑖 ) − ෍ 𝑚𝑗 (𝐸෠𝑃𝑗 + 𝐸 ෡𝑗 ) + ෍ 𝑄ሶ − ෍ 𝑊ሶ 𝑛𝑜𝑛𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑤 = 𝑇 ෍ 𝑚𝑖 (𝐸෠𝑃𝑖 + 𝐸 𝐾𝑖 𝐾𝑗 𝑑𝑡 𝑖 𝑗 𝑠𝑦𝑠 𝑡𝑓 𝑡𝑓 𝑡𝑓 𝑡𝑓 𝑡𝑓 𝑑𝐸𝑇 ሶ෠ + 𝐻 ሶ෠ + 𝐻 ෡𝑖 − න ෍ 𝑚𝑗 𝐸෠𝑃𝑗 + 𝐸 ෡𝑗 + න ෍ 𝑄ሶ − න ෍ 𝑊ሶ 𝑛𝑜𝑛𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑤 = න න ෍ 𝑚𝑖 𝐸෠𝑃𝑖 + 𝐸 𝑑𝑡 𝐾𝑖 𝐾𝑗 𝑑𝑡 𝑡0 𝑡0 𝑡0 𝑡0 𝑡0 𝑖 𝑗 𝑠𝑦𝑠 ෡𝑖 ) − ෍ 𝑚𝑗 𝐸෠𝑃𝑗 + 𝐸෠𝐾𝑗 + 𝐻 ෡𝑗 + ෍ 𝑄 − ෍ 𝑊𝑛𝑜𝑛𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑤 = 𝐸 𝑠𝑦𝑠 − 𝐸𝑇,0 ෍ 𝑚𝑖 (𝐸෠𝑃𝑖 + 𝐸෠𝐾𝑖 + 𝐻 𝑇,ℶ 𝑖 𝑗 13 FIVE: CONSERVATION OF CHARGE It flags the conservation of charge, the electrical energy accounting statement, Kirchhoff’s current law and Kirchhoff’s voltage law together with Ohm’s law 14 Case Study Kidneys Heart Lungs 15 SIX: CONSERVATION OF MOMENTUM It concludes with the conservation of linear momentum, Newton’s laws of motion, Bernoulli’s equation and briefly go over angular momentum. 16 Critique Here is my evaluation of the textbook and my concerns Openness Directional Formulation I think that the ideas to elaborate on the physical properties and present a process for solving engineering problems made the material open. I also think that “Foundations to Conservation laws” was be explained logically as it helps learners mind develop the mental picture I also agree that bioengineers should focus on problem formulation. I worry though that the kind of problems that the textbooks used will be difficult to operationalise in a Nigerian system. 17 Suggestions & Recommendation Textbook Costs Domesticated Innovation Localized Use All in all, I think this was a brilliant text book by Ann Saterbak and her colleagues. It is a textbook from a development motivation grounded with case studies, theory and empirical experience. It raised a very important formation in the early learning of bioengineering. Please I think it is a must have for any bioengineering/biomedical institution or program. I would highly recommend it. 18 THANK YOU 19