Sourabh Soni

 1. INTRODUCTION 2. CATEGORIES OF SDOFT DRINKS 3. SOFT DRINKS IN INDIA 4. PRODUCTION OF SOFT DRINKS 5. EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS AIM OF EXPERIMENT THEORY APPARATUS CHEMICALS REQUIRED EXPERIMENT & OBSERVATIONS DETECTION PF PH TEST FOR CARBON DIOXIDE TEST FOR GLUCOSE TEST FOR PHOSPHATE TEST FOR ALCOHOL TEST FOR SUCROSE 6. RESULT 7. PRECAUTIONS 8. CONCLUSION 9. BIBLIOGRAPHY The era of cold drinks began in 1952  but  the Industrialization in India marked its beginning with Launching of Limca and Goldspot by Parley group of companies. Since, the beginning of cold drinks was   highly profitable   and   luring, many multinational companies launched their brands in India like Pepsi and Coke. Now days, it is observed in general that majority of People viewed Sprite, Fanta and Limca togive Feeling of lightness, while Pepsi and Thumps Up to Activate pulse and brain. The main production of soft drink was stored in 1830’s & since then from those experimental beginning there was an evolution until in1781, when the world’s first cola flavoured beverage was introduced. These drinks were called soft drinks, only to separate them from hard alcoholic drinks. This drinks do not contains alcohol & broadly specifying this beverages, includes a variety of regulated carbonated soft drinks, diet & caffeine free drinks, bottled water juices, juice drinks, sport drinks& even ready to drink tea/coffee packs. So we can say that soft drinks mean carbonated drinks. Today, soft drink is more favourite refreshment drink than tea, coffee, juice etc. CARBONATED DRINKS NON CARBONATED DRINKS CONTAIN CARBON DIOXIDE NO CARBON DIOXIDE EG:-PEPSI,COKE,FANTA EG:-JUICES,NECTORS READY TO DRINK (RTD) DILUTE TO TASTE EG:-ALL COLAS AND JUICES EG:-ALL SYRUPS AND SQUASHES Comparative study and qualitative analysis of different brands of cold drinks available in market. Cold drinks of different brands are composed of alcohol, carbohydrates, carbon dioxide, phosphate ions etc. These soft drinks give feeling of warmth, lightness and have a tangy taste which is liked by everyone. Carbon dioxide is responsible for the formation of froth on shaking the bottle. The carbon dioxide gas is dissolved in water to form carbonic acid which is also responsible for the tangy taste. Carbohydrates are the naturally occurring organic compounds and are major source of energy to our body. General formula of carbohydrates is Cm(H2O)n On the basis of their molecule size carbohydrates are classified as:- Monosaccharide,Disaccharides and Polysaccharides. Glucose is a monosaccharide with formula C6H12O6 .It occurs in Free State in the ripen grapes in bones and also in many sweet fruits. It is also present in human blood to the extent of about 0.1%. Sucrose is one of the most useful disaccharides in our daily life. It is widely distributed in nature in juices, seeds and also in flowers of many plants. The main source of sucrose is sugar cane juice which contain 15-20 % sucrose and sugar beet which has about 10-17 % sucrose. The molecular formula of sucrose is C12H22O11. It is produced by a mixture of glucose and free dose. It is non-reducing in nature whereas glucose is reducing. Cold drinks are a bit acidic in nature and their acidity can be measured by finding their pH value. The pH values also depend upon the acidic contents such as citric acid and phosphoric acid. Test Tubes Test Tube Holder Test Tube Stand Stop Watch Beaker Bunsen Burner pH Paper Tripod Stand China Dish Wire Gauge Water Bath Iodine Solution Potassium Iodide Sodium Hydroxide Lime Water Fehling’s A & B Solution Concentrated Nitric Acid Benedict Solution Ammonium Molybdate EXPERIMENT:- 1-2 drops of the sample of cold drink of each brand was taken and put on the pH paper. The change in the colour of pH paper was noticed and was compared with the standard pH scale. OBSERVATION:- Sr. No. Name Of The Drink Colour Change pH Value INFERENCE:- EXPERIMENT:- As soon as the bottles were opened, one by one the samples were passed through lime water. The lime water turned milky. OBSERVATION:- Sr. No. Name Of The Drink Time Taken (sec) Conclusion INFERENCE:- CHEMIICAL REACTIONS INVOLVED:- Ca(OH)2 (s) + CO2 (g) → CaCO3 (s) + H2O(l) Glucose is a reducing sugar acid. Its presence is Detected by the following test:- (1)BENEDICT’S TEST:- Small samples of cold drinks of different brands were taken in a test tube and a few drops of Benedict’s reagent were added. The test tube was heated for few seconds. Formation of reddish colour confirmed the presence of glucose in cold drinks. OBSERVATIONS:- Sr. No. Name Of The Drink Observation Conclusion INFERENCE:- (2)FEHLING’S TEST Small samples of cold drinks of different brands were taken in a test tube and a few drops of Fehling’s A solution and Fehling’s B solution was added in equal amount. The test tube was heated in water bath for 10 minutes. Appearance of brown precipitate confirmed the presence of glucose in cold drinks. OBSERVATIONS:- Sr. No. Name Of The Drink Observation Conclusion INFERENCE:- EXPERIMENT:- Small samples of each brand of cold drinksweretakeninseparate test tubes and Ammonium Molybdate followed by concentrated Nitric Acid (HNO3) was added to it. The solution was heated. Appearance of canary-yellow precipitate confirmed the presence of phosphate ions in cold drinks. OBSERVATIONS:- Sr. No. Name Of The Drink Observation Conclusion INFERENCE:- CHEMICAL REACTION INVOLVED:- NaHPO4+12(NH4)2MoO4+21HNO3+3H+→(NH4)3PO4.12MoO3 +21HN4NO3 +12H2O EXPERIMENT:- Small  samples  of  each  brand  of  cold  drinks  were taken  in separate test tubes  and  Iodine  followed by  Potassium  Iodide and Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) solution was added to each test tube. Then the test tubes wereheated in hot water bath for 30 minutes. Appearance of yellow coloured precipitate confirmed the presence of alcohol in cold drinks. OBSERVATION:- Sr. No. Name Of The Drink Observation Conclusion INFERENCE:- CHEMICAL REACTION INVOLVED:- CH3CH2OH + 4I2+6NaOH → CHI3 + HCOONa + 5NaI + 5H2 EXPERIMENT:- 5 ml samples of each brand of cold drinks were taken in separate china dishes and were heated very strongly until changes occur. Black coloured residue left confirmed the presence of sucrose in cold drinks. OBSERVATIONS:- Sr. No. Name Of The Drink Observation Conclusion INFERENCE:- After conducting several tests, it was concluded that the different brands of cold drinks namely: 1. Coca Cola 2. Sprite 3. Limca 4. Fanta All contains glucose, alcohol, sucrose, phosphate and carbon dioxide. All cold drinks are acidic in nature. On comparing the pH value of different brands Coca Cola is the most acidic and Limca is least acidic of all the four brands taken. Among the four samples of cold drinks taken, Sprite has the maximum amount of dissolved carbon dioxide and Fanta has the minimum amount of dissolved carbon dioxide.pH value of coca cola is nearly equal to disinfectant which is harmful for body. Some of the precautions which need to be taken care of are – 1. Concentrated solutions should be handled with immense care. 2.  Hands should be washed thoroughly after performing each experiment. 3.  If possible, one should wear hand gloves to prevent from any possible damage. 4.  If chemicals come into contact with your skin or eyes, flush immediately with copious amounts of water. 5.  Never leave burners unattended. Turn them off whenever you leave your workstation. 6. Never point a test tube or any vessel that you are heating at yourself or your neighbour. USES OF COLD-DRINKS 1. Cold drinks can be used as toilet cleaners. 2. They can remove rust spots from chrome car bumpers. 3. They clean corrosion from car battery terminals. 4. Soft drinks are used as an excellent ‘detergent’ to remove Grease from clothes. 5. They can lose a rusted bolt. 6. In many states, the highway patrol carries a few gallons of Soft Drinks in order to remove blood from the highway after auto accidents. 7. Toilet Cleaning: Pour a can of Soft Drinks into the toilet bowl and let the "real thing" sit for one hour, then flush. It magically cleans better than if you had scrubbed it. The citric acid in Soft Drinks also removes stains from vitreous china. DISADVANTAGES OF COLD DRINKS 1. . Soft drinks are little more harmful than sugar solution. As they contain sugar in large amount which cause “diabetes”. 2. Soft drinks can cause weight gain as they interfere with the body’s natural ability to suppress hunger feeling. 3. Soft drinks have ability to dissolve the calcium so they are also harmful for our bones. 4. Soft drinks contain “phosphoric acid” which has a pH of 2.8. So they can dissolve a nail in about 4 days. 5. Soft drinks have also ability to remove blood so they are very harmful to our body 6. Soft drinks steal water from the body. They work very much like a diuretic which takes away more water than it provides to the body. Just to process the high levels of sugar in soft drinks steals a considerable amount of water from the body. 7. Soft Drinks severely interfere with digestion. Caffeine and high amounts of sugar virtually shut down the digestive process. That means your body is essentially taking in NO nutrients from the food you may have just eaten, even that eaten hours earlier. Consumed with french-fries which can take weeks to digest, there is arguably nothing worse a person can put in their body. 8. Hypokalaemia (low potassium levels) diseases. Most soft drinks contain high concentration of simple carbohydrates - glucose, fructose, sucrose and other simple sugars. Oral bacteria ferment carbohydrates and produce acid, which dissolves tooth enamel during the dental decay process; thus, sweetened drinks are likely to increase risk of dental caries. The risk is greater if the frequency of consumption is high. 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