Saswat Parida

INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT & INFORMATION STUDIES, CUTTACK Guided by: Satyabrata Behura Submitted By: Saswat Parida -) Dibyajyoti Das -) CERTIFICATE This is to certify that the project entitled “INTERNET USAGE IN INDIA” submitted by SASWAT PARIDA & DIBYAJYOTI DAS to MCS Lab Class, MBA DEPARTMENT OF IMIT,CUTTACK and is also certified that the project represents the original work on the part of the candidate . Place: CUTTACK Date: 09/04/2018 SIGNATURE OF GUIDE DECLARATION We hereby declare that this project titled “INTERNET USAGE IN INDIA” is a bonafide work undertaken by SASWAT PARIDA & DIBYAJYOTI DAS and it is not submitted anywhere for the purpose. BIBLIOGRAPHY The following websites were consulted for relevant materials, www. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_in_India https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_Internet_connection_speeds https://www.firstpost.com/tech/news-analysis/trai-releases-data-on-internet -usage-subscription.html CONTENTS TOPICS HISTORY INTRODUCTION INTERNET USER BASE FACTS CENSORSHIP CHALLENGES STATISTICS & FACTS PROS & CONS CONCLUSION INTRODUCTION Internet is a global network of inter-connected computers, where one computer can be connected to any other computer (or computerized device) in any portion of the world. Internet uses various internet protocol technologies. The recent introduction of mobile internet have been equally successful. Internet surfing is very easy. Internet is available in all major villages, towns, cities of almost every country. It is possible to surf through Internet with the help of internet browsers such as Internet explorer, Google chrome, etc. The organization that provides the Internet service to end-users are known as an Internet Services Providers (ISP). The major internet companies of India are BSNL, Vodafone, Airtel, Idea, and Aircel. The key to success of Internet is the information. The better the quality, the more is the usage of Internet operations. HISTORY The history of the internet in India began with the launch of the Educational Research Network (ERNET) in 1986. The network was only made available to educational and research communities. The first publicly available internet service in India was launched by state-owned Videsh Sanchar Nigam Limited (VSNL) on 14 August 1995. As of May 2014, the Internet was delivered to India mainly by 9 different undersea fibres and has one overland internet connection, at the city of Agartala near the border with Bangladesh. As of July 2016, around 37,43,28,160 people (29.5% of the country's total population) were Internet users. ERNET was initiated by the Department of Electronics (DoE), with funding support from the Government of India and United Nations Development Program (UNDP), involving eight premier institutions as participating agencies—NCST Bombay, Indian Institute of Science, five Indian Institutes of Technology i.e.at Delhi, Mumbai, Kanpur, Kharagpur and Chennai. ERNET began as a multiprotocol network with both the TCP/IP and the OSI-IP(Open Systems Interconnection) . TCP(Transmission Control Protocol) is responsible for the data delivery of a packet and IP(Internet Protocol) is responsible for the logical addressing. In 2010 the government auctioned 3G spectrum followed by an equally high-profile auction of 4G spectrum that set the scene for a competitive wireless broadband market. Today, internet access in India is provided by both public and private companies using a variety of technologies and media including dial-up , xDSL(Digital Subcriber Line), coaxial cable, Ethernet, FTTH, ISDN, HSDPA (3G), WiFi, WiMAX, etc. at a wide range of speeds and costs. Internet user base The following table provides an overview of key internet subscriber statistics in India as on 31 December 2017 StatisticFigures Total subscribers 445.96 million Narrowband subscribers 83.09 million Broadband subscribers 362.87 million Wired subscribers 21.28 million Wireless subscribers 424.67 million Urban subscribers 313.92 million Rural subscribers 132.03 million Overall net penetration 34.42 % Urban net penetration 76.76 % Rural net penetration 14.89 % Facts About Internet Usage In 2009, about 37 percent of the users access the Internet from cyber cafes, 30 percent from an office, and 23 percent from home. However, the number of mobile Internet users increased rapidly from 2009 on and there were about 274 million mobile users at the end of September 2010, with a majority using 2G mobile networks. Mobile Internet subscriptions as reported by the Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) in March 2011 increased to 381 million. Access to the Internet can be divided into dial-up and broadband access. Around the start of the 21st century, most residential access was by dial-up, while access from businesses was usually by higher speed connections. Both types of access generally use a modem, which converts digital data to analog for transmission over a particular analog network (ex. the telephone or cable networks).Dial-up access is a connection to the Internet through a phone line, creating a semi-permanent link to the Internet. Dial-up is often the only form of Internet access available in rural areas because it requires no infrastructure other than the already existing telephone network. Dial-up connections typically do not exceed a speed of 56 kbit/s, because they are primarily made via a 56k modem. Broadband access includes a wide range of speeds and technologies, all of which provide much faster access to the Internet than dial-up. The term "broadband" once had a technical meaning, but today it is more often a marketing buzzword that simply means "faster". Broadband connections are continuous or "always on" connections, without the need to dial and hangup, and do not monopolize phone lines. Internet service providers There were 154 Internet Service Providers (ISPs) offering broadband and narrowband services in India as on 31 March 2017. As on 31 August 2016, the five largest wired broadband providers in India are BSNL (9.84 million), Airtel (1.91 million), Atria Convergence Technologies (1.09 million), MTNL (1.07 million), and YOU Broadband India Ltd (0.57 million). And as of 30th June, 2017, the five largest wireless broadband providers are Jio(123+million), Airtel India (94+million), Vodafone (69.00 million), Idea Cellular (38 million) and BSNL(33 million). 4G internet is the most prevalent in India. The telecom circles of Maharashtra & Goa excluding Mumbai (25.77 million), Tamil Nadu (24.52 million), Andhra Pradesh & Telangana (23.37 million), Delhi (22.51 million) and Karnataka (21.44 million) have the most broadband subscribers as on 30 June 2017. The total International Internet bandwidth owned by Indian ISPs was 2,933 Gbit/s as on 30 June 2017.International Bandwidth is the maximum rate of data transmission from a single country to the rest of the world. Net Neutrality As of August 2015, there were no laws governing net neutrality in India, which would require that all Internet users be treated equally, without discriminating or charging differentially by user, content, site, platform, application, type of attached equipment, or mode of communication. There have already been a few violations of net neutrality principles by some Indian service providers. The government has once again called in for comments and suggestions regarding net neutrality as of 14 August, and has given the people one day to post their views on the mygov forum. After this, the final decision regarding the debate will be made. The debate on network neutrality in India gathered public attention after Airtel, a mobile telephony service provider in India, announced in December 2014 additional charges for making voice calls (VoIP) from its network using apps like WhatsApp, Skype, etc. In March 2015, Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) released a formal consultation paper on Regulatory Framework for Over-the-top (OTT) services, seeking comments from the public. It received condemnation from various politicians and Indian Internet users .On 8 February 2016, TRAI took a revolutionary decision, prohibiting telecom service providers from levying discriminatory rates for data, thus ruling in favor of Net Neutrality in India. This move was welcomed by not just by millions of Indians but also by various political parties, businesspersons, industry leaders ,and the inventor of the World Wide Web, Tim Berners Lee. Censorship Internet censorship in India is selectively practiced by both federal and state governments. DNS filtering and educating service users in better usage is an active strategy and government policy to regulate and block access to Internet content on a large scale. Measures to remove content at the request of content creators through court orders have become more common in recent years. Freedom House's Freedom on the Net 2016 report gives India a Freedom on the Net status of "Partly Free" with a rating of 41 (scale from 0 to 100, lower is better). Its Obstacles to Access was rated 12 (0-25 scale), Limits on Content was rated 9 (0-35 scale) and Violations of User Rights was rated 20 (0-40 scale).India was ranked 29th out of the 65 countries included in the report. Challenges One of the major issues facing the Internet segment in India is the lower average bandwidth of broadband connections compared to that of developed countries. According to 2007 statistics, the average download speed in India hovered at about 40 KB per second (256 kbit/s), the minimum speed set by TRAI, whereas the international average was 5.6 Mbit/s during the same period. In order to attend this infrastructure issue the government declared 2007 as "the year of broadband". To compete with international standards of defining broadband speed the Indian Government has taken the aggressive step of proposing a $13 billion national broadband network to connect all cities, towns and villages.The network was supposed to provide speeds up to 10 Mbit/s in 63 metropolitan areas and 4 Mbit/s in an additional 352 cities. Also, the Internet penetration rate in India is one of the lowest in the world and only accounts for 8.4% of the population compared to the rate in other counties, where the average is over 50%. Another issue is the digital divide where growth is biased in favour of urban areas; according to 2010 statistics, more than 75 per cent of the broadband connections in the country are in the top 30 cities. Regulators have tried to boost the growth of broadband in rural areas by promoting higher investment in rural infrastructure and establishing subsidized. Ecommerce industry Statistics No. of Indian consumers who purchased something online in 2014: 40 Million No. of Indian consumers who are expected to purchase something online in 2018 :100 million Indian ecommerce Industry in 2014: $22 Billion Indian ecommerce Industry in 2018: $86 Billion Data centres BSNL Internet Data Centers, in collaboration with Dimension Data Trimax IT Infrastructure & Services Limited - Tier III data centers in Mumbai and Bengaluru Airlive Broadband Web Werks Data Centers Sify Technologies Limited CtrlS Datacenters Ltd Tata Communications Limited Netmagic Solutions Reliance Datacenter Web Werks IDC Net4 Datacenter RackBank Datacenter GPX Global Systems Inc. CTRLS Data Center MegaHostZone Digital Ocean Amazon Web Services Top 10 Countries According To Internet Usage Country or area Internet users Rank Percentage  China 746,662,-%  India 391,292,-%  United States 245,436,-%  Brazil 123,927,-%  Japan 117,528,-%  Russia 110,003,-%  Mexico 75,937,-%  Germany 73,436,-%  Indonesia 66,244,-%  United Kingdom 62,354,-% Statistics & Facts With over 460 million internet users, India is the second largest online market, ranked only behind China. By 2021, there will be about 635.8 million internet users in India. Despite the large base of internet users in India, only 26 percent of the Indian population accessed the internet in 2015. This is a significant increase in comparison to the previous years, considering the internet penetration rate in India stood at about 10 percent in 2011. Furthermore, men dominated internet usage in India with 71 percent to women’s 29 percent. Indians often turn to mobile internet, as the large majority of the digital population in India were mobile internet users in 2016. About 323 million people in India accessed the internet through their mobile phones in 2016. Both figures are forecast to increase in the coming years, with projections to amount to 524.5 million and around 37.4 percent respectively in 2021.As of 2016, India had an estimate of 262 million mobile internet users living in urban communities, and 109 million living in rural areas. Facebook is the most popular social networking site in the country. There were about 195 million Facebook users in India as 2016, placing India as the country with the largest Facebook user base in the world. Other networks include WhatsApp, Google+, and Skype. With an estimate of 43.8 percent digital buyer penetration in 2016, online shopping is also a popular online activity of Indian internet users. Mobile shopping has gained space in the country as well. About 49 percent of Indian consumers stated using their mobiles for purchasing goods or services. Internet Subcribers in India Tamil Nadu has the highest number of urban subscribers at 21.16 million Maharashtra has the highest number of internet subscribers in the country at 29.47 million, followed by states like Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka. Tamil Nadu had 28.01 million subscribers, while its neighbours Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka had 24.87 million and 22.63 million, respectively. Himachal Pradesh had the lowest number of subscribers at 3.02 million. Data showed that out of the over 342 million subscribers, more than 67 per cent are from urban India. The rural internet subscriber base stood at 111.94 million at the end of FY16. Tamil Nadu has the highest number of urban subscribers at 21.16 million, while UP (East) telecom circle leads in terms of rural internet customer base at 11.21 million. At the end of March, Delhi had 20.59 million internet users, while Mumbai and Kolkata had 15.65 million and 9.26 million, respectively. Broadband subscription rates have surged, showing a growth of 8.22 percent over the previous quarter. Narrowband internet subscribers have declined by 2.32 percent as compared to the previous quarter. 162.06 million are narrowband subscribers and 188.42 million are broadband subscribers. Only 0.16 percent of users have a fixed wireless connection. Only five hundred thousand users across the country have a fixed wireless broadband connection, which includes Wi-Fi, Wi -Max, Radio. About 28,000 users across the country have a fixed wireless narrowband connection. A mobile wireless connection is how the majority of people in India subscribe to a broadband connection. Trai has released region wise data on broadband and narrowband subscription, with details on rural and urban subscribers. The areas designated in the data mostly correspond with the states. The subscribers for Mumbai and Kolkata are mentioned separately, and Uttar Pradesh has been split into east and west. All the North Easter states except Assam are grouped together. There is no granular information available for the North Eastern states. The most connected broadband service areas are Tamil Nadu with 15.35 million subscribers, Maharashtra with 15.13 million, Delhi with 13.02 million, Karnataka with 12.92 million and Andhra Pradesh with 12.11 million. Himachal Pradesh lags behind in terms of connectivity. There are over 125 ISPs registered with a license in India, out of which the to 10 ISPs serve a whopping 98.46 percent of the population. Bharti provides internet access to more than a quarter of the connected population of India, with a market share of 26.40 percent. Vodafone comes in second with a 19.89 percent market share. The top providers mainly serve internet access through wireless mobile connections. Pros & Cons Advantages of the Internet : E-mail: E-mail is an online correspondence system. With e-mail you can send and receive instant electronic messages, which works like writing letters. Your messages are delivered instantly to people anywhere in the world, unlike traditional mail that takes a lot of time. Access Information: The Internet is a virtual treasure trove of information. Any kind of information on any topic under the sun is available on the Internet. The ‘search engines’ on the Internet can help you to find data on any subject that you need. Shopping: Along with getting information on the Internet, you can also shop online. There are many online stores and sites that can be used to look for products as well as buy them using your credit card. You do not need to leave your house and can do all your shopping from the convenience of your home. Online Chat: There are many ‘chat rooms’ on the web that can be accessed to meet new people, make new friends, as well as to stay in touch with old friends. Downloading Software: This is one of the most happening and fun things to do via the Internet. You can download games, music, videos, movies, and a host of other entertainment software from the Internet, most of which are free. Large volume of Information: Internet can be used to collect information from around the world. This information could relate to education, medicine, literature, software, computers, business, entertainment, friendship, tourism, news and journals. Online Banking (Net-Banking): The use of internet can also be seen in the field of banking transactions. Many banks such as HSBC, SBI, Axis Bank, Hdfc Bank, etc. offers online banking facilities to its customers. They can transfer funds from one account to another using the net-banking facility. E-commerce: Internet is also used for carrying out business operations and that set of operations is known as Electronic Commerce (E-commerce). Flipkart is the largest e-commerce company in India. The rival, Amazon, is giving stiff competition to Flipkart. Mobile wallet: Many companies offer the service of mobile wallet to its customers. Users must have a smart-phone and internet connection to use this service. Users can pay an amount into their mobile wallet, which they can use to make online payment such as bill payments, recharges, etc. Entertainment: Apart from a major source of knowledge and information, the utility of Internet in the field of entertainment cannot be undermined. We can visit various video sites and watch movies and serials at our convenient time. Disadvantages of the Internet: Personal Information: If you use the Internet, your personal information such as your name, address, etc. can be accessed by other people. If you use a credit card to shop online, then your credit card information can also be ‘stolen’ which could be akin to giving someone a blank check. Disturbing Content: This is a very serious issue concerning the Internet, especially when it comes to young children. There are thousands of disturbing sites on the Internet that can be easily found and can be accessed by the children over the Internet. Spamming: This refers to sending unsolicited e-mails in bulk, which serve no purpose and unnecessarily clog up the entire system. Virus: Using internet without antivirus may result in data loss along with corruption of files. CONCLUSION Internet is very useful for everyone. It is the superhighway of information. The cost of Internet has been reduced over-time. The cost of the computer system, modem and other associated hardware is also likely to come down. The possibilities of an Internet are endless. However, some people waste their time while surfing through various websites. Some others try to view those websites that are not meant for them. This is a bad tendency and must be checked. The ubiquity of information in digital form, the widespread use of computer networks, and the rapid proliferation of the World Wide Web—have profound implications for the way intellectual property is created, distributed, and accessed by virtually every sector of society. The information infrastructure offers both promise and peril: promise in the form of extraordinary ease of access to a vast array of information, and peril from opportunities both for information to be reproduced inappropriately and for information access to be controlled in new and problematic ways. Gradually there is a rapid growth of internet usage over the last decade not only in India but the whole world. Internet must be used for development and not for decay. People must learn Internet operations and must try to collect only the useful information. The present century would usher humanity into a new era of Information Technology and Internet is the backbone of this exciting era.