Sadia Zia

Research Methodology Research methodology is used to detect the solution and outcome of any given problem or matter. In this methodology, researchers always try to find distinct methods to solve or handle the given problem. It gives a new name to the research work and provides reliability to the entire research work. These methodologies are of great importance as they always lead researchers towards the right path and motivate them to be active in prior field. It assists them to be on the right track and handle any critical situation with their own strategy and hard work. For instance, if any businessman is carrying out research methodology then it will surely help him to know the basic necessities of a company and customers. It helps other people to know that what researchers are offering and how they are going to work on certain plan. It enables researchers to talk about the things that they have done and helps them to strengthen their project. Research philosophy is considered to be an essential part of research methodology as it provides assistance to collect data in a suitable way. It is a view that is built on values, assumptions, practices and concepts. It also deals with the nature, source and development of knowledge. Positivism is one of the terminologies of research philosophy. Positivism is the highly structured methodology that allows concepts and observations to analyze the result with assistance of statistical methods. Positivism usually deals with natural sciences and includes several different philosophies of science such as universal law and the view of everything that occurs in the nature. Positivism is known to be the finest philosophy in research as it helps researchers to collect all the figures and facts that are related with the research issue. It allows researchers to collect data and general information from the social elements rather than following the aspects of research. With this philosophy, researchers make use of little sample and analyze them fully to understand the perspective of huge population. This is the best approach by which researchers believe that whatever they are doing is of their own efforts as it has no direct interaction with the whole public. There are number of research approaches that are used for reasoning. Inductive approach is used to deal with the scientific researches that are being conducted at the final stage of research. It moves from observations to concepts and theories. This approach is commonly used in social sciences as it deals with the behavioral studies. On the other hand, deductive research is commonly used in natural sciences. Deductive approach is used to test an existing theory while inductive approach aims to create new theory with the help of observed data. Deductive approach is quite effective to identify the things that are happening around us. It helps to discover the answer of many questions in more appropriate manner. It can be used at many levels as it has numerous benefits. Deductive approach is beneficial to students and teachers while dealing with complex subject such as Mathematics. Analysis can be of both types i.e. qualitative and quantitative. Qualitative data analysis doesn’t include numerical data or numbers. This method of research is commonly used for investigation in many European counties. It deals with rich data that presents clearer image and it is beneficial to understand that why and how things happened in the past. On the contrary, quantitative data analysis is a simple method that is used to identify and define. Data that is produced by this method is always numerical and analyzed by using statistical and mathematical methods. Quantitative analyzes have no credibility without numbers. It deals with the fluctuations in several stages of education and other fields. Qualitative approach is suitable as it provides clearer perspective and gives understanding of hidden motivations and reasons. It helps to find an effective and appropriate solution of any problem. Qualitative analysis contains frequent interaction between analysis and theory. Primary and Secondary data collections are the common data that are used in research projects. Data that is collected by a person himself is called primary data. That person can be a student who is working on a thesis or any other researcher who is gathering data by using his own efforts. While secondary data is collected by someone else such as census and any other information that is gathered by government. Secondary data is collected for the work that will be researched later. Motor vehicle registration and discharge records of hospitals are examples of secondary data collection. Secondary data has several advantages that help researches to overcome many problems that they face while collecting primary data. If they have secondary data, it will be quite easier for all the researchers to conduct any research without spending a lot of money. This type of data appeases researches that they are not mere responsible for the quality as they have taken all the facts and figures from other sources whereas primary data is all about using huge funds and expenses. It always saves the time of the researchers and provides them correct facts without spending too much time while collecting such comprehensive data. Ethics plays vital role in every field of life. It develops a sense of wrong and right among people. Similarly, researchers must follow research ethics while dealing various issues. They must protect the participation of human beings and make sure that research should be conducted in a manner that it obeys the interest of groups, individuals or society. They must be honest in reporting methods, results, data and other things. They must not fabricate any data and refrain from deceiving other people. They must avoid errors and examine their work with full devotion before its publication. They must respect the privacy of the individual and avoid putting others in critical problems by disclosing everything in public. They must be known to their ethical obligations before conducting any research. It will restrain researches from landing into trouble in future. Researchers should make it certain that their acts do not harm any individual.