Rizki Mayandi Hasibuan

Title: Biodiversity is overlooked in the diets of different social groups in Brazil Journal name and publication year: Scientificreports – 2023 DOI: 10.1038/s- Summary The article is about the investigating the consumption of biodiverse foods in Brazil and the socioeconomic factors that influence their consumption. The study used data from a Brazilian national dietary survey and applied machine learning and statistical methods to analyze the data. The study found that the consumption of biodiverse foods was low, related to 1.3% of the population, and varied according to area, ethnicity, age, food insecurity, sex, and educational level. The findings suggest a significant mismatch between the rich biodiversity of Brazil and its representation in the human diet. Q1. In the above figure, the investigated factors on consumption of unconventional food plants are mentioned. Living in rural areas, being non-white, being older, living in a household with food insecurity, being a woman, and having more years of schooling are the main factors affecting the consumption of unconventional food plants. Living in the rural areas is the most effective factor. The figure shows the SHAP values for investigating. In the right hand side, the positive effects are shown. The colors show the magnitude of the investigating. In the left hand side, the lowest relationships are shown in the blue color. Q2. It is an observational study. Because all the variables or factors are certain and the analysis is done on the relationships between them. Q3. UFP is the response variable. The explanatory variables are Living in rural areas, being non-white, being older, living in a household with food insecurity, being a woman, and having more years of schooling. Q4. Variable Living in rural Being non-white Type Categorical-nominal Categorical-nominal Age Food security woman Years of schooling UFP Numerical-discrete Categorical-ordinal Categorical-nominal Numerical-discrete Categorical-nominal Q5. Bar chart is used for levels of food security in the households. This graph is appropriate for showing the differences between the levels. Histogram graph can be useful for showing the distribution of numerical variables like age and years of schooling. Q6. No there is no error in the graphs. The graphs could be merged in one bar chart. This bar chart can present the information in two aspects. One aspect is the categorizing the degrees of UFP. The other one is the categorizing consuming biodiverse foods. Q7. 1. Area has a significant effect on UFP 2. Ethnicity has a significant effect on UFP 3. Age has a significant effect on UFP 4. Food insecurity has a significant effect on UFP 5. Income has a significant effect on UFP 6. Sex has a significant effect on UFP 7. Educational level has a significant effect on UFP Q8. Multiple zero-inflated Poisson (ZIP) regression model to verify the association among UFP consumption and predict variables. Yes, this method is suitable. Q9. The p-values for “area” and “income” are 0.042 and 0.015, respectively. These values are less than 0.05. Therefore, it can be concluded that these two variables are significant.