Odupa Donald Opiyo

Institutional Affiliation Student’s Name Date Common property to solve common problem Property involve the rights, which the owner enjoys in using and transferring. Common property entails property, which is owned to the entire community but cannot be categorized to belonging to any particular person. The property rights are linked to the community collectively. The members of the public have equal interest in the property. The public is presently faced with huge challenges and wide variety of strategies and initiatives are been formulated and executed to guarantee that lasting solutions are found to rectify or prevent these commons issues. One of the many ways that is been utilized to solve these problems is through using common property. This paper shall focus on discussing the possibility of using common property when it comes to solving commons problem. Local commons is comprised of areas such as grazing fields whereby the pastoralists usually take their animals (goats, sheeps and cows) to graze, water points that people cannot claim rights to them, fisheries points more so the shores. The common property also touches on the management of places such as the forests, irrigation channels for the community and the oil reserves points. Other common property include partnerships and people who are taking part in a joint venture such as a business and constructing apartments. Coming up with common interest is very essential. The reason for doing this is that it helps in the adoption of the perfect method of using when it comes to handling the issue at hand. Besides this, the information needed when it comes to the management of commons problem shall be minimal only if the policy could be developed differently from the way it needs to be executed. By doing this, it would lead to the distinction of plans whereby the crafted plan is different from the to be executed plan. Cinner and customary marine tenure in the Indo-Pacific has uniquely talked about the above statement Ecology and Society (2005). The usage of CMT (Customary Marine Tenure) has been executed and it focuses on dealing with incorporation of locals to manage the resources. Such a move is done through collaboration of the state and the NGOs and private organizations in conserving marine resources and attainment of societal objectives. CMT entails the usage of families, communities, and segments of kinship to manage the usage and exploitation of marine resources. The villagers prevents the outsiders from gaining access of the resources within their jurisdiction. By doing this, it goes a long way in minimizing the burden, which the state could have otherwise shouldered the burden in the event the program was not put into place in the first place. Communities that have a higher marine tenure tend to have minimal number of immigrants. Cultural variations because of immigration can have a significant cost when it comes to the maintenance of marine regulation and this is brought about by mistrust and inconsistencies in the norms. Moreover, the immigrants could possibly not see the already drafted laws of the land they come across the place to be authentic hence they might fail to abide by them to the fullest or in totality. Despite its benefits, the common property systems does come with its fair share of pitfalls. Common property tend to be impacted by several aspects that are presently in the community. These factors might include but not limited to religious beliefs, cultural variations and practices, the processes and the pace of decision-making, the degree of dependence on the stated common resources, the disagreements, which might come about during the course of daily operations of the community and the extent of variations of different resources. All the above factors might have a significant effect when it comes to the execution and management of CMT. The Common problem can be traced back to ancient communities whereby hunting and gathering communities used to solve the problem jointly. They controlled the issues of the rise in population that had the potential of significantly affecting their survival via establishing taboos in their daily activities such as marriage or lactation. Commons is exposed to varying challenges in the current 21st century. One of the many issues relates to Pollution. The reason for this is brought about by the fact that people have declined to become responsible for the effect that the waste materials; either the harmful emission to the atmosphere, or waste material disposed of into the rivers is not only harmful to them, but also to the environment. Such an issue is best handled via mediation of administrative law and through educating the public on the need of becoming responsible who take care of their surroundings. The other issues involves population issues. If the commons are given the go ahead to breed uncontrollably without any kind of regulations, the resources might become insufficient to cater to the needs of all in the society. The community is involved in the welfares of its people since in the event they were left by themselves, they can starve and eventually die. The society needs to establish mechanism of handling with families and religion that view overbreeding as a way of life. Coercion is one of the many way, which is been used to solve the issue of commons. This has been observed using taxes to limit activities. There is also the use of parking fees to control the number of vehicles in a particular place. Realization of necessity is the other means of dealing with commons problem. This can entails abandoning places where pollution has taken place, enhancing infrastructure to solve the issue of transport. Moreover, infringement of one’s right and liberty for the interest of the entire society public has been executed. This has more so been an issue of breeding. Overbreeding is one of the main issues and depleting the resources. This has caused the execution of regulations, which control the breeding though it vilates the rights of people. These externalities have been found to affect investments. Poor irrigation systems, lack of protection of natural resources like the water points, overgrazing leaving the land bare and the protection, upkeep and fencing of the land that belongs to the general public has accelerated the commons problems. How can then members be included in the implementation plan to tackle commons problems and take actions which would otherwise be expensive to individuals? Economic Perspectives, 7.4 (1993).The first way is the issuing of incentives to members who cooperate with the regulations. This is also by sensitizing the individuals in the society that the short term gains they gat will adversely affect their affairs in the long term. This instill a positive behaviour. Repetition of practices discourages individuals from defecting since they fear that they will lose the interests they accrue as a result of their cooperation. Another aspect is by establishing the feeling of collective reputation. The reputation of firms or areas the individuals work in will greatly influence their behaviour since they want to uphold the reputation of the said firm. This shows that there is need to cultivate good reputation and practices in the institutions. Privatization of the rights to property is another way of dealing with commons problem. This will lead to resources being well managed and efficiently utilized. Privatization gives individuals who obtain the rights to resources a greater bargaining power in terms of control and preservation of it. In conclusion, this essay has discussed the possible use of common property to address the commons problem. The giving of incentives to members who cooperate with the regulations is one way. Collective reputation and privatization of the resources are other ways to deal with commons problem. It’s observed that the societies have a sole responsible for tackling commons problem. References Cinner, Joshua. "Socioeconomic Factors Influencing Customary Marine Tenure In The Indo-Pacific". Ecology and Society (2005): n. pag. Web. 16 Jan. 2016. Hardin, Garrett. tragedy of commons- (1968):-. Print. Seabright, Paul. "Managing Local Commons: Theoretical Issues In Incentive Design". The Journal of Economic Perspectives, 7.4 (1993): 113-134. Web. 16 Jan. 2016.