Odupa Donald Opiyo

Surname 1 Institutional Affiliation Student’s Name Date Introduction In the modern world, illnesses relating to the mind and aggression are closely connected. This has in turn, brought about stigma among patients and plus created unconducive environment for medical practitioners (Tedeschi, James and Felson, 2009). Psychiatric wards usually handle aggressive patients whom they are required to control. Poor management of such patients might lead to frustration among employees’ and a risky environment for other people (Tedeschi, James and Felson, 2009). Aggression has been defined to be behaviors that are aimed at harming other people. Forms of Aggression Impulsive aggression- its is characterized by strong feelings mainly anger. It is usually spontaneous but mostly happens during intense argument. Instrumental Aggression- or predatory. It is characterized by behaviors aimed at realizing huge aims. It is not spontaneous and serves as a means to an end. Aspects contributing to aggression Biotic factors: Men tend to be physically aggressive when compared to women. Studies have established that women rarely engage in physical aggression plus they make use of verbal aggression, and social rejection (Aguilar, Sroufe, & Carlson, 2011). Environmental factor: the way one was brought up plays a significant role. Individuals who grew up in an aggressive environment, tend to consider that aggression and hostility is acceptable (Aguilar, Sroufe, & Carlson, 2011). Surname 2 Physical condition: Epilepsy, dementia, use of drugs, and injury to the brain can cause aggression. Aims of Aggression To show anger and respond to fear Declare supremacy Attain a goal Pain reaction Competing with other people The connection between aggression and psychology Cognitive theorist are of the idea that cognitive schemata that assist one in their mind when it comes to experiences, influences the possibility of an individual turning out to be aggressive (Anderson, 1994). One research among street culture portrayed the way behavior is influenced by "code" that constitutes informal policies on behaviour in public, and the usage of violence in reaction when confronted (Anderson, 1994). The theorist pointed out that witnessing increase the chances of one becoming aggressive. Sigmund Freud came up with Psychoanalysis that is utilized when it comes to comprehending the connection between aggression and psychology. Freud noted that the drive towards aggression is part of Id, section within the brain that triggers behavior, while ego, quashes the impulse towards aggression (Tedeschi, James and Felson, 2009). The clash between different elements of one’s personality brings about constriction, who then results to becoming defensive and hinders conscious realization of the clash Cognitive hypothesis on Aggression Cognitive Neoassociation Theory Surname 3 Cognitive Neoassociation Theory (CNA) altered the annoyance-hostility theory in the context of expanding field relating to connectivity of the neural. presuming notions, feelings, and actions are connected in the associative neural network, Berkowitz (1989) pointed out undesirable sensations such as frustration, or undesirable environments leads to adverse effects, that is neutrally linked to various ideas, emotions, and behavior inclination which are linked connected to fight and flee inclination (Berkowitz, 1989). According to ones attribute and the situation, ones reaction will ultimately outshine, with dominant ‘fight’ reaction linked to rage and raises possibility of bringing about aggressive behavior. Top-order processes such as developing attributions in connection to the motive of the other person or reasoning about the outcomes of an hostility reaction may force one to regulate the urge to aggression in this theory (Berkowitz, 1989). Script hypothesis Script hypothesis stresses on using scripts for one’s action (same to the script of an actor) through direct experiences. In the event the scripts get encoded within ones minds, the script define particular situations and provide directions of resolving them. Within the script hypothesis, a person facing certain circumstances initially assesses the script which is tied with the situation, presumes the part within the script, analyzes possible results when the script is used, and if assessed accurately, then the person behaves based on the script (Berkowitz, 1989). If one at all times reacts to conflicts based on the scripts that includes been aggressive, such scripts are easily accepted in the mind and they become spontaneous and hence are utilized in other situations and which, increases the chances of one become aggressive in different situations. Social Information Processing (SIP) theory Surname 4 The hypothesis focuses on how people perceive the actions of other people and develop conclusions based on their intentions (Doge, 1980). A vital aspect of the hypothesis revolves within hostile attributional prejudice. This prejudice has been studied and discovered to predict aggressive behaviors (Doge, 1980). Surname 5 Works Cited Aguilar, B., Sroufe, L.A., Egeland, B., Carlson, E.. Distinguishing the early-onset/ persistent and adolescence-onset antisocial behavior types: from birth to 16 years. Developmental Psychopathology 2011, 12, 109–132. Berkowitz, L.,. Frustration-aggression hypothesis: examination and reformulation. Psychological Bulletin 1989, 106, 59–73. Dodge, K.A.,. Social cognition and children’s aggressive behavior. Child Development , 1980, 51, 620–635. Tedeschi, James T., and Richard B. Felson. Violence, aggression, and coercive actions. American Psychological Association, 2009.