Nathaniel Wanjala

DEDANKI MATHIUNI VERSI TYOFTECHNOLOGY SCHOOLOFENGI NEERI NG DEPARTMENTOFELECTRI CALANDELECTRONI CENGI NEERI NG. BSc.TELECOMMUNI CATI ONANDI NFORMATI ONENGI NEERI NG. PROJECTPROPOSAL PROJECTTI TLE:ABI OMETRI CFI NGERPRI NTSAFELOCKWI THALARM AND SMSNOTI FI CATI ON BY :NATHANI EL. N.WANJALA-E-/ 2013 :I RENEJEPCHI RCHI RNG’ ETI CH-E-/ 2013 Apr oj ectpr oposalSubmi t t edt ot heDepar t mentofEl ect r i calandEl ect r oni cEngi neer i ng i npar t i alf ul f i l l mentoft her equi r ement sf ort heawar dofdegr eeofBachel orofSci encei n Tel ecommuni cat i onandI nf or mat i onEngi neer i ng. 3RDAUGUST2017 DECLARATI ON Thi spr oj ectpr oposal i souror i gi nal wor kexceptwher edueacknowl edgementi smadei nt he t ext , andt ot hebestofmyknowl edgehasnotbeenpr ev i ousl ysubmi t t edt oDedanKi mat hi Uni v er si t yofTechnol ogyoranyot heri nst i t ut i onf ort heawar dofadegr eeordi pl oma. I RENEJEPCHI RCHI RNG’ ETI CH E-/ 2013 Si gned………………………………Dat e………………………………. NATHANI ELNURUWANJALA E-/ 2013 Si gned………………………………Dat e………………………………. ABI OMETRI CFI NGERPRI NTSAFELOCKWI THALARM ANDSMSNOTI FI CATI ON BSc.TELECOMMUNI CATI ONANDI NFORMATI ONENGI NEERI NG. SUPERVI SORCONFI RMATI ON Thi spr oj ectpr oposal hasbeensubmi t t edt ot heDepar t mentofEl ect r i cal andEl ect r oni c Engi neer i ng, DedanKi mat hi Uni v er si t yofTechnol ogy , wi t hmyappr ov al ast hesuper v i sor . Si gned………………………………. . Dat e…………………………… i i Ms.Mat i l daWanj i r u. ABSTRACT Secur i t yhasbeenpl ay i ngakeyr ol ei npl acesl i keof f i ces,banks,homes,l i br ar i es,i nst i t ut i ons e. t . c.i nor dert okeepi nf or mat i onconf i dent i al l ysot hatnoot herunaut hor i zedper soncoul d hav eanaccessont hem.Nowaday s,atev er ypoi ntoft i me,weneedsecur i t ysy st emsf or pr ot ect i onofv al uabl ei nf or mat i on, j ewel r i es, f i r ear msandmoney . Thi spr oj ectpr esent saFi nger pr i ntBi omet r i cSaf el ocksy st em whi chpr ov i dessecur i t ywhi ch canbeusedf orbanks,homes,i nst i t ut i onsandv ar i ousor gani zat i ons.Ther ear eot hermet hods ofv er i f y i ngaut hent i cat i ont hr oughpasswor dbutt hi smet hodi smostef f i ci entandr el i abl e.To pr ov i deper f ectsecur i t yt ot hesaf el ocker sandt omaket hewor keasi er ,t hi spr oj ecti st aki ng hel poft wodi f f er entt echnol ogi es,t hati s,EmbeddedSy st emsandBi omet r i cs.Unaut hor i z ed accessi spr ohi bi t edbydesi gni ngal ockt hatst or est hef i nger pr i ntoft heaut hor i zeduser s. Fi nger pr i nti ssensedbyt hesensorandi sv al i dat edf oraut hent i cat i on.I ft hef i nger pr i ntmat ches, t hesaf edoorwi l lbeopened aut omat i cal l y .Ot her wi se,t hesy st em sendsan smst ot he admi n/ owneri nf or mi nghi m oft heunaut hor i zedaccessat t empt .Thesy st em t hent akesa pi ct ur eoft heunaut hor i zeduserandr ai sesal ar m upont het hi r dat t emptofunaut hor i z ed access.I tal sogener at esl ogconsi st i ngofi nf or mat i onoft hepeopl ewhoat t empt edt oaccess t hesy st em, i ndi cat i ngt het i met heydi dso. i i i TABLEOFCONTENTS Cont ent s DECLARATI ON i i SUPERVI SORCONFI RMATI ON i i ABSTRACT i i i TABLEOFCONTENTS i v LI STOFFI GURES v i LI STOFTABLES v i i 1. 0CHAPTERONE. 1 1. 1I NTRODUCTI ON. 1 1. 2BACKGROUND. 1 1. 3PROBLEM STATEMENT 2 1. 4JUSTI FI CATI ON 2 1. 5OBJECTI VES 3 1. 5. 1GENERALOBJECTI VE 3 1. 5. 2SPECI FI COBJECTI VE 3 2. 0CHAPTERTWO 4 2. 1I NTRODUCTI ON. 4 2. 2LOCKSANDKEYS. 4 2. 2. 1BASI CCONSTRUCTI ON 4 2. 3COMBI NATI ONLOCKS 10 2. 3. 1TYPESOFCOMBI NATI ONLOCKS 11 2. 4ELECTRI CLOCKS 12 2. 5BI OMETRI CLOCKS 12 3. 0CHAPTERTHREE 13 i v 3. 1BLOCKDI AGRAM 13 3. 1. 1FI NGERPRI NTSCANNER. 13 3. 1. 2MI CROCONTROLLER. 15 3. 1. 3GSM MODULE 15 3. 1. 4RS232DRI VERI CMAX232 15 3. 1. 5LI QUI DCRYSTALDI SPLAY. 16 3. 1. 6SERI ALCAMERA 17 3. 1. 7BUZZER. 18 3. 1. 8PCMONI TORSCREEN 18 3. 2FLOW CHART 19 4. 0CHAPTERFOUR. 20 4. 1EXPECTEDRESULTS. 20 4. 2FACI LI TI ES. 20 4. 3BUDGET 21 4. 4TI MESCHEDULE. 22 REFERNCES 23 v LI STOFFI GURES Fi gur e1: ALockCy l i nderCont ai ni ngaPl ug[ 2] 4 Fi gur e2: ATy pi cal Lat ch[ 2] 5 Fi gur e3: Bol t[ 2] 6 Fi gur e4: Bi tKey[ 2] 7 Fi gur e5: Tubul arKey[ 2] 7 Fi gur e6: Lev erKey[ 2] 8 Fi gur e7: Cy l i nderKey[ 2] 8 Fi gur e8: Di skTumbl erLock[ 2] 9 Fi gur e9: Pi nTumbl erCy l i nder[ 2] 10 Fi gur e10: Combi nat i onPadl ock[ 2] 11 Fi gur e11: Combi nat i onSaf eLock[ 2] 12 Fi gur e12: Bl ockDi agr am 13 Fi gur e13: GSM Modul e 15 Fi gur e14: LCDScr een 16 Fi gur e15: Ser i al Camer a 17 Fi gur e16: Buzzer 18 v i LI STOFTABLES Tabl e1: Col orCodef oraSer i al TTLCamer a 17 Tabl e2: Pr oj ectBudget 21 Tabl e3: Ti meSchedul e 22 v i i 1. 0CHAPTERONE. 1. 1I NTRODUCTI ON. Thi schapt erwi l lf ocusont hebackgr oundoft hepr oj ect ,t hepr obl em st at ement ,j ust i f i cat i on andt hepr oj ectobj ect i v es. 1. 2BACKGROUND. Bi omet r i csi st heaut omat edr ecogni t i onofi ndi v i dual sbasedont hei rbehav i or alandbi ol ogi cal char act er i st i cssuchasf i ngerpr i nt s,i r i sf aci alandr et i nalf eat ur es.I ti sat oolf orest abl i shi ng conf i dencet hatonei sdeal i ngwi t hi ndi v i dual swhoar eal r eadyknown( ornotknown) —and consequent l yt hatt heybel ongt oagr oupwi t hcer t ai nr i ght s( ort oagr oupt obedeni edcer t ai n pr i v i l eges) .I tr el i es on t he pr esumpt i on t hati ndi v i dual s ar e phy si cal l y and behav i or al l y di st i nct i v ei nanumberofway s. Bi omet r i csy st emsar e used i ncr easi ngl yt or ecogni ze i ndi v i dual sand r egul at e accesst o phy si calspaces,i nf or mat i on,ser v i ces,andt oot herr i ght sorbenef i t s,i ncl udi ngt heabi l i t yt o cr ossr est r i ct edbor der s.Themot i v at i onsf orusi ngbi omet r i csar edi v er seandof t enov er l ap. Theyi ncl udei mpr ov i ngt heconv eni enceandef f i ci encyofr out i neaccesst r ansact i ons, r educi ng f r aud, andenhanci ngpubl i csaf et yandsecur i t y . Humanr ecogni t i onsy st emshel pi nmaki ngt hechanceofer r ort obemadesmal lt houghnot compl et el yel i mi nat ed.Thesci ent i f i cbasi sofbi omet r i cs—f r om under st andi ngt hedi st r i but i ons of bi omet r i ct r ai t s wi t hi n gi v en popul at i ons t o how humans i nt er act wi t h bi omet r i c sy st ems—needsst r engt heni ngpar t i cul ar l yasbi omet r i ct echnol ogi esandsy st emsar edepl oy ed i nsy st emsofnat i onal i mpor t ance. Thet wobasi coper at i onsper f or medbyagener albi omet r i csy st em ar et hecapt ur eandst or age ofenr ol l ment( r ef er ence)bi omet r i csampl esandt hecapt ur eofnew bi omet r i csampl esand t hei rcompar i sonwi t hcor r espondi ngr ef er encesampl es( mat chi ng) .Thi sf i gur edepi ct st he oper at i onofagener i cbi omet r i csy st em al t houghsomesy st emswi l ldi f f eri nt hei rpar t i cul ar s. Thepr i mar ycomponent sar e“ capt ur e, ”wher et hesensorcol l ect sbi omet r i cdat af r om t he subj ectt o be r ecogni z ed;t he “ r ef er ence dat abase, ”wher e pr ev i ousl y enr ol l ed subj ect s’ bi omet r i cdat aar ehel d;t he“ mat cher , ”whi chcompar espr esent eddat at or ef er encedat ai n or dert omakear ecogni t i ondeci si on;and“ act i on, ”wher et hesy st em r ecogni t i ondeci si oni s r ev eal edandact i onsar eunder t akenbasedont hatdeci si on. I nt hecaseoft hi spr oj ect ,aBi omet r i csaf el ocksy st em wi t hanal ar m,t hef i nger pr i nt sof per sonsaut hor i zedt oaccesst hesaf ear ef i r stofal lcapt ur edandst or edi nt her ef er ence dat abaset her eaf t erwhenev eraPer sonpr esent shi sorherf i nger pr i nt satt hesensor ,t he f i nger pr i nti scapt ur ed, t hemat chercompar est hepr esent edf i nger pr i ntt ot her ef er encedat ai n or dert omakeadeci si on.I ncaset hepr esent edf i nger pr i ntmat cheswi t honeoft hosei nt he r ef er encedat abaset hesaf el ockopens.Ont heot herhand, i ft heydonotmat ch, anSMSi ssent t ot heownernot i f y i nghi m orheroft heat t empt sf ori nt r usi on.Upont het hi r dat t emptbyan unr ecogni z edper son,t hesy st em t akeshi sorherphot oandt heal ar m al sogoesof f .The Sy st em keepsal ogshowi ngal lt heper sonst hathav eaccessedt hesaf eandt het i met hey accessedi t .[ 4] 1. 3PROBLEM STATEMENT Saf es/ st r ongboxeswher ev al uabl esar est or ed,f orexampl e,i nbanks,i ndust r i es,homesand v ar i ousi nst i t ut i onsar et hemai nt ar getf ort hi ev esandf r audst er s.Manypeopl ewi t hsuchev i l i nt ent i onsofacqui r i ngv al uabl esst or edi nsaf est r yev er ywaypossi bl et oaccesst hem.Once t heymanaget oaccesst hem andgetawaywi t ht hev al uabl es, i ti snor mal l yamaj orset backf or t heownerduet omaj orl oses.Thi scal l sf oraneedf orext r emel ysaf emeansofl ocki ngsaf est o cl oseev er ypossi bl el oophol et hatcoul dbeusedbyi nt r uder st oaccessi t scont ent s. TheuseofPasswor dsandPer sonalI dent i f i cat i onnumber shaspr ov edv er yr i skysi ncet heycan bepassedov ert oi nt r uder s.Thi smi ghtbemast er mi ndedbyoneoft heaut hor i zedper sonnel wi t ht heknowl edgeoft hepasswor dpassi ngi tov ert oani nt r uderwhocant henopent hesaf e wi t houtanydi f f i cul t y .Al sot heusesofPadl ocks, swi pecar dsandsuchl i ket echnol ogyar eal so unsaf ecompar edt obi omet r i csaf el ockt hatusesv er ydi st i nct i v ef eat ur esl i kef i nger pr i nt sf or access. 1. 4JUSTI FI CATI ON Byi mpl ement i ngabi omet r i cf i nger pr i ntsaf el ocksy st em wi t hal ar m,t hesy st em wi l lpr ov i dea secur eaccesst osaf es,t hus,pr ev ent i ngi nt r uder sf r om get t i ngaccess.Thi si sbecauseoft he f actt hatt hef i nger pr i nti suni quet oev er yi ndi v i dualandhencecannotber epl i cat edbyanot her 2 userwi shi ngt oaccesst hesaf e. Bi omet r i cf i nger pr i nti dent i f i cat i ont hati susedi nt hi ssy st em i sext r emel yqui ck.Aper soncan bei dent i f i edorr ej ect edi namat t erofsecondst husev ensav i ngont i mer equi r edt oaccesst hat whi chi sv al uabl eandi sst or edi nt hesaf e.Thi smayr angef r om moneyt ov er yi mpor t ant document sorev enf i r ear ms. Wi t ht hesy st em gener at i ngl ogf i l esi ndi cat i ngt het i meandt hei nf or mat i onoft heper sonwho at t empt st oaccesst hesaf e,i tt her ef or ecr eat esacl earanddef i nabl eaudi tt r ai l .Thi si s especi al l yhandyi ncaseofsecur i t ybr eachesbecausey ouknowexact l ywhoi sr esponsi bl ef or i t .Asar esul t , y ougett r ueandcompl et eaccount abi l i t ywhi chcannotbedupl i cat ed. 1. 5OBJECTI VES 1. 5. 1GENERALOBJECTI VE Topr ov i deasecur eaccesst ov al uabl esst or edi nsaf esusi ngbi omet r i cf i nger pr i ntsaf el ock. 1. 5. 2SPECI FI COBJECTI VE • Topr ov i dear el i abl eaccessi dent i f i cat i onsy st em t hatusesf i nger pr i ntast heaccess met hod. • Todev el opast r ong, secur edat abaseoft hedi f f er entaut hor i zeduser soft hesaf es. • Tocomeupwi t hasy st em t hatsendsanSMSnot i f i cat i oni mmedi at el yanat t empt ed i nt r usi oni sdet ect ed. • Todev el opasy st em t hatcapt ur esone’ si magei fat t empt edunaut hor i zedaccesst ot he saf ei sdet ect ed. • Tode v el opasy st em t hatr ai sesanal ar m af t ert hr eeat t empt sofunaut hor i zedaccess. 3 2. 0CHAPTERTWO 2. 1I NTRODUCTI ON. Thi schapt erwi l lf ocusont hel i t er at ur er ev i ew.I twi l li nt r oducet hev ar i ousmet hodsusedf or l ocki ngsaf esov ert hey ear s; l ocksandkey s, el ect r oni cl ockseguseofpasswor ds, swi pecar ds andbi omet r i cs 2. 2LOCKSANDKEYS. Accor di ngt oMar cWeberTobi as,Al ocki ssi mpl yamechani caldev i cef orsecur i ngadoorso t hatonl yakeyoracombi nat i oncanopeni t .Ther ei sav ar i et yofcommonl ocki ngdev i ces whi chwor kdi f f er ent l y .[ 2]I nModer nTi mesweusel ockst osecur eal mostev er y t hi ng—door s, gat es, wi ndows, car s, dr awer s, cashboxes, v endi ngmachi nes, saf es, andev enbi cy cl es. 2. 2. 1BASI CCONSTRUCTI ON Akey oper at edl ockhast heset hr eemai npar t s:( 1)apl ugandt hecy l i ndert hatsur r oundsi t , ( 2) al at chorbol t , and( 3)akey .Let ’ sl ookateachoft hesepar t ssepar at el y . Pl ugs Thepl ug,andt hecy l i ndert hatsur r oundsi t ,i st hecent r alassembl yofakey oper at edl ock,The pl ugi st het ube, whi chcont ai nst hesmal lpar t st hatoper at et hebol torl at ch.Thecy l i nderi st he t ubeassembl yt hatsur r oundsandhol dst hepl ug.Thecy l i nderhol dst hesmal lpar t sf i r ml yi n t hepl ugandpr ev ent st hem f r om spi l l i ngout . 4 . Fi gur e1:ALockCy l i nderCont ai ni ngaPl ug[ 2] Thekey wayi st he“ t unnel ”i nt hepl ugt hatakeysl i desi nt o.Thei nsi deofakey wayi sn’ t compl et el ysmoot h.I nst ead, t hekey wayi sgr oov edandnot chedt oal l owonl yt hecor r ect bl ankt oent er .Wheny oui nser tt hecor r ectkeyi nt ot hekey way ,t hesmal lpar t si nsi det hepl ug mov ei nsuchawayt hatt hepl ugi sf r eedt ot ur n.Asy out ur nt hekey , y ou’ l l t ur nt he pl ugwi t hi t ,l ocki ng( orunl ocki ng)t hedoor .Somekey oper at edl ockshav emor et hanone cy l i nder .Forexampl e,i fy ouwantt obeabl et ol ockadooronei t hersi dewi t hakey ,y oucan i nst al l adoubl ecy l i nderl ock.You’ l l of t enf i nddoubl ecy l i nderl ocksont hedoor sofabusi ness. Lat chesandBol t s Akey oper at eddoorl ockmayhav eal at ch,abol t ,orbot h.Al at chi sapi eceofmet alt hat pr ot r udesoutoft hel ockandf i t si nt oar ecessedspacei nt hedoorf r ame.Thi sr ecessedspace i sast r i ke.Theendoft hel at chi scutatanangl eandi smount edi nf r ontofaspr i ng.Ast he doorcl oses, t hel at chcont act st hest r i ke, pr essesagai nsti t sspr i ng, andsnaps i nt opl acei nt hest r i ke.Thi sl eav est hedoorsecur el ycl osed,butnotl ocked.Toopent hedoor , y ousi mpl yt ur nt hedoor knob. 5 Fi gur e2:ATy pi calLat ch[ 2] Abol ti sal soast r ongpi eceofmet alt hatpr ot r udesf r om al ockt of i ti nt oast r i ke.Howev er ,a bol thasasquar edof fendandi susual l yl ongert hanal at ch, soi tf i t s mor edeepl yandsecur el yi nt oast r i ke.Al so, abol ti sn’ tmount edwi t haspr i ng.I nst ead, abol ti s t hr owni nt ot hest r i keei t herbyt ur ni ngat humbpi ecebyhand, orbyusi ngt he key .Whenabol ti si npl ace, adoori sbot hsecur el ycl osedandl ocked.Thedoorcan’ tbeopened byj ustt ur ni ngt hedoor knob; t hebol tmustbewi t hdr awnf r om t hest r i kef i r stby usi ngakeyort ur ni ngt het humbpi ece. Fi gur e3:Bol t[ 2] Thest r i kei sav i t alpar toft hesecur i t yofanydoorl ock.Ast r i kei samol dedmet alpi ecet hat ’ s f i t t edi nt ot hedoorf r ameandsecur edbyscr ews.Howev er , ast r i kei sonl yasst r ongas 6 t hosescr ews;i ft hescr ewsar eweak,t hel ockcanbedef eat edbysi mpl yki cki ngt hedoori n. Themostsecur est r i kesar eembeddeddeepl yi nt ot hedoorf r ame, addi ngst r engt ht ot he ent i r el ocki ngsy st em Key s Akeyi ssi mpl yt hesmal l ,shapedpi eceofmet alusedt oopenal ock.Ther ear ef i v ebasi ckey t y pes 1.Bi tkey s 2.Bar r el key s 3.Lev erkey s 4.Cy l i nderkey s Eachoft hesekeyt y pesgoeswi t hacer t ai nt y peofl ock.Thebi tkeyi st heol destt y peofkeyand wasoncecommonf orf r ontdoor .Theymayst i l lbeusedf orcer t ai ni nt er i ordoor s( cl oset s, at t i c andbasementdoor s, cabi net s, et c. ) . Fi gur e4:Bi tKey[ 2] Thebar r elkeyi sav ar i at i onoft hebi tkey ,andl i ket hebi tkey ,i sol df ashi onedandr ar el yused any mor e.Bar r el key sar er oundandhol l owedoutatt heend.Weuset hem t oopenchi nacl oset s, i nt er i ordoor s, andsomeol derpadl ocks. Thet ubul arkeyi sonemoder nv er si onoft hebar r elkey .Tubul arkey sar eshor t ,r ound,and hol l owedoutl i ket hebar r elkey , butt heyf unct i onabi tdi f f er ent l y .Theyar eusedi nt hel ockson v endi ngmachi nes, coi noper at edl aundr ymachi nes, andcomput er s. 7 Fi gur e5:Tubul arKey[ 2] Lev erkey sar emadef r om t hi n,f l atpi ecesofst eel .Thesef l atkey shav enogr oov es;t hey ’ r e compl et el ysmoot honbot hsi des.Theyar eusedf orsomesmal lpadl ocksandal sof orsaf edeposi tboxkey s. Fi gur e6:Lev erKey[ 2] Thecy l i nderkeyi st hemostcommont y peofkeyusedt oday .Theyar eusedf ormostf r ontdoor andcarl ocks, aswel l aspadl ocks. 8 Fi gur e7:Cy l i nderKey[ 2] LockMechani sms Al ockmechani sm i ssi mpl yt heassembl yofpar t si nsi det hel ockt hatmakesi twor k.Ther ear e onl yf ourcommonmechani smsusedi nsi demoder nkey oper at edl ocks.Theyar e 1.Thewar dedmechani sm 2.Thel ev ert umbl ermechani sm 3.Thedi sk( orwaf er )t umbl ermechani sm 4.Thepi nt umbl ermechani sm TheWar dedMechani sm Thewar dedl ockmechani sm i st heol destt y peofl ockst i l li nuset oday .Awar dedl ockwor kson av er ysi mpl epr i nci pl e.Thei nt er i oroft hel ockhaspr ot r udi ngr i dgescal l edwar dst hatpr ev ent t hewr ongkeyf r om bei ngi nser t edt ot hr owt hebol t .Fi gur ebel owshowsal ockmechani sm wi t hanedgewar d.Thesecondf i gur eshowsasl otmi l l edont heedgeoft hekey ,whi chal l ows onl yt her i ghtkeyt opassacasewar d. [ 2] TheLev erTumbl erMechani sm Lev ert umbl erl ockshav ef l atmet alpl at est hatmustsl i dei nt opl acef ort hel ockt ooper at e.As t hecor r ectkeyi st ur ned,i twi l lmov et hepl at esj ustenought oal l owt hel ockt owor k.Thef l at desi gnoft hel ev erl ockmakesi tsui t abl ef oruseonschool l ocker s, mai l boxes, l uggage, cash boxes, andsaf edeposi tboxes.Lev erl ocksar emuchmor edi f f i cul tt opi ckt hanwar dedl ocks. 9 TheDi skTumbl erMechani sm Thedi skt umbl erl ockmechani sm i sdesi gnedwi t hakey waysur r oundedbyacy l i nder .The cy l i ndercont ai nsr ect angul armet aldi skst hatcanmov eupanddown.Wheny oui nser tt he cor r ectkeyi nt ot hekey way ,t hedi sksar er ai sedt ot hepr operl ev el ,andt hecy l i nderi sf r eedt o t ur n, openi ngt hel ock. Fi gur e8:Di skTumbl erLock[ 2] ThePi nTumbl erMechani sm Thepi nt umbl erl ockmechani sm i st hemostsecur ei nuset oday .Thepi nt umbl erl ock, l i ket he di skl ock,hasakey waysur r oundedbyacy l i nder .Smal lmet alpi nsal i gni nar ow al ongt he l engt hoft hecy l i nder .Thepi nsar eofdi f f er enthei ght s, andcanmov eupanddownf r eel y .When y oui nser tt hecor r ectkeyi nt ot hekey way , t hepi nsmov et ot hecor r ecthei ght , t hecy l i ndert ur ns, andt hel ockopens.Pi nt umbl erl ocksar ev er ysecur eandar edi f f i cul tt opi ck, t houghnoti mpossi bl e.Fort hi sr eason,aspeci alt y peofhi ghsecur i t ypi nt umbl erl ocki sal so av ai l abl et oday .Suchl ockscont ai nf ourr owsofpi nsandr equi r easpeci alt y peofkey( usual l ya di mpl ekey )t oopen.Hi ghsecur i t ypi nt umbl erl ocksar ev i r t ual l yi mpossi bl et opi ckopen. 10 Fi gur e9:Pi nTumbl erCy l i nder[ 2] 2. 3COMBI NATI ONLOCKS Acombi nat i onl ocki sat y peofl ockt haty ouopenbydi al i ngaser i esofnumber si nst eadof i nser t i ngakey .Combi nat i onl ockshav eanumber eddi alf acewi t haknob.Yout ur nt heknob bot hcl ockwi seandcount er cl ockwi set ocer t ai nnumber sont hedi al .Di al i ngt hepr operser i esof number sr el easest hel ock’ si nt er nal mechani sm, openi ngt hel ock’ sshackl e. [ 2] Fi gur e10:Combi nat i onPadl ock[ 2] Themai npar t sofacombi nat i onpadl ock’ si nnermechani sm ar et hewheel sort umbl er s.Most l ockcombi nat i onscont ai nt hr eet umbl er sandadi alwi t hi t sknob.Wheny out ur nt heknobon 11 t hedi alf ace, y ou’ r eact ual l yt ur ni ngonl yt hef i r stt umbl erunt i li tpr oper l yal i gnswi t ht hesecond t umbl er .Now,t heset wot umbl er st ur nunt i lt heyal i gnwi t ht het hi r dt umbl er .Now,al lt hr ee t umbl er swi l lt ur nasy our ot at et hedi alknob.Onceal lt hr eet umbl er sl i neupcor r ect l y ,t hel ock wi l l open.Whi l esomecombi nat i onl ockshav emor et hant hr eet umbl er s, t heyal l oper at eont hi s samebasi cpr i nci pl e.Combi nat i onl ockspr ov i degr eat ersecur i t yt hankey edl ocks.At hr eet umbl ercombi nat i onl ocki spr act i cal l yi mpossi bl et odef eatbyt r y i ngr andom combi nat i ons. Ther ear eupt oami l l i onpossi bi l i t i es,andonl yonecor r ectone.Acombi nat i onl ockwi t hmor e t han t hr ee t umbl er s wi l lhav e ev en mor e possi bl e combi nat i ons.That ’ s why y ou f i nd combi nat i onl ocksonsaf esandbankv aul t s.Anot heradv ant ageofcombi nat i onl ocksi st hat y oucanchanget hecombi nat i oneasi l y( excepti nt hemosti nexpensi v epadl ocks) .Tomai nt ai n secur i t y ,compani esand st or esf r equent l ychange t he combi nat i onson t hei rsaf eswhen empl oy eesl eav e. 2. 3. 1TYPESOFCOMBI NATI ONLOCKS Ther ear emanyt y pesofpadl ocks,doorent r ysy st ems,andsaf est hatuseacombi nat i onl ock. Somecombi nat i onl ocks,suchast hoseonsaf esorr oomst hatcont ai ncl assi f i edi nf or mat i on, ar econnect edt oaut omat i cl ockt i mer s.Thet i mel ocki ssetf orapar t i cul art i meatwhi cht he l ockopensoral l owsy out ouseacombi nat i ont oopent hesaf e.Suchl ocksar et i mel ocks. Ti mel ockspr ov i deadoubl el ocksecur i t ysy st em.I nbanks, f orexampl e, t het i mer smaybeset t ogoonat5: 00P. M.eachdayandof fat8: 00A. M.I nbusi nesses,t i mel ocksunl ockal ldoor s aut omat i cal l yatacer t ai nt i me,el i mi nat i ngt heneedt ohav easecur i t yof f i ceropeneachdoor f orempl oy ees.Pushbut t oncombi nat i onl ocksr equi r et heusert opr essoneormor ebut t ons t oget herori nasequence.Thecor r ectpr essi ngoft hebut t onsopenst hel ock.Thesel ocksar e mechani cal —t heydon’ tuseel ect r i ci t yt ooper at e. 12 Fi gur e11:Combi nat i onSaf eLock[ 2] 2. 4ELECTRI CLOCKS El ect r i cal l yoper at edl ocksandr el easel at chest y pi cal l yopenwi t hacodenumberpunchedi nt o akeypadorwi t hacar dkey .Thecar dkeyl ockoper at esbyi nser t i ng acodedpl ast i ccar di nt ot hedoorl ock.Thecar dhasamagnet i zedst r i pt hatact uat est hel ock. Thepl ast i ccar dhasamagnet i cst r i pont heback,wheny ousl i det hecar dont hel ock,an el ect r oni cr eaderci r cui tdecodest hei nf or mat i onont hest r i pandchecksf oramat chwi t ha codest or edi nsi dei t , i fi t ’ st her i ghtkey , t heci r cui tact i v at esapower f ulel ect r omagnett hatpul l s abol tsi deway sal l owi ngonet oopent heoor[ 5] 2. 5BI OMETRI CLOCKS Bot ht hemechani calandel ect r oni cl ockshav eonemaj ordi sadv ant aget hati fsomeoneel se hasy ourkey , passwor dorswi pecar dheorshecanopenandst i l l y ourt hi ngs. Thel at estf or msofsecur i t yi ncor por at ebi omet r i cl ocksf eat ur i ngt hi ngsl i kef i ngerpr i ntr eader s andi r i sscanner st hatgr antaccesst oaspeci f i cper son( s)r at hert hananyper sonwhohast he mat chi ngkey .[ 10] 3. 0CHAPTERTHREE Thi schapt erwi l l f ocusont hemet hodol ogyoft hepr oj ect . 13 3. 1BLOCKDI AGRAM FI NGERPRI NTMODULE SM630 MAX232SERI AL LEVELCONVERTER 16X2LCDDI SPLAY MI CROCONTROLLE R TTLSERI AL CAMERA SWI TCHI N G CI RCUI T BUZZER GSM MODULE PCMONI TORSCREEN Fi gur e12:Bl ockDi agr am 3. 1. 1FI NGERPRI NTSCANNER. Thef i nger pr i ntscanneri sanel ect r oni cdev i ceusedt ocapt ur eadi gi t ali mageoft hef i nger pr i nt pat t er n.TheCapt ur edi magei scal l edal i v escan.Thi sl i v escani sdi gi t al l ypr ocessedt ocr eat e abi omet r i ct empl at e( acol l ect i onofext r act edf eat ur es)whi chi sst or edandusedf ormat chi ng. I thasf ourpi ns: 1.Powersuppl y 2.Modul et r ansmi t t er 3.Modul er ecei v er 14 4.Gr ound. Fi nger pr i ntscannerhashi ghadapt at i ont of i nger pr i nt sandeasyt ouseandexpand.I thasl ow powerconsumpt i on.I thasanoper at i ngv ol t ageof4. 3t o6V.TheFi nger pr i ntTempl at e:ar ound 768t empl at es.TheUserFl ashMemor yi s64KBy t e. I tusesSt andar dser i ali nt er f aceTTLl ev elf orCommuni cat i onsi ncei ti seasyt oi nt er f acewi t h t hemi cr ocont r ol l erandr educesi magepr ocessi ngcodi ng.I tgi v esoutser i alTTLout putwhi ch i seasyt opr ocess.I tcanbeeasi l ycont r ol l edbyt hecommandst ogett hedesi r edout put . St age sofFi nge r pr i nt Aut he nt i c at i on Fi nger pr i nti dent i f i cat i on i san aut omat i cpat t er nr ecogni t i on sy st em and consi stoft hr ee f undament al st ages: 1.Dat aacqui si t i on. Thi si st hest agei nwhi chdat a( f i nger pr i nt )i sacqui r edusi ngt hef i nger pr i ntscanner . 2.Feat ur eext r act i on. I nt hi st askt hef eat ur esoff i ngerpr i nt sar eext r act edandst or edal ongwi t hi t sdet ai l si nt he sy st em dat abase.Whent hef i nger pr i nti magesar ef edt of eat ur eext r act i onmodul e,af eat ur e ext r act i onal gor i t hm i sf i r stappl i edt ot hei mageandi t sf eat ur esar eext r act ed. 3.Mat chi ng. Themai nt aski st oaut hent i cat ei dent i t yofaper sonwhoi nt endst oaccesst hesy st em.Thi si s t hedeci si onmaki ngst agei nt hear chi t ect ur e.Theper sont obeaut hent i cat edi ndi cat eshi s/ her i dent i t yandpl aceshi sf i ngeronf i nger pr i ntuseri nt er f acedev i ce. Af i nger pr i nti magei scapt ur edandi sf edt oamat chi ngmodul e.I text r act st hef eat ur esoft he new i mageandmat cheswi t ht heper son’ spat t er nt empl at esst or edi nt hesy st em dat abase. Thepr oposedsy st em consi st sofEucl i deandi st ancebasedmat chi ng. 3. 1. 2MI CROCONTROLLER. 15 Themi cr ocont r ol l ercont r ol sal l t heoper at i onsoft heLCDmodul e, t hebuzzer , t heSer i al camer a, GSM modem andt hef i nger pr i ntr eader[ 1] .Ar dui noUNOi ssui t abl ebecause; 1.I ti seasyt opr ogr am. 2.I thasmanydi gi t al pi nst hatcanbeused. 3. 1. 3GSM MODULE TheGSM Modul ewasusedt osendsmsbyi nt er f aci ngi twi t ht hemi cr ocont r ol l er .A GSM Modul ei sbasi cal l yaGSM Modem ( l i keSI M 900)connect edt oaPCBwi t hdi f f er entt y pesof out putt akenf r om t heboar d-sayTTLOut put( f orAr dui no)andRS232Out putt oi nt er f ace di r ect l ywi t haPC.[ 6] Fi gur e13:GSM Modul e 3. 1. 4RS232DRI VERI CMAX232 PC i ngener alcannotdi r ect l ycommuni cat ewi t hper i pher al st hatar eav ai l abl e.Ther eason behi ndt hi si st hedi f f er encei nt hei rwor ki ngl ogi c.PCgener al l ywor ksi nposi t i v el ogi c.The mi cr ocont r ol l ert hatact ual l yact sast heper i pher alher ewor ksi nnegat i v el ogi c.I tbecomes i mpor t antt ochanget hel ogi cbet weent hem whent heycommuni cat ewi t heachot her .RS232i s v er yi mpor t antf orst andar dser i ali nt er f aci ngwi t hPCwher echangeofl ogi ci sachi ev ed.PC communi cat eswi t hper i pher al st hr oughser i al com1orcom2. 16 MAX232i sani nt egr at edci r cui t .I tconv er t ssi gnal sf r om anRS232ser i alpor tt osi gnal s sui t abl ef orusei nTTLcompat i bl edi gi t all ogi cci r cui t s.I ti sadualdr i v erorr ecei v erandi t conv er t st heRX,TX,andRequestt osendRTSandcl eart osendCTSsi gnal st y pi cal l y .Thi s pr ov i deatout put±7. 5f r om 5vsuppl yv i aonchi pchar gepumpsandext er nalcapaci t or s.Thi s makesi tusef ulf ori mpl ement i ngRS232i ndev i cest hatot her wi sedonotneedanyv ol t ages out si de t he 0V t o +5Vr ange,as powersuppl ydesi gn does notneed t o be made mor e compl i cat edj ustf ordr i v i ngt heRS232 3. 1. 5LI QUI DCRYSTALDI SPLAY. Thedi spl ayuni ti sai medatensur i ngasmoot hi nv ol v ementofuserbydi spl ay i ngt heout come oft heact i v i t yi nv ol v edwher enecessar y .Someoft heout comesi ncl ude;  Accessdeni ed.  Accessal l owed. Fi gur e14:LCDScr een Ther e ar e pi ns al ong one si de oft he smal lpr i nt ed boar d used f orconnect i on t ot he mi cr ocont r ol l er . Ther ear et ot alof16pi ns.Thi si sadi spl aysy st em t hatgi v esauseri nt er f acef ort heusert obe 17 abl et oi nt er actwi t ht hesy st em.I tcont ai ns16col umnsand2r ows.Apot ent i omet eri susual l y connect edbet weenpi n1, 2and3t oadj ustt hecont r astunt i lcl eardi spl ay soft hechar act er si s achi ev ed. 3. 1. 6SERI ALCAMERA Thecamer ai susedt ocapt ur ehi ghr esol ut i oni mages, sendi ngt hem asJPEGt hr ought heser i al por t .I thasaf our pi nconnect orwher et wopi nsar ef ort hepowersuppl y( +5VandGND)and t wof ort heser i alpor t( RXandTX) ,andi ssuppl i edwi t haf ourwi r escabl e( r ed,br own,pur pl e andgr ey )endi ngwi t hf emal ej umper s. Tabl e1:Col orCodef oraSer i al TTLCamer a WI RECOLOR MEANI NG RED RXD( I N) BROWN TXD( OUT) PURPLE GND GREY 5VDC I magesar esav edonanSDcar di nJPEG FORMATf i l eandwer equi r eadedi cat edSDcar d shi el d. 18 Fi gur e15:Ser i al Camer a 3. 1. 7BUZZER. I ti sanaudi osi gnal i ngdev i cewhi chmaybemechani cal ,el ect r omechani calorpi ezoel ect r i c.I t mostcommonl yconsi st sofanumberofswi t chesorsensor sconnect edt oacont r ol l eruni tt hat det er mi nest hesoundpr oducedatapr esett i me.Thesoundi si nt hef or m ofacont i nuousor i nt er mi t t entbuzzi ng orbeepi ng,howev erot her sl i ke mel ody orr ecor ded sound can be pr ogr ammedf or .I tconsi stoft wot er mi nal s;aposi t i v eandnegat i v e.Theposi t i v ei sconnect ed t oa5Vsour ceandt heot hert hr oughanNPNt r ansi st or( col l ect or )whi chact sast heswi t ch mode. Theci r cui tcomesi nt ooper at i onwhenanunaut hor i zedaccessi sdet ect edaf t ert het hi r df ai l ed at t empt , i tsoundsandi tget sdeact i v at edaf t ersomepr edet er mi nedsett i me. 19 Fi gur e16:Buzzer 3. 1. 8PCMONI TORSCREEN Acomput erwasusedf orupl oadi ngt hepr ogr am t ot heMi cr ocont r ol l er .I naddi t i on,i tal soact s aspowersuppl yt ot hemi cr ocont r ol l er .Thepowersuppl i edbyt hecomput ert ot heboar di s+5v , whi chi si deal f ormostdi gi t al ci r cui t s. 3. 2FLOW CHART Thef l owchar tbel owshowst hef l owofev ent sdur i ngaut hor i zat i on.Thi spr ocessi sassumedt o comeaf t ert heuserhasal r eadyenr ol l edhi m /her sel ft ot hedat abase.Thepr ocessbegi nswi t h scanni ngoft hef i nger pr i ntusi ngt heopt i calscanner .I ft her ei samat cht hesy st em checksi f t heuserhast heaccessr i ght st ot hi ssaf e.I fnot , t heuseri sdeni edaccessandansmssentt o t heowner .Af t ert het hi r dat t emptbyanunaut hor i zeduser( t hati s, onewhosef i nger pr i nt sdoes notmat chwi t ht hati nt hedat abase)t hebuzzeri sact i v at edt hendeact i v at edaf t erasett i me andt hecamer at akesapi ct ur eoft hatper son.I ft heuserhast heaccessr i ght st ot hi spar t i cul ar saf eopensandt hepr ocessendst her e. START SCAN FI NGERPRI NT 20 NO NO I S THERE A SENDSMS I STHERE STI LLNO MATCH AFTERTHE THI RD YES YES TAKE PI CTURE NO ACTI VATE ALARM OPENSAFE DEACTI VATE ALARM 4. 0CHAPTERFOUR. 4. 1EXPECTEDRESULTS. Whenonepassest hef i nger pr i ntt hr ought hef i nger pr i ntsensor , t hesensort akesi nt hescanned f i nger pr i nt ,compar esi twi t hwhati spr esenti nt hedat abaseandi fi tf i ndsamat ch,t hesaf e dooropens.Howev er , i ft hef i nger pr i ntacqui r eddoesnotmat chwi t hanyi nt hedat abasedur i ng t hef i r stat t empt , at extmessagei ssentt ot heowneroft hesaf e/ admi n.Af t ert hr eeat t empt sof unaut hor i z edat t empt edaccesst ot hesaf e,api ct ur eoft heper soni st akenandsav ed.The buzzeri st hent ur nedonbutget sdeact i v at edaf t erapr ogr ammedsett i me. Thesy st em al sogener at esal ogconsi st i ngofi nf or mat i onoft hepeopl ewhoat t empt edt o accesst hesy st em, i ndi cat i ngt het i met heydi dso. 21 4. 2FACI LI TI ES. 1.Pr ot eusf orCi r cui tDesi gni ng 2.Ar dui noI nt egr at edDev el opmentEnv i r onment( I DE) .I DEi s a speci alpr ogr am r unni ng on a comput ert hatal l owsone t o wr i t e codes f ort he Ar dui no boar di na si mpl e l anguage dev el opedaf t ert he Pr ocessi ng l anguage.The code i st henupl oaded t o t he boar d by f i r stt r ansl at i ngi ti nt oCl anguageandt henpassedt ot hecompi l ert hat t r ansl at est heCcode t oal anguage under st ood by t hemi cr ocont r ol l er .Theboar d cant henexecut et hecode.To r un t heAr dui no f r om t hecomput er ,t her i ghtdr i v er s mustbei nst al l ed andcommuni cat i onest abl i shedbet weent het wobydet er mi ni ngt he ser i al por tassi gnedt ot heAr dui noboar d. 3.Opt i calsensorsof t war e.Theopt i calsensorsof t war ei susedt omanaget hescanner s Dat abaseandusedt opr oduceneatsket chesoft hei ndi v i dual ’ sf i nger pr i nt s. 4.MySQLdat abase.I ti sadat abaset oolwhi chcr eat esadat abasef ort heuser soft hesaf e l ocksy st em . 4. 3BUDGET Tabl e2:Pr oj ectBudget DESCRI PTI ON QUANTI TY COSTPERUNI T TOTALCOST Pi ezoBuzzer 1 100 100 Ar dui noUnoR3 1 1200 1200 Mi ni at ur eTTLSer i al JPEGCamer awi t hNTSC Vi deo 1 4000 4000 Fi nger pr i ntSensor 1 6500 6500 22 SI M800LV2. 05VGPRSGSM Modul e +Ant enna 1 1800 1800 LCD1601Di spl ayYel l owScr een 1 500 500 Resi st or 2 20 40 NPNTr ansi st or 2 70 140 Br eadboar d 1 200 200 1XSTRI KE38SDOORNC/ NOAccessCont r ol El ect r i cSt r i ke+Moni t or i ng 1 6000 6000 Rel ay 1 500 500 TOTALAMOUNT=20, 980 4. 4TI MESCHEDULE. Tabl e3:Ti meSchedul e MAY JUNE JUL AUGUST SEPTEMBER OCTOBER NOVERMBER DECEMBER Y RESEARCH PROPOSAL WRI TI NG 23 PRESENTATI ON MATERI AL ACQUI SATI ON DESI GNAND I MPLEMENTATI ON TESTI NG PROJECTWRI TEUP FI NAL PRESENTATI ON. REFERNCES [ 1]www. ar dui no. com, [ 12THDecember2013] . [ 2]" ht t ps: / / www. scr i bd. com/ mobi l e/ doc/-/ 02i nt oduct i onToLocksAndKey s#, " [ Onl i ne] . [ 3]" ht t p: / / www. expl ai nt hat st uf f . com/ y al el ock. ht ml , "[ Onl i ne] . 24 [ 4]J.. .Pat o, " Bi omet r i cRecogni t i on: Chal l engesandOppor t uni t i es, "2010.[ Onl i ne] .Av ai l abl e: ht t ps: / / www. nap. edu/ r ead/ 12720/ chapt er / 2#2.[ Accessed8June2017] . [ 5]C.Woodf or d, " LocksandKey s, "[ Onl i ne] .Av ai l abl e: ht t ps: / / www. expl ai nt hat st uf f . com/ y al el ock. ht ml .[ Accessed15Jul y2017] . [ 6]j oj o, " Howt oI nt er f aceGSM Modul et oAr dui noSendandRecei v eSMS, "23December2016. [ Onl i ne] .Av ai l abl e: ht t ps: / / www. ci r cui t st oday . com/ i nt er f acegsmmodul ewi t har dui no. [ Accessed6Jul y2017] . 25