Morris Githinji

 Psychology of learning Student’s Name Institution Affiliations Professor’s Name Date of Submission Question 1 Please describe the three primary systems of memory and the roles they play. Be sure to provide specific examples of how we use each of these systems in our daily lives. Memory encoding is the process through which information from our surroundings reaches our senses in simpler forms of physical or chemical stimuli for the storage process to take place. For example, if a tire bursts, we receive tangible incentives as sound. Storage is the process in which a permanent record is created for the encoded information. It helps in storing information over long periods. Any information encoded is for sure stored. Retrieval is the process in which stored information is brought back into conscious awareness in response to a cue that requires the use of that information. It is a simple task where one remembers information. For example, if someone asks you what you ate for lunch, you will remember because that information was in your memory. Question 2 Explain how psychologists can assess the effectiveness of various forms of reinforcement, and describe which form of reinforcement would persist the longest, and why. Positive, negative, punishment, and extinction are the primary forms of reinforcement. Psychologists can asses the effectiveness of these reinforcements by carrying out tests on individuals with unwanted behaviors to see which action is modified first and by which reinforcement method. Positive reinforcement persists the longest because adding a positive to increase the chances of a particular behavior to occur works best because all parties involved focus on the positives. Punishment can cause other negative responses, such as resentment and anger. Question 3 Describe the methods you use for studying for tests. Which methods seem to work effectively for you? How might interleaving, as described in the video, improve your memory? Visual learning is studying with the aid of pictures or other visual aids. The visual aids help one to recall relevant information that might be associated with them. Secondly, verbal learning is studying while engaging verbally with others. It is learning in both written and spoken words. Verbal learning works best for me as I get to participate in group discussions with others as I can brainstorm that helps me remember easily. Interleaving involves retrieval practice. It causes long term information retention. Through interleaving, the brain's ability to differentiate between concepts get improved. Question 4 Explain your definition of learning, and describe one learning experience you have had using association, consequence, or observation. Learning is the process of acquiring knowledge, skill, or behavior. Associative learning is learning based on a new stimulus. My experience with associative learning was when my guardians gave me extra cash whenever I did well in school, the new stimulus was extra cash, following this new stimulus I have learned to work hard in school for an excellent performance. Through consequence learning, I have learned to be home early as the consequence of being late is me being grounded for not less than a week. Through observation, I have learned to pray before taking any meal as my family prays before any meal. Question 5 Do you believe it is okay to use the promise of a pleasurable consequence or reward to modify your behavior or the behavior of others? Why, or why not? Discuss how your answer compares to that of others in the video. No, this is because of, the promise of pleasurable consequence or rewards can at times be viewed as bribery and once stopped can lead to going back to the unwanted behavior. These methods cannot be relied on to modify behavior in the long run. My view is different from others, as some think that rewarding and promise of pleasurable consequences can change behavior.