Monika Kumar

 Contributions of Leo Vygotsky in the field of Education Leo Vygotsky was a Russian psychologistwho was born in Western Russia in 1896.He was a prolific writer who contributed in the fields of cognitive psychology and child development. He is recognized as “Mozart of Psychology” since he demonstrated his ingenuity by giving diverse theories within a very short span of time. He graduated in law from Moscow State University in 1917. His domain of study was very wide, encompassed physiology, sociology and psychology. Leo Vygotsky, started his career in psychology at Psychological Institute in Moscow as a fellow.His contribution in the field of psychology was remarkable and contributions cannot be overlooked. Unfortunately, Leo Vygotsky tragically had an early demise at the age of 38 years because of tuberculosis, owing to his sudden death many of his theories remained incomplete (Cherry., 2020). Contributions of Vygotsky in Education- Sociocultural Theory This theory was the most important contribution of Lev Vygotsky, it explains the origin of human behavior and every human is shaped by the childhood environment and conditions in which an individual grows up. Vygotsky further elucidated that human development is attributed to the dynamic and active interaction between individuals and the society.Thus, the sociocultural environment of the individual determines emotional and cognitive development. Historical aspects together with social and cultural aspects determine thinking of an individual during adulthood. The manner or interaction varies from society to society and hence the process of teaching and learning. Society influences individuals and individuals in turn influence society(McLeod., 2020). Zone of Proximal Development- This refers to the border or the gap between what the child could learn or do by himself and accomplishment with the help of an adult. This theory is imperative for the today’s scenario as it stimulates independence for problem solving skills and motivate to give the best without frustration or annoyance. In today’s context of education an understanding for this theory is important since education in some societies means only bookish knowledge and making children “book worms”. The environment should be such that children enjoy learning process and learn in a playful manner. For this, Vygotsky gave importance to language development, since language is the stepping stone for any education. Research carried out by Vygotsky reveals the importance of language in the child development, in behaviour and in education. It is because of his efforts that education is taken as a collaborative process where involvement of both teacher and children is essential (Erwin., 2016). More Knowledgeable Other (MKO)- This theory refers that a person with more understanding or a higher level of skill compared to learner, could be a better teacher. Children are keen observers they imitate instructions and acquire knowledge and skills in an improved manner (Loveless., n.d.). Relevance of Vygotsky’s theories for a teacher interested in creating learning environment- Productive and positive learning environment is key to social, emotional and academic success; however, positive learning environment has to be created encompassing safety, trust, respect and authentic conversation. Creation and kind of learning environment is directly related to student’s accomplishment(s). A teacher can create a positive learning environment by- Example 1 Addressing the requirements of students especially the psychological needs encompassing personal power, love and belongingness, novelty, freedom, security and fun. Students are happier in such classes and less behavior issues are observed, students are more involved in learning and positive interactive environment brings greater accomplishments, which is mentioned in Vygotsky’s theories. The theories highlight that performance can be enhanced by appropriate guidance. Example 2- A teacher is desired to create a sense of order and structure where students must know what is expected from them. A teacher must engage the class immediately, collect materials and encourage students to make up the missed work or assignment. Arrange their desks and pair up for collaborative learning as this generates cooperation. For an interactive learning environment, it is imperative that the learners know the teacher and teacher also knows the learners. Through quiz, slideshows and pictures followed by interactions a teacher can understand the psychology of each child. This enables a teacher to shape their personalities and thinking, which according to Vygotsky is imperative in building a strong society, considering education to be pillar of society. Besides imparting congenial and healthy learning environment, a teacher needs to avoid judging or labeling students as this disrupts the learning environment, instead a teacher must adopt means to communicate things in a cognitive manner. For good learning environment it is essential to employ class-building games and activities as it is not only fun but also brings students to the class. A teacher is required to be trustworthy, where students can feel free to discuss their weaker areas and get methods to enhance learning. Moreover, teacher must encourage students and celebrate success appropriately, at the same time should motivate others to work in the direction where they just missed or were not quick to answer. This helps in building positive mindset as per Vygotsky’s theories (Erwin., 2016). Conclusion Vygotsky’s theories play an essential role in creating a congenial, collaborative, safe and caring environment only if the teacher shows empathy and possesses compassionate behavior. Role of teacher and parents to contribute in building stronger society with more understanding and concern for environment, nature and living beings cannot be taken lightly. This is very important especially in today’s busy, competitive, and contemporary world with cut-throat competition and political or other influences. References Cherry, K. (2020). A Biography of Lev Vygotsky, One of the Most Influential Psychologists. Retrieved from Biography of Psychologist Lev Vygotsky (verywellmind.com). Erwin, J. C. (2016). 10 ways Teachers Can Create a Positive Learning Environment. Retrieved From 10 Ways Teachers Can Create a Positive Learning Environment | Free Spirit Publishing Blog Loveless, B. (n.d.). Strategies for Building a Productive and Positive Learning Environment. Retrieved from Strategies for Building a Productive and Positive Learning Environment (educationcorner.com). McLeod, S. (2020).Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Theory of Cognitive Development. Retrieved from Lev Vygotsky's Sociocultural Theory of Cognitive Development | Simply Psychology