Michael Aguilar

All You Wanted to Know About Electrical Laws and Formulas From Ohm’s Law describing the interrelationships between resistance, current, voltage, and power to Kirchoff’s Laws concerning power conservation, the laws governing and describing how electronic devices operate and utilize the electricity we give them are fairly numerous and very difficult for the uninitiated to understand. Add in variables such as “Q” Theory (transistor operation theory), impedance, capacitance and inductance, and these ideas and theories become even fuzzier and harder to understand. Whether you’re wanting to discover and understand this information for your own reasons, or you want to gain a better understanding in order to put a lesson plan together, you’ll read about these laws of electricity and more, and you’ll be given all of the formulas you need to do any type of electrical calculation you may need. You’ll also be given a plethora of information regarding Integrated Circuits (IC) and other types of digital circuits, such as AND and NAND gates. Basic and Advanced Electrical Laws-Ohm, Kirchhoff, and Thevenin There are two basic laws that govern electrical theory. Ohm’s Law , named after Georg Ohm, the man that that discovered the interrelationship of electrical components in electronic circuits, is the main building block of most electrical theory and any circuit analysis. Ohm’s Law deals with the circuit parameters voltage (Volts; E or V), current (Amperage/Amps; I or A), resistance (Ohms), and, power (Wattage or Watts; W or P). If you know two of these values, you can calculate the other two. Kirchhoff’s Law, named after Gustav Kirchhoff, who first postulated it, is also known as the Law of Conservation of Energy/Power. Referenced below, you will find listed information that will help you understand basic electronic theory and how to perform a circuit analysis, with all of the formulas you will need for this. Kirchhoff’s Law will be explained thoroughly. Thevenin’s Theorem for linear electrical networks, will also referenced below. This theorem is named after Léon Thevenin, who re-discovered it after it was originally described by Hermann Helmhotz. Understanding Basic Electronic Theory http://www.brighthub.com/engineering/electrical/articles/71341.aspx Introduction to Basic Engineering Circuit Analysis http://www.brighthub.com/engineering/electrical/articles/71099.aspx The Mathematics of Resistance http://www.brighthub.com/engineering/electrical/articles/3015.aspx Electrical Impedance Explained http://www.brighthub.com/engineering/electrical/articles/47374.aspx Calculating Current, Voltage and Resistance in an Electrical Circuit http://www.brighthub.com/engineering/electrical/articles/117071.aspx Principle of Conservation of Energy in Electrical Engineering – Kirchhoff’s Laws http://www.brighthub.com/engineering/electrical/articles/3131.aspx The Network Theorems - Thevenin’s Theorem http://www.brighthub.com/engineering/electrical/articles/3261.aspx Electrical Circuit Theory and Network Theorems http://www.brighthub.com/engineering/electrical/articles/72920.aspx Understanding Electrical and Electronic Components Electrical devices and circuits are made up of electronic components. Resistors, inductors, capacitors, diodes, and the many types of diodes are examples of typical electronic components. When you’re through with this section, you will have a complete understanding of a variety of these electronic components that make up common everyday electrical devices. Various types of resistors, such as thermistors and potentiometers, and how to determine their resistance, is described below. You’ll also find information regarding capacitance and different types of capacitors, as well as inductors and inductance. The various types of diodes, such as zeners and light emitting diodes (LEDs), will be explained in detail. You’ll also be given information to help you understand the design, use, and function of relays. What is Resistance and Meaning of Resistor Colour Codes http://www.brighthub.com/engineering/marine/articles/37473.aspx About Thermistors http://www.brighthub.com/engineering/mechanical/articles/27687.aspx What is Potentiometer? Potentiometer Used as the Transducer or Sensor http://www.brighthub.com/engineering/mechanical/articles/47389.aspx Potentiometers Explored - Construction & Working Principles http://www.brighthub.com/engineering/electrical/articles/47625.aspx Understanding Capacitors Made Easy http://www.brighthub.com/hubfolio/swagatam-majumdar/articles/66538.aspx The Electric Vessel to Store Charge – Capacitor http://www.brighthub.com/engineering/electrical/articles/4253.aspx Inductive Transducers http://www.brighthub.com/engineering/mechanical/articles/62717.aspx How To Identify A Zener Diode http://www.brighthub.com/engineering/electrical/articles/47672.aspx Understanding Rectifier Diodes http://www.brighthub.com/engineering/electrical/articles/53233.aspx Unique Properties and Uses of Esaki Diode http://www.brighthub.com/engineering/electrical/articles/54640.aspx Guide to Light Emitting Diode (LED) http://www.brighthub.com/guides/light-emitting-diode.aspx How Electrical Relays Function http://www.brighthub.com/engineering/electrical/articles/59410.aspx How to Configure a Relay to an Electronic Circuit http://www.brighthub.com/engineering/electrical/articles/72045.aspx Understanding Transistors and Transistor Operation Before the invention of the transistor in the 1950s, current and voltage switching and amplification was handled by vacuum tubes. But these components were very fragile and easily susceptible to failure from breakage. Transistors are examples of semiconductor devices that use multiple silicone junctions to control the flow of power in a circuit. There are a number of different types of transistors that are designed for different purposes, such as power amplifiers and power switching circuits. Some of these different transistor types are discussed in detail below. Using Transformers in Electrical Engineering http://www.brighthub.com/engineering/electrical/articles/125346.aspx Understanding Simple Transistor Circuits that use the Emitter as the Common Termination http://www.brighthub.com/engineering/electrical/articles/117387.aspx Basic Transistor Circuits For Beginners Explored http://www.brighthub.com/engineering/electrical/articles/66646.aspx Forward Current Gain in BJTs Explained http://www.brighthub.com/engineering/electrical/articles/117851.aspx Integrated Circuits-Devices That Make the World Go ‘Round Integrated circuits (ICs) are semiconductor devices that are basically complex circuits based on miniaturized transistors. These components can be found in almost every type of electrical or electronic device made today. The CPU in your computer is an example of a highly refined and advanced integrated circuit. Listed below you will find a number of topics about integrated circuits. The basics of ICs, including how they’re made is referenced below. You’ll also find information on the major types, or families of ICs, the operation and use of ICs in electronic and electrical design, where and how they’re used. There’s also information listed below about a specific type of IC used throughout your automobile as a sensor, the Hall Effect IC. Referenced below is all you ever wanted to know about complex IC circuits such as gates and flip-flops. Integrated Circuits(IC's) http://www.brighthub.com/engineering/electrical/articles/65297.aspx How are Integrated Circuits Made? http://www.brighthub.com/engineering/electrical/articles/62185.aspx What are the Major IC Digital Logic Families? http://www.brighthub.com/engineering/electrical/articles/61375.aspx Operation and Uses of Integrated Circuits http://www.brighthub.com/engineering/electrical/articles/62529.aspx Where Integrated Circuits are Used http://www.brighthub.com/engineering/electrical/articles/71447.aspx Types, Working Principle of Hall Effect Ics http://www.brighthub.com/engineering/electrical/articles/107450.aspx Gateways of Technology - Learn About Electronic Gates http://www.brighthub.com/engineering/electrical/articles/61224.aspx OR, XOR & NOR Gates Explained http://www.brighthub.com/engineering/electrical/articles/3051.aspx AND, NAND, and NOT Logic Gates Explained http://www.brighthub.com/engineering/electrical/articles/3595.aspx Simple NAND Gate Circuits - Small Electronic Projects http://www.brighthub.com/engineering/electrical/articles/87343.aspx Introduction To Flip-Flops http://www.brighthub.com/engineering/electrical/articles/46360.aspx An Elementary Flip-Flop Circuit Explored http://www.brighthub.com/engineering/electrical/articles/46608.aspx RS & D Flip-Flops http://www.brighthub.com/engineering/electrical/articles/46493.aspx Master-Slave Flip-Flops http://www.brighthub.com/engineering/electrical/articles/47211.aspx JK and T Flip-Flops http://www.brighthub.com/engineering/electrical/articles/46610.aspx