Maryam Aman

Running Head: TECH, SOCIETY, AND CULTURE 1 Students Name Teacher’s Name Course Name Date ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE 2 Artificial Intelligence Decision makers of all the nations need to prepare themselves for the drastic changes that are going around them in terms of technology and what is in store for the future generations. Mobile internet, automation of knowledge, the internet of all things, cloud technology, advanced robotics, autonomous vehicles, next-generation genome, 3D printing, advanced materials and renewable energy sources, are all a result of advancement in technology which is taking over our daily lives (Maniyke, et al, 2013). Another innovation of modern technological advancement is the conception of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Artificial Super Intelligence. These two concepts might seem similar but there is a world of differences between them. Artificial Intelligence needs a number of guidelines so that these machines, who could think for themselves, do not pose a threat for the human race. First and foremost requirement of these machines and robots would be to develop algorithms that would be ‘transparent to inspection’, instead of just being powerful and scalable. In addition to this, these machines also need to be socially functional and follow the ethical and moral values of the society. No matter how much advanced these machines become, they will lack independence; they would always need power back up and memory back up for functioning to their full extent. Present day technological knowledge is being used for making advanced technological progress and development which means the future of technology is dependent on the present technology (Lombardo, N.d.). These new machines comprising and advanced technology should be designed such that the humans do not lose their place in the society and be dominated by the machines that were built by them in the first place, otherwise getting debarred from the society itself would be the next big issue human race would be facing in near future. The society has witnessed great technological advancements in the past couple of decades; a driver-less car was introduced by Google, an Internet of Things made sure every tiny little thing is connected to ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE 3 the Web in the most efficient way possible, people could carry their personal assistants in the form of Siri introduced by Apple, the use of drones for media coverage has become a norm in the present day. These advancements pose a very important question for the people who are trying to get ahead of each other in the race of technological advancements and make sure their company gets to have the biggest profit margin by introducing the latest gadget in the market. The question, however, that needs to be answered is that is this technological advancement in the form of artificial intelligence trying to control the human race or is it the human race that has the upper hand in all these innovative ideas and conceptions. Due to high dependence of human activities on the machines, ethical issues that are related to the decision making responsibilities of these machines need to be addressed by the corporations that are working on the technological advancement of these machines. The human race is on the threshold of next intelligent advancement of computers and their revolution and the incorporation of robotics in our daily life will affect our society with overwhelming intensity. This is why it has become an obligation for the designers of these machines to fix a limit up to which these robots and machines can influence the human life and daily chores and be able to differentiate between the tasks that are purely for humans and the ones that are assigned to robots (Markoff, 2015). Artificial super intelligence is different than artificial intelligence in terms of technological advancements. Some people are of the view that a super intelligent machine may prove to be the last invention of the human race due to the control and power that has been given to these machines and the degree to which humans all around the world will lean on them for getting their jobs done at a faster rate so as to keep up with the speed with which this society is developing and moving forward. Point in case, at this moment, is that this form of advanced technology should be used for the betterment of mankind by putting it to work for scientific research and technological development in medicine and other fields of life that ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE 4 are in need of advanced research. Other fields of study may include more advanced supercomputers, advanced form of artillery that would be able to disarm a nuclear weapon, eradication of different life-threatening diseases, neural or sub-neural studying of an individual brain and application of the identical algorithmic configurations on a computer in a way that perseveres memory and character, invigoration of cryonics patients and use of realistic virtual reality. Advancements such as these would help a lot in overcoming a number of issues that human race is facing at this moment. But it should be kept in mind that this artificial super intelligence should be designed so that it may not share the human inclinations and affinities because humans tend to get ahead of each other in addition to craving power over others. If something like this ever enters the programmed minds of the machines, it would be catastrophic and disastrous for the human race (Barrat, 2013). Now, the question arises: should the development of such an intelligent machine be postponed or speeded up? Every problem that humans of this Earth have ever faced can be solved with the help of such a powerful machine. These problems can range from education, poverty, ailments, pollution, economy, politics, environment degradation and every other thing that has been the cause of human pain and sufferings; super intelligence will be capable of taking care of every kind of problem that crosses paths of such a powerful machine. But the biggest problem that is hindering its development and application is the risk of failing to program it such that its ultimate goal becomes serving the humans and making it a humanitarian machine. This might be achieved by programming the machine to serve only a selected group of people instead of serving the entire humanity, but this would be failure for those who are not included in that particular group of people that are served by the super intelligent machine. This would mean discrimination of humanity on a global scale which would not be acceptable for the ones that are left out of the group that is being served by the machine which would most probably be programmed to serve the elite of the elitist (Kaplan, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE 5 2015). This would cause an uproar which is why such a programming cannot be successful as far as humanizing the machine is concerned. On the other hand, if this machine is programmed erroneously and it ends up having a super goal of producing paperclips rather than serving the human race, it would be a disaster in itself as the machine might try to convert everything present on the face of the Earth into paperclips. This is why the designers of the super intelligent computers and robots need to be careful as to what they plan on feeding in its system because it might turn out to be disaster of massive scale instead of being a success for the human race. This is the most important risk that human race is facing at the moment, but the fact remains that development of super intelligent machines is inevitable, they will be developed some day, but when the day comes, the designers of the machine should be confident about its software architecture, algorithmic composition and the data that is fed into it with the intention of making the world a better place for each and every one of us. It may help the human race by eliminating all the problems of the world no matter how complex and intricate they might be. It might save the world from the risk of advanced nanotechnology being used for military defense or attack which is one of the most severe threats to intellectual life on the earth. This risk might be avoided if super intelligence makes it to the market first, but if advanced nanotechnology gets here first; its consequences could be catastrophic in terms of survival for the humanity on this planet. And in case the human race gets to have the super intelligent machines after being victimized by the advanced nanotechnology, they would still be at risk for survival if the super intelligent computer fails to serve its purpose for the humanity. Therefore, it is better to have a super intelligent computer that is programmed according to the needs of the human beings rather than be a victim of the technology that was intended to serve its creators (Bostrom, 2003). The use of algorithms is the basic, most important component of artificially intelligent machines and robots. These algorithms enable the computer to connect to database through ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE 6 the server and find out the movies, books, music, literature, medicine and every other thing that we are looking for. These machines ultimately learn the preferences of the user and provide what the user is looking for; this is the mechanization of discovering the needs of the user for which the computer programs itself (Domingos, 2015). As much it scares people to have their lives controlled by artificially intelligent machines present in their surroundings, it is equally fascinating to know that these machines are here to serve them in the possible ways. As far as business is concerned, artificial intelligence can help in provision of innovative business solutions for corporations that are under financial stress or are lacking in business strategies for attracting consumers. It can also help them in improving their knowledge about their customers and making it easier for them to deal with them once the organization knows the preferences of their clients and improve the mode of communication between the company and the clients. Artificially intelligent computers can even substitute an entire sector in a company once it is programmed to do the tasks that were once assigned to the employees of that particular section. These features of intelligent computers are adding to the popularity of these computers at a pace faster than the one that was anticipated for its success and application in the market (Cunningham, 2015). Other practical uses of artificially intelligent machines are; mapping of a 3D journey for visitors so that data driven perceptions can be created for them, enabling the internet to become more intelligent, increase in productivity of employees, decrease in cost, contentment of clienteles, increase in revenue, and facilitation in many other fields of everyday life. A technology called Footpath technology has been developed by Path technology who is aiming to improve the interaction between their clients and employees and increase the level of satisfaction of their clients by combining data about their clients from numerous sources and to do a critical analysis of their clients’ behavior and predict their choices and preferences. Footpath then collects data related to these consumers and establishes a meaningful pattern ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE 7 that helps in predicting consumer’s behavior while acquiring services of their company. This technology can do wonders for companies that are looking for increasing their sales and getting profit margin of gigantic scales. Improvement of user-experience is the main focus for the companies that are bent on improving their internet association and making it even more intelligent for the sake of enhancing the interaction with consumers. Huge amounts of data are being crunched into small units that are not detectable by human beings while going about their daily lives. This data is then analyzed and used by the computers so as to make their communication with the clients more accurate and intelligent in terms of their preferences and choices. The sole aim of this innovation is to make the internet more intelligent so that clients may be able to do their dealings with the corporations quickly and efficiently. This innovative idea is working on the distributed software architecture parallel computational hardware. Other than this, enhanced business intelligence has also played its part in improving the competence and effectiveness of their business operations by incorporation of artificial intelligence in their computer systems. It has also help in reduction of cost of the company by simply substituting whole divisions of the company which has proved to be a direct advantage to their bottom line. This has helped in saving cost of equipment, employees and services that were needed for them and their operations in addition to improving the productivity graph of the company. Replacement of whole departments with intelligent computers has changed the face of businesses by improving the response and throughput time for the clients and lesser lay-offs. The quality of information being transferred has improved and has become more precise than ever before. It has helped in enhancing the experience of the customers and the organizations alike as it helps in getting through to the needs and choices of the clients easily and quickly due to which the clients develop a preferential behavior towards that particular company and opts for business dealings with the same company over and over again. Complaint resolution ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE 8 has also improved due to the enhanced system of dealings through the use of artificial intelligence in these companies and the complaining clients have converted into dedicated consumers. This improvement in technology has not only benefitted the clients only; it has done wonders for the employees who are now able to get more work done in lesser time. They are now able to make important business decisions in lesser time and that too, very efficiently. This has enabled the information repositories to learn about their clients and understand their preferences and choices in a better way in addition to making them comprehend the information about their clients more easily and assist them quickly. In addition to this, they can also offer those recommendations regarding new promotions and services that their company might be offering based on the preferences of the clients (Dervojeda, et al, 2013). The list of innovations and improvements because of the use of artificial intelligence does not stop here, it goes on and on. It can be used positively for making life easier or it can be used negatively to make this earth battlefield. Mobile internet, automation of knowledge, the internet of things, cloud technology, advanced robotics, autonomous vehicles, nextgeneration genome, 3D printing, advanced materials and renewable energy sources, are all a result of advancement in technology which is taking over our daily lives. These new machines comprising and advanced technology should be designed such that the humans do not lose their place in the society and be dominated by the machines that were built by them in the first place, otherwise getting debarred from the society itself would be the next big issue human race would be facing in near future. These advancements pose a very important question for the people who are trying to get ahead of each other in the race of technological advancements and make sure their company gets to have the biggest profit margin by introducing the latest gadget in the market. ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE 9 Due to high dependence of human activities on the machines, ethical issues that are related to the decision making responsibilities of these machines need to be addressed by the corporations that are working on the technological advancement of these machines. The human race is on the threshold of next intelligent advancement of computers and their revolution and the incorporation of robotics in our daily life will affect our society with overwhelming intensity. Artificial super intelligence is different than artificial intelligence in terms of technological advancements. Some people are of the view that a super intelligent machine may prove to be the last invention of the human race due to the control and power that has been given to these machines and the degree to which humans all around the world lean on them for getting their jobs done at a faster rate so as to keep up with the speed with which this society is developing and moving forward. It is better to have a super intelligent computer that is programmed according to the needs of the human beings rather than be a victim of the technology that was intended to serve its creators. This is why it has become an obligation for the designers of these machines to fix a limit up to which these robots and machines can influence the human life and daily chores and be able to differentiate between the tasks that are purely for humans and the ones that are assigned to robots. The use of algorithms is the basic, most important component of artificially intelligent machines and robots. These algorithms enable the computers to connect to database through the server and find out the movies, books, music, literature, medicine, food recopies and every other thing that we are looking for. Other practical uses of artificially intelligent machines are; mapping of a 3D journey for visitors so that data driven perceptions can be created for them, enabling the internet to become more intelligent, increase in productivity of employees, decrease in cost, contentment of all the clienteles, increase in revenue, and facilitation in many other fields of everyday life. ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE 10 It all depends on the person using it. For better or worse, this technology is here to stay so we might as well use it for the betterment of the society rather than destruction of this universe. ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE 11 References Barrat, J. (October 1, 2013). Our Final Invention: Artificial Intelligence and the End of the Human Era. Thomas Dunne Books; 9.1.2013 edition. Bostrom, N. (2003). Ethical Issues in Advanced Artificial Intelligence. Int. Institute of Advanced Studies in Systems Research and Cybernetics. pp. 12-17. Bostrom, N. and Yudkowsky, E. (2011). THE ETHICS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE. Cunningham, B. (2015, September 30). How Artificial Intelligence Could Make Business More Human. Retrieved from http://www.forbes.com/: http://www.forbes.com/sites/baldwincunningham/2015/09/30/how-artificialintelligence-could-make-business-more-human/ Dervojeda, K., Verzijl, D., Nagtegaal, F., Lengton, M. and Rouwmaat, E. ( September, 2013). Big Data. Artificial Intelligence. European Union. Netherlands. Domingos, P. (September 22, 2015). The Master Algorithm: How the Quest for the Ultimate Learning Machine Will Remake Our World. Basic Books. Kaplan, J. (August 4, 2015). Humans Need Not Apply: A Guide to Wealth and Work in the Age of Artificial Intelligence. Yale University Press. Lombardo, T. (N.d.). Information Technology and Artificial Intelligence. Manyika, J., Chui, M., Bughin, J., Dobbs, R., Bisson, P. and Marrs, A. (May, 2013). Distruptive Technologies: Advances that will Transform Lives, Business and Global Economy. McKinsey Global Institute. McKinsey & Company. ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE 12 Markoff, J. (2015). Machines of Loving Grace: The Quest for Common Ground Between Humans and Robots. Ecco.