Marko Veckov

 Racism and Its Effect in America Student’s name Institutional Affiliation Racism and Its Effect in America In this paper we will examine structural and cultural characteristics of racism in today’s America, but we will also discuss its background. Starting from post Civil-War period, we will showcase how the face and image of racism had changed with the times. We will provide sources, that will help us in presenting the idea of structural and cultural characteristics of today’s racism. Alsultany, E. (2012). Arabs and Muslims in the Media: Race and Representation After 9/11. New York and London: New York University Press. The author describes lack of sympathy towards Arabs and Muslims in the American media, after the 9/11 attacks, where there were cases of racism towards those who looked Arabic. Writer starts with the showcase of Muslim representation in the American media before 9/11 attacks and after that asks the question of influence of race on relations with Muslim citizens. The question remains to be answered: Whether or not sporadic positive depictions of the Arabs in the media were carefully masked? The author is an Associate Professor at University of Southern California (LA) on Department of American Studies and Ethnicity. Dei, G. J., & McDermott, M. (2014). Politics of Anti-Racism Education: In Search of Strategies. Springer Science + Business Media Dordrecht The book deals with the tough issue of practice of anti-racism. Mr. Sefa Dei is known researcher of anti-racist methods in education, while Ms. Mcdermott is renown sociologist. The book gives us brief guidelines on how to educate future members of the communities to recognize racism and to confront it. Writers place policies of anti-racism in the area of Media Representations, Coalition Buliding and Representation and Autoethnography. The purpose of this book is, therefore, to actively search for the strategies for the purpose of critical anti-racist education and transformation of the communities general view on race. Higginbotham, F. M. (2013). Ghosts of Jim Crow: Racism in Post-Racial America. New York and London: New York University Press. The awarded writer and law professor at University of Maryland, who teaches on the subject of Race and the Law, gives us an insight into post Jim-Crow era of discriminatory laws and practices. He argues that such laws legacy is still evident in the “post racial” America in its economic, educational, legal and social practices. Despite the fact that America had its first black President, the racism, though not open as before, still remains an issue in the American society, now being the one of structural kind, nature and ideas. (2013). In P. Mason, Encyclopedia of Race and Racism (pp. 261-265). Michigan: Macmillan Reference USA. Patrick Mason is university professor of political economy and director of African-American Studies Program. The election of first Afro-American President was a crucial moment in the environment of social, economic and demographic changes. Despite, first initial praise by various structures of society, this election just confirmed the everlasting presence of structural racism and color-blind ideologies. In the article, author shows Mr. Obama’s rise to national importance, while dealing with the issue of race and his exotic historical background, in an environment of still on-going cultural and structural racism. . Love, E. (2017). Islamophobia and Racism in America. New York: New York University Press Erik Love teaches sociology courses on race and racism at Dickinson college in Pennsylvania. In this book Erik Love explores the racialization of identities of Muslims and Arabs in America. Love gives us a historical view on islamophobia, as well as modern look at civil rights organizations in battling with it. By providing insight into their methods of battling injustful order, he points out on its still present structural and cultural nature. Pasek, J., Krosnick, J. A., & Thompson, T. (2012). Voting and Racism. academia.edu. Josh Pasek is the professor of communications, Jon Krosnick is teaching politics and Trevor Thompson is a prominent researcher in the fields of politics and sociology. The authors from the Universities of Stanford, Michigan and Chicago argue in this article, that anti-black racism had slightly increased since 2008 and election of Barack Obama as president. They claim that it has been present amongst his political rivals as well as members of his own party. Author’s claim, is that the people with anti-black attitude were far more less enthusiastic when mr. Obama was elected, than those pro-black oriented voters. They point out that physical or cultural representation of someone is still important in the American society, and even the public life. Ponds, K. T. (2013). The Trauma of Racism: America's Original Sin. Reclaiming Journal. The author of this article, worked for many years with children of color and is familliar with their battle with trauma, caused by mistreatment due to racial belonging. This article provides us the insight, on how we can battle such conditions that still exist in the American society, and that at the same time confirm the presence of racism. The author briefly describes steps towards racial and mental healing. The racism is understood as an attack on our fundamental values and safety, and must be confronted. The writer suggests practice and mental confrontation with these five steps or shifts towards psychological and mental healing. Yellin, E. S. (2013). Government Workers and the Color Line in Woodrow Wilson's America. The University of North Carolina Press. Erik S. Yelin is the history professor at Richmond University. The author reminds us of, where black men and women’s struggle was 50 years after the abolishment of slavery and the end of the Civil-war. According to the writer, in 1913 several hundred of them were clerks in national service and were a reminder of that struggle. With this historical view, the writer remind us of the historical background of today’s racism. It was this administration, that established and institutionalized segregation, racism and white supremacy order. Yelin gives us an insight on 19th century black labor and social mobility, and explains Wilson’s administration justification for shaping that world according to their agenda. He also points out to individual politicians, who created the segregation as well as the ideas behind it. References Bibliography (2013). In P. Mason, Encyclopedia of Race and Racism (pp. 261-265). Michigan: Macmillan Reference USA. Alsultany, E. (2012). Arabs and Muslims in the Media: Race and Representation After 9/11. New York and London: New York University Press. Dei, G. J., & McDermott, M. (2014). Politics of Anti-Racism Education: In Serach of Strategies. Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht. Higginbotham, F. M. (2013). Ghosts of Jim Crow: Racism in Post-Racial America. New York and London: New York University Press. Love, E. (2017). Islamophobia and Racism in America. New York: New York University Press. Pasek, J., Krosnick, J. A., & Thompson, T. (2012). Voting and Racism. academia.edu. Ponds, K. T. (2013). The Trauma of Racism: America's Original Sin. Reclaimng Journal. Yellin, E. S. (2013). Government Workers and the Color Line in Woodrow Wilson's America. The University of North Carolina Press.