Marie Alexandrine Truchassou

CULTURAL MODELS « It is not our differences that divide us. It is our inability to recognize, accept and celebrate these differences » - Audre Lorde M. Truchassou Promotion 2020/2021 INTRODUCTION As part of the HR trends, diversity and inclusion implies the workforce to become more and more diverse and as such, intercultural differences become more and more significant in the daily work of HR. The purpose of this presentation is to present you the different models so that, you can consider, anticipate these intercultural differences and adjust your communication styles and strategies depending on the audience. Of course, every individual is different but we are more influenced by our culture that we could ever imagine, and usually you discover these challenges while working abroad or whithin an international environment. You need to understand and control these topics in order to transform these challenges in situations where you can bring an added value from your understanding of these concepts but as well from your personal experience. International HR is intrinsically the adjusted performance of HR within an environment of different cultures. M. Truchassou Promotion 2020/2021 COURSE MAP 1. Geert Hofstede model 2. Trompenaar’s and Hampden Turner’s Cultural Models 3. Additional videos M. Truchassou Promotion 2020/2021 SECTION 1 : GEERT HOFSTEDE MODEL « Culture is the collective programming of the mind which distinguishes the members of one group from another » - Geert Hofstede M. Truchassou Promotion 2020/2021 Hofstede has demonstrated that there are national and regional cultural groupings that affect the behavior of organizations and that are very persistent over time. He has identified 5 dimensions of cultural influence : M. Truchassou Promotion 2020/2021 Geert Hofstede model M. Truchassou Promotion 2020/2021 1- POWER DISTANCE M. Truchassou Promotion 2020/2021 POWER DISTANCE Definition 1 : Degree to which the less powerful members of society expect there to be differences in the level of powers Definition 2 : refers to the acceptability of power differentials within a society. In every society, there are those who are powerful and those who are powerless. Societies differ with respect to whether this power difference is considered as acceptable or unacceptable M. Truchassou Promotion 2020/2021 POWER DISTANCE  High Power distance : expectation that some individuals wield larger amounts of power than others Example : Latin America, Arabic Nations, France  Low power distance : view that all people should have equal rights Example : Scandinavian and German Countries M. Truchassou Promotion 2020/2021 IMPACT OF POWER DISTANCE  High Power distance : obedience to authority is expected, language is filed with power or hiearchy indicators – autocratic behavior from people expected to have power  Low power distance : emphasis is on challenging decisions, autonomy and independance M. Truchassou Promotion 2020/2021 MAP OF POWER DISTANCE M. Truchassou Promotion 2020/2021 2- INDIVIDUALISM VERSUS COLLECTIVISM M. Truchassou Promotion 2020/2021 INDIVIDUALISM VERSUS COLLECTIVISM Individualism refer to the extent to which people are expected to stand up for themselves or alternatively, act predominantly as a member of the group or organization M. Truchassou Promotion 2020/2021 INDIVIDUALISM  Highly individualistic culture : the individual is the most important unit  Self reliance  Not building strong ties among people  Decisions are based on individual needs Example : the USA, Commonwealth, France to a certain extent M. Truchassou Promotion 2020/2021 COLLECTIVISM  Highly collectivistic culture : the group is the most important unit  Automatic assumption that the individual belongs to the group  Loyalty to the group (nuclear family, extended family, caste, organization)  Building strong ties among people from the group to create cohesion  Decisions are based on what is the best for the group but strong differentiation with other groups  Expectation that the group is taking care of the individual Example : Latin America, South Asia M. Truchassou Promotion 2020/2021 MAP OF COLLECTIVISM / INDIVIDUALISM M. Truchassou Promotion 2020/2021 3- MASCULINITY VERSUS FEMINITY M. Truchassou Promotion 2020/2021 MASCULINITY VERSUS FERMINITY It adresses how a society perceives role differences between men and women and how these differences should impact their roles and activities. M. Truchassou Promotion 2020/2021 MASCULINITY  Assumption that there should be specific occupation for males and females and that social gender roles are clearly distinct  Tough values such as assetivenesss, accomplishment, success and competition prevail over more « tender » values such as empathy, supportivenesss and maintaining relationships  Accumulation of wealth and material possessions is valued Example : Japan, Austria, Italy M. Truchassou Promotion 2020/2021 FEMINITY  Minimization of the distinction Male / Female  Valuation of relationships and quality of live over money and material possessions  Social Accommodation Example : Scandinavian Countries, France to a certain extent M. Truchassou Promotion 2020/2021 MAP OF MASCULINITY / FEMINITY M. Truchassou Promotion 2020/2021 4- UNCERTAINTY AVOIDANCE M. Truchassou Promotion 2020/2021 UNCERTAINTY AVOIDANCE It reflects the degree of tolerance people have for ambiguity and whether they feel threatened by certain situations. M. Truchassou Promotion 2020/2021 HIGH UNCERTAINTY AVOIDANCE  Prefer rules (religion, food for example) and structured circumstances  Employees tend to remain longer with their employer  More resistant o change and often characterized by more elaborate rituals / religion practices.  Structure is deisgned to avoid risk and promote security Example : Greece, Japan, Peru, France M. Truchassou Promotion 2020/2021 LOW UNCERTAINTY AVOIDANCE  Tend to accept competition and conflict  Tolerate dissent and deviance  They perceive risk as unevitable and have a greater tolerance for ambiguity Example : Singpore, Denmark and Sweden, India, the UK, China M. Truchassou Promotion 2020/2021 MAP OF UNCERTAINTY AVOIDANCE M. Truchassou Promotion 2020/2021 5- LONG TERM VERSUS SHORT TERM ORIENTATION M. Truchassou Promotion 2020/2021 LONG TERM VERSUS SHORT TERM ORIENTATION It describes a society’s « time horizon » or the importance attached to the future versus the past and present. M. Truchassou Promotion 2020/2021 LONG TERM ORIENTATION  Long term orientation is called as well « Flexhumility »  The world is that it is in flux, and preparing for the future is always needed  Long term orientation with a preference to adapt and solve problems in different ways depending on the circumstances  Thrift and perseverance are valued more Example : Russia, China, Commonwealth countries to a certain extent M. Truchassou Promotion 2020/2021 SHORT TERM ORIENTATION  Short term orientation is called as well « Monumentalism»  The world is essentially as it was created, so that the past provides a moral compass, and adhering to it is morally good  Respect for tradition and reciprocation of gifts and favors are valued more Example : Maghreb countries M. Truchassou Promotion 2020/2021 MAP OF LONG TERM VERSUS SHORT TERM ORIENTATION M. Truchassou Promotion 2020/2021 6- INDULGENCE VERSUS RESTRAINT M. Truchassou Promotion 2020/2021 INDULGENCE VERSUS RESTRAINT It refers whether a society focuses of the enjoyment of life and the gratification of desires (indulgence) or on strict social norms that suppress gratification (restraint) M. Truchassou Promotion 2020/2021 INDULGENCE  Appreciation of freedom,  Doing what your impulses want you to do, is good.  Friends are important and life makes sense Example : Commonwealth countries, South America M. Truchassou Promotion 2020/2021 RESTRAINT  Duty is considered as the root of life,  Life is hard and it is normal Example : Russia, China M. Truchassou Promotion 2020/2021 MAP OF INDULGENCE VERSUS RESTRAINT M. Truchassou Promotion 2020/2021 To get direct access to all the maps displayed in this section, please follow the below link : Hofstede culture maps M. Truchassou Promotion 2020/2021 SECTION 2 : TROMPENAAR’S AND HAMPDEN-TURNER’S CULTURAL MODELS « The International Manager reconcile cultural dilemmas » - Fons Trompenaar M. Truchassou Promotion 2020/2021 Trompenaars and Hampden-Turner created a model that derived 7 orientations/ Attitudinal dimensions toward time and the environment. The dimensions are as follows : M. Truchassou Promotion 2020/2021 Please read the below link which explains fully the 7 dimensions : 7 dimensions M. Truchassou Promotion 2020/2021 SECTION 3 : ADDITIONAL VIDEOS « Culture is the collective programming of the mind which distinguishes the members of one group from another » - Geert Hofstede M. Truchassou Promotion 2020/2021 Mandatory videos Cultural difference in business | Valerie Hoeks | TEDxHaarlem How Culture Drives Behaviours | Julien S. Bourrelle | TEDxTrondheim Riding the waves of culture: Fons Trompenaars at TEDxAmsterdam 10 minutes with Geert Hofstede... on Power Distance (you can watch other dimensions as well in separate videos) M. Truchassou Promotion 2020/2021 Non Mandatory videos The Perception of Belonging M. Truchassou Promotion 2020/2021