John Kinyua

 LEADERSHIP & HUMAN CARING PEMISE NAME INSTITUTION Caring theory was developed by Watson. It concerns how nurses care for their patients as well as how the care advances to better strategies thus resulting in better health thus averting diseases and restoring health. The nursing model states that demonstration and practising of care can be done by the nurses. This theory will focus on Watson’s Human Caring Theory, the way it can be applied in leadership and administration, the strategies that can be employed by the administrators to apply care, application of innovative care model and the areas that can be researched on to improve the applicability of the theory. Theories, ethics and philosophies of nursing science have undergone evolution within the last couple of decades. The field of nursing science in academics is one of those fields that have largely been affected leading to a disconnection between nursing practices and nursing theory (Revels, Goldberg, & Watson, 2016). The theory guided model in the past years has experienced special attention from various scholars around the world since it has been viewed as the principal of professional nursing. The search for authentic practices by the practitioners in this field has gained prominence since it is essential in providing support to their work life. These changes have been initiated by the shortage of professionals, nursing despair over system demand and inefficiency of professionalism of human care in both the society and the systems. A critical trait that nurses should possess is compassion in the field of nursing. This is because the core reason for being a nurse is to take care of the needs of the patients. The nursing model states that demonstration and practising of care can be done by the nurses (Revels, Goldberg, & Watson, 2016). With the care for the patients, growth is promoted, and the environment created leads to the acceptance of the person regardless of who he is and focuses on who the person becomes in future. There are four major concepts in the philosophy and science of caring which includes: health, human beings, nursing, and society or environment Application of the Theory in Leadership Caring premise was developed by Watson. It concerns how nurses care for their patients as well as how the care advances to better strategies thus resulting to better health thus averting diseases and restoring health (Nyberg, 2016). Leadership in nursing is one of the issues that has been of concern to many people due to the numerous problems that even spill to the patients. There exists the nursing care model being one of the models that are applied in the matters relating to nursing and leadership. These models focus on procedures and task rather than caring which means that they do not solve the existing problem. Solving the problem does not necessarily focus on which model to be applied but on the behaviour of the nurses and staffs as well as how the administrators in the nursing sector apply and administer care to their nurse staff (Nyberg, 2016). The Association of Medication in the US recommended that nurses should make constant preparations in order to be able to adopt changes that can change Medicare in the United States. (Pajnkihar, 2017). The report also states that strong leadership in every level of the nursing field is important if the objective of making a transformation in the healthcare sector will be reached. The current environment has seen the nurses being placed in leadership situations with their competency or skills not being considered in the fight against the existing problems as well as the other existing organizational requirements. Much nursing leadership literature is focusing on the competency, the roles and the impact of nursing executives and managers with the issue of the nurses who assume the frontline leadership being less focused on. The literature recommends that the nurses who find themselves in the leadership should be possessing the skills required in the professional liabilities and accountabilities under the act of nursing practices (Pittman, 2015). The issue of assuming leadership has frequently been occurring thus bringing with it some major problems that impact negatively on the sector (Pajnkihar, 2017). Since Watson’s theory is all about care, we should understand that care is not only confined to the relationship between the nurses and the patients. It’s very relevant in the issue of dealing with staff nurses and the other involved parties in the context nurses leaders can demonstrate care which allows for improvement of the care for the patient’s environment. This can be done through emphasis regarding the behaviour of caring for patients in the nursing division (Nyberg, 2016). How Care Can Be Applied In the Situation Nursing administration consists of the usual processes of, evaluation, implementation, planning and assessment. To apply care, some issues must be considered. Also, some strategies must be adopted. These strategies include; Set Goals This should be done to improve the behaviour of how the nurses administer care to their patients, as well as how care trickles down from the administration to the subordinates. There should always be something that one is aiming for. Therefore setting goals and doing everything that one can to achieve these goals is very relevant (Nyberg, 2016). Assessment By assessing how the nurses go about their tasks, it has been discovered that nurses are always involved in the implementation of procedures and tasks rather than the application of care. It is rare for those at the top (administrators) to apply care in organizational culture. It was also discovered that Caring in the nursing practices is never supported by the nursing delivery models. Planning Caritas process can be applied by the administrators on the nurse’s staff. Nyberg, (2016) states that there are five attributes for the nursing administrators that can enable them to exhibit care consistently. These include the prioritizing capabilities, self-worth, frankness and sincerity, obligation as well as aptitude to demonstration potential. Ability to comprehend and grow such traits enable provides the administrators with a chance of being exemplary to the others in the profession and cultivate it care as a norm in their areas of work. Commitment revolves around the interest of the person as well as possession of the knowledge that that person should have. Self-worth is relevant I the process of care promotion and emphasizes the essence of the nurse administrators to take their jobs as a priority, to make a reflection of caring tactic and to inspire caring chances (Nyberg, 2016). The administrator can be time conscious and make a structure of time such that the administrator can be in touch with the subordinate and share in their feelings. This can be done via directly dealing with the staff committee, open staff meetings and making rounds as well as being infrequently involved in the patient’s conditions. Being a nursing administrator, one can then begin to display care to all these parties thus fostering a character of care as a norm in the institution Openness is also another way that care can be fostered in a nursing environment (Nyberg, 2011). It involves soliciting comments, listening, asking the right questions, reading nonverbal cues and being patient as one waits for the answers. A critical aspect of being open involves the responses of the administrators to the people they are communicating with. The responses should always be positive rather than negative which allows people to risk being open to the administrators or the nurses. It also focuses on how the administrators can easily focus on many individuals’ reality of the people and the group that they daily interact with (Nyberg, 2016) Applying the Innovative Care Model Which Emphasizes On Caring The model which was a pilot study was developed to apply caring as a guide for integration of advanced therapeutics, evidence and theory in the field of children pain (Nyberg, 2016). The model is known as “The Attending Nurse Caring Model (ANCM)” conducted as evidence-based, the science of nursing care, conjecture directed as well as cooperative exercise framework which is pragmatic administration on the post-surgical unit on the 37th bed. The knowledge of human behaviours such as the unity of body, spirit and mind is critical in helping humans to have empathy and compassion which then translates to taking care for fellow humans (Van, 2014). Within the ANCM is the ANC (Attending Caring Nurse) that takes various responsibilities such as the assessment of caring needs in a comprehensive manner, assuring and overseeing comprehensive care plan, ensuring and establishing a caring relationship with the families and patients among others. In an ANMC model, the nurse administrator is charged with some responsibilities which include: support and promotion of research that is essential in the provision of healthcare services, ensuring of a healthy relationship as well as having the data that documents these relationships among nurses healing outcomes. It also focuses on patient-nurse satisfaction having experimented on new projects that foster excellent healing and caring, provision of leadership in the implementation, evaluation as well as experimentation model in the process of caring that is based on the theoretical, philosophical values among others (Brousseau, Cara,& Blais, 2017). Evaluation It can be done through the use of some tools such as the Nyberg assessment scale, caring behaviours nursing scale, caring anility inventory, caring behaviour checklist, caring assessment tool among other methods and tools of evaluation (Nyberg, 2016). Ares of More Research in Jean Watson’s Human Caring Theory Watson’s definitions of terms keep on changing. Rather than focusing on a pathophysiological aspect of nursing, she largely focuses on the psychological aspect. In her elucidation of concrete phenomena, she makes use of ordinary language in a very ordinary manner. With all these aspects, the theory seems to be more of a being aspect than doing. The aspect of “being” is different among individuals and this is not taken into consideration in theory. Therefore, more research can be carried out to determine the actual definition of different terms rather than relying on some definitions that may end up conflicting. The aspect of “being” can also be widely researched on so that individuals can find a way to fight with the inner self that pulls them against working according to the theory hence all the nurses and administrators can be able to work commonly in administering care to each other. Watson’s theory is critical in both nursing administration and nursing practices. It helps in understanding the way caring works in the process of finding solutions for problems associated with management as well as solving individual cases. The nursing managers can employ some element of care to the other staff indicating that the administrators are open, recognize the meaning of self-worth and have the ability to bring out their potential. Watson’s caring model will hopefully be able to solve problems relating to administration, nursing staffing and nursing care delivery. References Brousseau, S., Cara, C. M., & Blais, R. (2017). A Humanistic Caring Quality of Work Life Model in Nursing Administration Based on Watson's Philosophy. International Journal for Human Caring, 21(1), 2-8. Nyberg, J. (2016). A caring Approach in Nursing Administration. Retrieved at:books.google.co.id/books?isbn=- Pajnkihar, M., McKenna, H. P., Štiglic, G., & Vrbnjak, D. (2017). Fit for Practice: Analysis and Evaluation of Watson’s Theory of Human Caring. Nursing science quarterly, 30(3), 243-252. Pittman, P., Bass, E., Hargraves, J., Herrera, C., & Thompson, P. (2015). The future of nursing: monitoring the progress of recommended change in hospitals, nurse-led clinics, and home health and hospice agencies. Journal of Nursing Administration, 45(2), 93-99. Revels, A., Goldberg, L., & Watson, J. (2016). Caring Science: A Theoretical Framework for Palliative Care in the Emergency Department. International Journal for Human Caring, 20(4), 206-212. Van Bogaert, P., van Heusden, D., Timmermans, O., & Franck, E. (2014). Nurse work engagement impacts job outcome and nurse-assessed quality of care: model testing with nurse practice environment and nurse work characteristics as predictors. Frontiers in psychology, 5, 1261.