Helen Storms

! ! ! Team!461!WBI!Robotics!Safety!Manual! WBI!Robotics!is!proactive!as!a!leading!FIRST!robotics!team!in!its!safety!observations!and!practices.! It!is!the!goal!of!this!manual!to!acquaint!all!team!members!with!the!proper!safety!practices!and! objectives!in!all!areas!of!robotics!provided!by!the!Safety!Team.! !It!is!the!responsibility!of!the!Safety!Captain!and!the!Safety!Team!to!educate!all!team!members!about! the!safety!requirements!of!WBI!Robotics.! The!importance!of!safety!should!be!recognized!by!all!team!members.!! Accident!prevention!shall!be!an!integral!part!of!every!team!activity.! !! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Page!|!2!! ! Table!of!Contents! SECTION!1:!General!Safety!Rules! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 4! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 4!! 4!! 5!! a. Policy!on!PPE!! ! ! ! ! b. Categories!of!PPE! ! ! ! SECTION!3:!Safety!Management!Organization! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 5!! 5! 7!! a. Safety!captain! ! ! ! b. Safety!team! ! ! ! SECTION!4:!Safe!Behaviors!and!Practices! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 7! 7!! 8! a. General!safety!rules! b. Robot!repair!rules! SECTION!5:!Lifting! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 8! 8! 9! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 9! 9! 10! a. General!power!safety! ! ! ! ! ! b. Tips! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! c. Electrical!cables,!power!surge!protectors,!extension!cords! SECTION!7:!Setting!Up!Marketing!Displays! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 10!! 10! 10!! 11! a. Indoor!displays! ! b. Outdoor!displays! c. Ladder!safety! ! SECTION!8:!Lockout!Tagout! a. Key!objectives! ! ! ! b. General!requirements!for!members! SECTION!2:!Personal!Protective!Equipment! ! ! ! a. Rules!of!lifting! ! ! b. Proper!body!mechanics!! SECTION!6:!Battery!and!Power!Rules! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 11! 11! 11! 12! a. Tagout!devices! ! ! b. Lockout!devices!! ! SECTION!9:!Safety!Emergencies!! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 12! 12!! 13!! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 13! 13!! 14! 15! a. b. c. d. Battery!spill! ! ! Fire! ! ! ! Minor!medical!emergency! Major!medical!emergency! ! ! Page!|!3!! ! SECTION!1:!General!Safety!Rules! All#members#of#Westside#Boiler#Invasion#Team#461#are#to#uphold#Purdue#FIRST#rules#and#stipulations.#It#is# of#utmost#importance#to#follow#the#safety#rules#and#guidelines#that#are#laid#out#in#this#manual,#as#well#as# to#follow#OSHA#guidelines.# 1. All!team!members!will!recognize,!appreciate,!and!respect!Team!461’s!safety!rules!and! guidelines.!! 2. All!team!members!will!wear!personal!protective!equipment!(PPE)!whenever!necessary!or! appropriate.!! 3. All!team!members!will!respect!Team!461!Safety!Program,!Safety!Manual,!and!its!Safety!Team.! ! The!Key!Objectives!of!Team!461’s!Safety!Program!are:! ! 1. Ensure!that!every!participant,!staff!member,!Mentor,!parent/legal!guardian,!visitor,!and! observer!has!a!safe,!enjoyable,!and!injury!free!preseason,!build!season,!and!competition!season.! ! 2. Motivate!Team!461!members!and!other!team’s!members!to!learn!and!follow!safe!group!and! individual!practices!as!a!life!skill.! ! Members!of!Team!461!are!required!to:! ! 1. 2. 3. 4. Always!listen!and!follow!the!Safety!Captain’s!and!Safety!Team’s!instructions!and!tips! Perform!and!maintain!safe!behaviors!! Maintain!a!clean,!organized,!and!safe!physical!condition!of!their!working!environment! !Always!wear!proper!PPE! !! SAFETY!IS!EVERYONE’S!RESPONSIBILITY!! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Page!|!4!! ! SECTION!2:!Personal!Protective!Equipment! Personal#Protective#Equipment#(PPE)#is#intrinsically#important#in#preventing#and#minimizing#accidents# and#injuries.#Each#activity#or#machine#requires#a#unique#combination#of#PPE#to#ensure#safety.# Appropriate!Clothing! When!working!or!observing!within!fifty!feet!of!a!machine!or!tool,!pants!(defined!as!an!item!of! clothing!which!covers!the!legs!and!ankles!with!each!leg!having!a!separate!tubular!piece)!must!be! worn!at!all!times.! Loose,!baggy!clothing,!hooded!sweatshirts,!and!apparel!with!dangling!strings!or!cords!are!not! permitted!within!ten!(10)!feet!of!a!machine!or!tool.! When!working!or!observing!within!ten!(10)!feet!of!a!machine!or!tool,!jewelry!of!any!kind!is!not! allowed!unless!approved!by!the!Safety!Captain.!Specifically,!jewelry,!such!as!items!located!around! the!wrist,!fingers,!and/or!neck,!can!pose!a!significant!danger!and!have!the!potential!to!cause!harm! to!the!wearer!and!others!locally.!Studded!earrings!are!an!exception!as!long!as!they!have!been! approved!by!the!Safety!Captain.! Eye!Protection! Based#on#OSHA#29#CFR#-# 1. Safety!Glasses!with!side!shields!meeting!ANSI!Z87.1!are!required!within!fifty!feet!or!eyesight! of!a!machine!or!tool!and!are!to!be!worn!at!all!times.! 2. Only!clear!and!yellow!tinted!safety!glasses!are!allowed.! 3. When!gas!welding!and!burning,!burning!goggles!with!plastic!plates!on!both!sides!are! required!and!must!have!a!No.!3!density!rating!or!higher.! 4. Chemical!splash!goggles!are!required!within!10!feet!of!exposed!chemicals.! 5. Safety!Glasses!are!also!required!within!fifteen!(15)!feet!of!any!soldering,!wire!cutting,!or! work!involving!power!and!electricity.! Emergency#Eyewash#–#Based#on#OSHA#29#CFR#-(c)# Where!the!eyes!or!body!of!any!person!may!be!exposed!to!injurious!corrosive!materials!such!as!battery! acid,!suitable!equipment!for!quick!drenching!or!flushing!of!the!eyes!and!body!shall!be!provided!within! the!work!area!for!immediate!emergency!use.! Face!Protection! Based#on#OSHA#29#CFR#-# 1. Full!face!shields!are!required!for!all!power!chipping,!grinding,!and!sawing.! 2. Full!face!shields!are!required!when!handling!molten!plastic,!metal,!tar,!caustics,!and!other! molten!materials.! ! ! Page!|!5!! ! ! Hearing!Protection! 1. In!any!area!where!noise!levels!exceed!80!dBA,!hearing!protection!is!required.! 2. In!any!area!where!exposure!of!75b79!dBA!exceeds!8!hours!a!day,!hearing!protection!is! required.! 3. Hearing!protection!is!required!within!twenty!(20)!feet!of!any!chop!saw,!reciprocating!saw,! and!circular!saw.! Foot!Protection! Team!members!are!required!to!wear!closebtoed!shoes!(defined!as!an!outer!covering!of!the!foot! with!a!stiff!sole)!within!fifty!(50)!feet!of!any!tool!or!machinery.! Steelbtoed!boots!are!a!good!idea,!but!are!not!required.! Hand!Protection! Based#on#OSHA#29#CFR#-# 1. Use!appropriate!hand!protection!when!hands!are!exposed!to!hazards!such!as:!from!skin! absorption!of!harmful!substances,!severe!cuts!or!lacerations,!severe!abrasions,!punctures,! chemical!burns,!thermal!burns,!harmful!temperature!extremes,!and!sharp!objects.!Each! affected!person!who!faces!possible!bodily!injury!of!any!kind!that!cannot!be!completely! eliminated!through!engineering,!work!practice!or!administrative!controls!must!wear! appropriate!hand!protection.! 2. Latex!gloves!are!required!when!working!with!an!injured!person!or!when!working!with!bodily! fluids.! Hair!Protection! 1. Long!hair!should!be!protected!by!a!hair!net!or!other!means!to!prevent!it!from!becoming! entangled!in!moving!parts.! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Page!|!6!! ! SECTION!3:!Safety!Management!Organization! Team!461!is!known!for!going!above!and!beyond!the!safety!requirements!of!the!FIRST!program.!The! Team! 461!safety!structure!is!comprised!of!a!Safety!Captain!and!a!Safety!Team!that!works!with!the!captain.! ! Safety!Captain! During!prebseason!and!buildbseason,!this!is!the!“go!to!person”!for!safety.!The!Safety!Captain!is! responsible!for!managing!the!MSDS!catalog.!They!are!responsible!for!coordinating!safety!training! sessions!and!ensuring!that!the!entire!team!follows!and!understands!the!team!safety!rules.!This!person!is! also!in!charge!of!the!other!safety!leads!and!keeps!them!organized.! During!the!competition,!the!Safety!Captain!becomes!the!Pit!Safety!Manager.!He/she!is!in!charge!of! safety!practices,!distribution!of!safety!media,!and!promoting!safety!awareness!to!rookie!teams!and! event!onlookers.!It!is!the!Pit!Safety!Manager’s!responsibility!to!ensure!that!everyone!is!working!in!a!safe! and!controlled!environment,!even!in!the!heat!of!competition.!! Safety!Team! The!Safety!Team!is!composed!of!461!team!members!from!the!various!groups.!Ideally!one!person!from! each!group!is!represented!on!the!safety!team!as!needed.!The!safety!team!will!conduct!educational! sessions!with!the!various!groups!or!as!a!whole!in!order!to!ensure!all!461!team!members!understand!the! safety!requirements.! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Page!|!7!! ! SECTION!4:!Safe!Behaviors!and!Practices! Unsafe#situations#can#occur#at#any#time.#It’s#important#to#uphold#a#safe#environment#by#eliminating# possible#hazards,#staying#focused,#and#maintaining#safe#behaviors#and#a#positive#attitude#about#safety.# General!Safety!Rules!-. Use!safe!work!practices.! Have!a!positive!attitude!towards!safety,!projects,!team!members,!and!tools.! Thoroughly!communicate!actions!and!ideas!to!nearby!persons.! Discourage!horseplay.! Know!the!name,!location,!and!proper!usage!of!hand!tools,!power!tools,!machines,!and!guides.! Be!mindful!of!your!attitude,!actions!and!feelings,!as!well!as!those!of!others.! Plan!ahead!to!avoid!unsafe!situations!when!transporting!materials!in!a!working!environment.! Assist!other!teams!and!team!members!with!safety!concerns!or!issues.! Request!that!visitors!and!observers!follow!these!rules.! ! Robot!Repair!Rules! 1. 2. 3. 4. Always!wear!proper!PPE.! Have!control!over!the!robot!at!all!times.! Communicate!with!everyone!about!when!the!robot!is!on!or!about!to!move.! Never!work!on!the!robot!when!it!is!powered!on,!activated,!or!when!there!is!stored!potential! energy.! 5. Stay!out!of!the!path!of!the!robot!and!its!appendages.! 6. Keep!fingers,!hair,!tools,!and!wires!out!of!gears,!transmission!boxes,!wheels,!sprockets,!and!out! of!the!path!of!pneumatic!devices,!rotating!devices,!oscillating!devices,!chains,!belts,!and!pinch! points.! 7. Frequently!check!the!robot!for!sharp!edges!and!pinch!points!and!if!found,!ensure!that!they!are! properly!labeled!or!remedied.! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Page!|!8!! ! SECTION!5:!Lifting! Based#on#OSHA#Safety#Recommendations.# Rules!of!Lifting! 1. Always!listen!to!the!Lift!Coordinator.!Do!not!attempt!to!move!the!robot!or!a!heavy!object!until! they!have!given!the!command.! 2. Plan!ahead!on!what!will!be!done!with!the!robot!or!its!carrier!after!it!has!been!lifted.! 3. Use!proper!body!mechanics!when!lifting!the!robot!or!any!heavy!object.! 4. Wear!gloves!when!lifting!objects!with!hard!or!sharp!edges!in!order!to!prevent!finger!or!hand! damage.! 5. Estimate!the!weight!of!the!object!by!tilting!it!up!slowly.!If!it!is!hard!to!move,!it!is!too!heavy!to! lift.!Find!someone!to!assist!you!in!your!lift,!or!use!a!lifting!aid.! 6. Keep!the!object!you!are!lifting!as!close!to!your!body!as!possible.! 7. Avoid!twisting!your!back!as!you!lift.!Instead,!move!your!feet!to!turn.! 8. Keep!a!firm!footing!and!plan!your!route!to!avoid!tripping!hazards.! 9. When!possible,!attach!handles!and!caster!wheels!to!heavy!or!awkward!objects.!Objects!with! lifting!handles!and!caster!wheels!can!reduce!the!strain!on!your!back!and!make!the!job!easier.! Proper!Body!Mechanics! “Lift!with!your!legs,!not!with!your!back.”!Keeping!your!back!straight!and!placing!the!bend!at!the!legs! increases!lift!strength!and!reduces!the!chances!of!pulling!back!muscles.!Failure!to!comply!with!this!rule! can!result!in!long!term!injury.! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! safetysupplywarehouse.com! Page!|!9!! ! SECTION!6:!Battery!and!Power!Rules! General!Power!Safety! Safe#practices#involving#power#and#batteries#can#help#to#avoid#serious#injuries.#Safe#power#procedures# protect#against#the#chance#of#electrocution#which#can#lead#to#serious#injury#and/or#death.#Taking#good# care#of#batteries#avoids#acid#spills.#It#is#essential#to#know#how#to#take#care#of#all#of#your#electrical# equipment#properly.# 1. Keep!an!eye!out!for!electrical!problems!or!symptoms!of!poor!electrical!management.!For! example,!dimming!of!lights,!blown!fuses,!frequent!circuit!breaker!trips,!etc.!! 2. When!supplying!additional!light!to!an!area,!be!sure!to!use!light!bulbs!that!are!of!the!proper! wattage!for!the!fixture.!Keep!flammable!objects!away!from!the!appliance.!Degraded!wires!in! and!around!the!fixture!can!be!a!telltale!sign!that!the!bulb!wattage!is!too!high.!! Battery!and!Power!Rules! 1. Know!the!location!and!path!of!all!wires!and!power!cords!that!carry!electrical!current.!! 2. Have!a!set!location!for!robot!batteries!and!create!an!organized!battery!charging!station.!! 3. Keep!batteries!in!the!battery!box!while!charging.!This!keeps!them!out!of!the!way!and!eliminates! tripping!hazards.!! 4. Keep!a!record!of!which!batteries!are!charged!and!which!are!not.!Use!this!record!when! determining!which!battery!to!use!on!the!robot!during!a!competition.!! 5. Insert!plugs!into!a!battery's!connector!after!the!battery!is!fully!charged.!The!battery!plug!serves! as!a!flag!to!easily!show!which!batteries!are!charged!and!stops!any!electrical!leaks!that!can! sometimes!occur!when!a!battery!has!remained!off!of!a!charger!for!a!long!period!of!time.!It!also! prevents!unwanted!contact!and!discharge!of!the!battery.!When!it!is!ready!to!be!used,!simply! pull!the!plug!out!of!the!connector!before!installing!the!charged!battery!into!the!robot.!! 6. Keep!unused!battery!plugs!near!the!battery!chargers.! 7. Make!sure!everyone!carries!the!battery!by!the!base!and!sides!and!are!not!carrying!them!by!the! lead!wires!or!wire!connectors.!Carrying!the!battery!improperly!can!result!in!loose!connections.! 8. Frequently!inspect!the!batteries!to!check!for!loose!connections!at!the!battery!posts!and!at!the! connector.!Loose!connections!on!battery!lead!wires!lose!FIRST!matches!and!present!an!electrical! danger!to!those!handling!the!robot.!! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Page!|!10!! ! SECTION!7:!Setting!Up!Marketing!Displays! Setting!up!an!Indoor!Display! 1. Ensure!that!the!display!does!not!block!emergency!exits!or!limit!evacuation!efficiency.!The! display!should!create!a!safe!and!enjoyable!working!atmosphere.!! 2. Verify!that!the!display!is!stable!on!its!own.!! 3. Anchor!the!display!to!the!floor!or!attach!it!to!a!wall!or!support!structure!using!appropriate! hardware!whenever!possible.!! 4. Shelving!and!display!edges!should!have!no!sharp!corners!or!edges!and!must!be!rated!to!support! the!amount!of!weight!intended!for!them.! 5. Place!objects,!particularly!heavy!objects,!as!far!back!as!possible!from!the!front!end!and!make! sure!that!they!are!properly!secured.!! 6. Place!electrical!cords!in!a!safe!and!organized!manner!so!that!they!will!not!cause!tripping! hazards,!be!accidentally!snagged,!and!are!out!of!the!reach!of!children.!! 7. !If!leaving!the!display!unattended,!remove!items!that!might!tempt!children!to!climb!or!tamper! with!the!display.!! 8. All!flammable!or!combustible!items!should!not!be!in!contact!or!close!range!of!hot!devices.!! 9. Make!sure!the!display!follows!all!rules!listed!under!the!power!and!battery!rules!section.!! ! Setting!up!an!Outdoor!Display! 1. Keep!all!of!the!following!objects!at!a!reasonable!distance!away!from!power!lines!at!all!times.! ● Banners! ● Ladders!! ● Tools! ● Flags! ● Robots!! ● Vehicles! 2. Never!assume!that!an!overhead!power!line,!power!cable,!or!extension!cord!is!electrically! insulated.!It!is!safer!to!assume!that!coming!in!contact!with!any!power!carrying!device!could!be! lethal.!! 3. Properly!ground!all!metallic!poles,!masts,!and!support!structures!in!accordance!with!electrical! codes.!! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Page!|!11!! ! SECTION!8:!Lockout!Tagout! Based!on!OSHA!-(c)!! Lockout/Tagout#is#a#program#designed#to#protect#people#from# hazardous#energy#sources#on#machines#and#equipment#during# service#and#maintenance.# # Locks,!tags,!chains,!wedges,!key!blocks,!adapter!pins,!selfblocking! fasteners,!or!other!hardware!are!provided!to!those!authorized!to! use!equipment.!All!parts!are!meant!for!securing!or!blocking!the!use! of!machines!or!equipment!from!use!during!maintenance.! ! Lockout:!Placing!a!locking!device!to!prevent!use!of!equipment!until!removal!of!the!device!itself! Tagout:!The!action!of!placing!a!lockout!device!on!a!piece!of!equipment! Tagout!Devices! Tagout!devices!warn!against!hazardous!conditions!if!the!machine!or!equipment!is!“On”!and!includes!a! legend!such!as!the!following:!! Do!Not!Start.! Do!Not!Open.!! Do!Not!Close.!! Do!Not!Energize.!! Do!Not!Operate.! Tagout!devices,!including!their!means!of!attachment,!are!substantial!enough!to!prevent!accidental! removal,!and!can!only!removed!by!hand,!selfblocking,!and!therefore!nonbreleasable.!! Tagout!devices!are!typically!of!nylon!material!and!can!withstand!up!to!50!pounds!of!force.! Lockout!devices!! Lockout!devices!are!substantial!enough!to!prevent!removal!(unless!using!unusual!techniques,!such!as! with!the!use!of!bolt!cutters!or!other!metal!cutting!tools).!! Lockout/Tagout:!Standardized! Lockout!and!tagout!devices!shall!be!standardized!within!the!facility!in!at!least!one!of!the!following! criteria:!! Color;!shape;!or!size;!and!additionally,!in!the!case!of!tagout!devices,!print!and!format!are!also! standardized.! Picture!Credit:!Seton!Signs,!Labels,!and!Safety!Solutions!–!A!Brady!Corp.! Page!|!12!! ! SECTION!9:!Safety!Emergencies! What#to#do#in#case#of#an#electrical,#chemical,#or#medical#emergency.# Battery!Spill! 1.!AVOID!ALL!PHYSICAL!CONTACT!WITH!THE!ACID.!The!acid!is!corrosive!and!can!cause!severe!damage!to! skin.! 2.!Inform!a!Mentor!or!the!Safety!Captain.! 3.!The!mentor!or!Safety!Captain!who!cleans!up!the!spill!must!wear!rubber!gloves!and/or!must!have! training!in!how!to!dispose!of!hazardous!material!and/or!neutralize!it! a. Neutralize!the!battery!acid!with!baking!soda.! Fire! 1.!Evacuate!all!nonbnecessary!personal!and!spectators!from!the!area/building! a.!Notify!a!Mentor!or!Safety!Captain!so!they!may!extinguish!the!fire! 2.!Mentors/Safety!Captains:!Use!the!correct!type!of!fire!extinguisher!(see!below),!and!if!possible!use!an! ABC!fire!extinguisher! a.!Tell!pit!admin!or!local!authorities! 3.!Disconnect!the!equipment!from!all!power!sources! 4.!After!the!fire!is!out,!check!for!fire!damage!on!the!equipment!and!surrounding!area! SAFETY!HAZARD:!Objects!that!survive!the!fire!may!be!hot.! Types#of#Extinguishers:# A!–!ashes!:!used!for!wood!fires! B!–!boiling!:!used!for!oil!fires! C!–!circuits!:!used!for!electrical!fires! Note# b!There!are!several!major!sources!of!fires,!including!but!not!limited!to:!Wood;!electrical;!oil;!plastic;! kitchens;!and!etc.!! b!There!are!three!components!that!make!up!a!fire:!oxygen,!heat!and!fuel.!! How!to!stop!a!fire:!! a. Remove!oxygen!by!blocking!the!fire!off!(place!a!lid!on!a!burning!pan),!remove!heat!by!water! or!cold.!! b. Remove!fuel!by!having!the!fire!consume!it!all,!or!separating!fuel!source!from! mechanical/electrical!fires.! Page!|!13!! ! b!Water!doesn’t!always!extinguish!fires!and!in!some!cases,!may!make!it!worse.!Analyze!the!source!of!the! fire!and!speak!with!a!Mentor!or!Safety!Captain!before!use!of!any!materials!to!handle!a!fire.! All!Medical!Emergencies! For!all!Medical!Emergencies,!contact!a!team!First!Responder.!! b b b Communicate!with!victim!if!they!would!like!your!assistance!before!assisting!unless!they!are! unconscious.!If!the!victim!is!unconscious,!you!can!assist!them!without!their!consent.! !Check!the!area!that!the!victim!is!in!to!be!sure!that!you!or!the!victim!will!not!be!further! injured.!This!is!especially!true!of!electrical!hazards!and/or!moving!equipment.! Use!personal!protective!equipment!(PPE)!to!prevent!disease!transmission!if!in!contact!with! bodily!fluids! Minor!Medical!Emergencies! 1.!Small!Cuts! a.!Clean!the!area!and!apply!triple!antibbiotic!ointment!if!there!is!no!chance!of!allergy! b.!Apply!BandbAid!to!prevent!infection! 2.!Bumps!and!Bruises! a.!Stop!working!if!necessary! b.!Ice!if!necessary!for!no!more!than!15!minutes! 3.!Mild!Burn! a.!Remove!source!of!heat! b.!Run!cool!b!NOT!COLD!b!water!over!the!burn! c.!Dry!gently!and!apply!Aloe!Vera!if!necessary! d.!Take!medicine!to!reduce!pain!if!permissible!from!Mentor,!parent,!or!victim!allows! 4.!Stress! a.!Practice!relaxation!breathing!techniques! b.!Muscle!Relaxation! c.!Shoulder!Shrugs!and!Squeezes! d.!Physical!Exercise! e.!Discuss!improvements!for!time!management! 5.!Strains,!Sprains,!Breaks! a.!Rest! b.!Splint!(if!necessary!and!with!supervision!of!medical!professional)! c.!Ice!if!necessary!for!no!more!than!10!minutes!at!a!time! d.!Elevate!injured!area!above!heart!level! e.!Seek!further!medical!advice!if!pain!doesn’t!cease! 6.!Conscious!Choking! a.!Give!back!blows! i.!Lean!the!person!forward.! ii.!Place!the!heel!of!the!hand!on!the!person’s!back!between!the!shoulder!blades.! iii.!Give!5!back!blows.! ! ! ! Page!|!14!! ! b.!Give!abdominal!thrusts! i.!With!one!or!two!fingers!of!one!hand,!find!the!person’s!bellybutton.! ii.!Make!a!fist!with!other!hand!and!place!the!thumb!side!of!your!fist!against!the! person!right!above!your!fingers!at!the!bellybutton.! iii.!Grasp!your!fist!with!your!other!hand.! iv.!Give!5!abdominal!thrusts.! c.!Repeat!step!a.,!then!step!b.!until!the!object!is!dislodged!or!the!victim!becomes! unconscious!and!contact!EMS.! ! Abdominal!Thrustsbbhopkinsmedicine.org! ! Major!Medical!Emergencies! 1.!Allergic!Reaction! a.!Contact!local!authorities!(and!Pit!Admin!if!at!a!FIRST!event)! b.!Ask!the!victim!if!they!have!known!allergies! i.!If!they!do,!ask!if!they!have!an!EpiPen®.!If!they!need!assistance!with!the!EpiPen®,! contact!a!first!responder! 2.!Shock!–! HAZARD!!BE!AWARE!OF!YOUR!ENVIRONMENT.!LIVE!POWER!SOURCES!CAN!PASS!ENERGY!THROUGH! MULTIPLE!PEOPLE! a.!Symptoms!of!shock! i.!Restlessness!or!irritability! ii.!Altered!consciousness!(e.g.,!drowsy,!confused!or!dazed,!or!passing!out)! iii.!Nausea!(sick!to!the!stomach)! iv.!Pale!or!ashen!(gray),!cool,!moist!skin! v.!Fast!breathing! vi.!Fast!pulse! b.!If!shock!is!indicated,!contact!local!authorities!(and!Pit!Admin!if!at!a!FIRST!event)! i.!Have!the!person!lie!down,!as!this!is!often!the!most!comfortable!position! ii.!Control!any!external!bleeding!with!First!Aid!equipment! iii.!Calm!and!reassure!the!victim! iv.!Raise!the!victim’s!legs!about!12!inches!unless!you!suspect!head,!neck!or!back! injuries,!or!a!broken!hip!or!leg! v.!Help!the!victim!maintain!a!normal!body!temperature;!if!the!victim!is!cold,!cover! them!with!a!blanket!or!warm!clothing! vi.!Do!not!give!the!victims!anything!to!eat!or!drink,!even!though!they!may!request!it! Page!|!15!! ! c.!Keep!the!person!warm! d.!Try!and!keep!them!calm!and!awake! e.!Seek!the!source!of!shock.!Use!a!nonbconductive!object!such!as!a!broom!handle!to!remove! the!source!of!shock!if!that!can!be!accomplished!in!a!safe!manner! 3.!Severe!Bleeding! a.!Follow!standard!precautions!to!prevent!disease!transmission!(such!as!wearing! nonblatex!disposable!gloves!and!other!PPE!such!as!eyewear!or!masks,!if!available)! b.!Cover!the!wound!with!a!dressing!and!press!firmly!against!the!wound!(this!is!called!direct! pressure)!until!the!bleeding!stops! c.!Secure!the!dressing!with!a!roller!bandage.!Tie!knot!directly!over!the!wound! d.!Check!the!fingers!(or!toes)!for!feeling,!warmth!and!color!to!make!sure!the!bandage!is! not!excessively!tight! e.!If!bleeding!does!not!stop,!apply!additional!dressings!and!bandages!and!continue!to! apply!direct!pressure.! f.!Contact!local!authorities!(and!Pit!Admin!if!at!a!FIRST!event)! g.!Care!for!shock!victim!and!continue!to!monitor!them!until!help!arrives.! 4.!Moderate!Burn! a.!Remove!the!source!of!heat! b.!Cool!the!burn!with!cold!water! c.!Cover!the!burn!loosely!with!a!sterile!dressing!and!care!for!shock! d.!Do!not!break!blisters;!loosely!cover!blisters!with!a!sterile!dressing! e.!For!a!serious!burn,!contact!local!authorities!(!and!Pit!Admin!if!at!a!FIRST!event!).! 5.!Heart!Attack/Stroke! a.!Check!for!signs!of!a!heart!attack! i.!Chest!pain!or!discomfort!lasting!more!than!3b5!minutes!or!that!goes!away!and! comes!back! 1. Signs!of!pain!are!that!it!is!not!relieved!by!rest,!changing!position!or! medication!and!may!spread!to!shoulder,!arm,!back,!stomach,!neck!or!jaw! ii.!Trouble!breathing! 1.!Breathing!is!often!faster!than!normal! 2.!Person!feels!short!of!breath! iii.!Nausea! iv.!Sweating!or!changes!in!skin!appearance! v.!Dizziness!or!unconsciousness! vi.!Victim!may!complain!of!heartburn!or!indigestion! vii.!Victim!may!deny!that!anything!serious!is!wrong! b.!If!heart!attack!is!indicated,!contact!local!authorities!(and!Pit!Admin!if!at!a! FIRST!event)! i.!Communicate!with!victim!to!the!importance!of!stopping!activity!and!rest! ii.!Try!to!obtain!additional!information!about!the!victim’s!condition! iii.!Comfort!the!victim! iv.!Assist!with!medication,!if!prescribed!and!victim!asks!for!assistance! v.!Monitor!the!victims!condition! vi.!Be!prepared!to!give!CPR!and!to!use!an!AED!machine! Page!|!16!! ! c.!Check!for!signs!of!a!stroke! i.!Sudden!body!weakness!or!numbness,!often!on!one!side! ii.!Sudden!facial!drooping!or!weakness!on!one!side!of!the!face! iii.!Trouble!speaking!or!being!understood!when!speaking! iv.!Trouble!seeing!in!one!or!both!eyes! v.!Sudden!severe!headache! vi.!Dizziness!and/or!loss!of!balance! vii.!Looking!or!feeling!ill,!abnormal!behavior!or!confusion! d.!If!stroke!is!indicated,!contact!local!authorities!(and!Pit!Admin!if!at!a!FIRST!event)! i.!If!there!is!fluid!or!vomit!in!an!unconscious!person’s!mouth,!position!them!on! one!side!to!allow!any!fluid!to!drain!out!of!the!mouth.!! 1. May!require!removing!material!from!the!person’s!mouth! ii.!If!the!victim!is!conscious,!offer!comfort!and!reassurance! iii.!Have!the!victim!rest!in!a!comfortable!position! iv.!Do!not!give!the!victim!anything!to!eat!or!drink!–!even!when!asked!by!the!victim! 6.!Head,!Neck,!or!Back!Injury! a.!Contact!local!authorities!(and!Pit!Admin!if!at!a!FIRST!event)! b.!Do!not!move!the!victim!unless!further!injury!will!occur! c.!Hold!the!victim’s!head!and!neck!still.! d.!If!the!victim!is!conscious,!encourage!them!to!remain!calm!and!still! 7.!Poisoning! a.!Ingested!Poison! i.!Contact!the!Poison!Control!Center!at!1b800b222b1222.! ii.!If!the!person!is!unconscious,!there!is!a!change!in!the!level!of!consciousness,!or!if! another!life!threatening!injury!is!present,!contact!local!authorities!(and!Pit!Admin!if!at!a! FIRST!event)! b.!Inhaled!Poison! i.!Move!the!victim!to!fresh!air! ii.!Monitor!the!victim’s!airway,!breathing!and!circulation! iii.!If!conscious,!keep!the!victim!comfortable! c.!Poisonous!Plants! i.!Remove!exposed!clothing!and!wash!the!exposed!area!thoroughly!with!soap!and! water!as!soon!as!possible!after!contact! ii.!If!rash!or!wet!blisters!develop,!advise!the!victim!to!see!their!health!care! professional!as!soon!as!possible! iii.!If!the!condition!spreads!to!large!areas!of!the!body!or!face,!have!the!victim!seek! medical!attention!and/or!EMS! 8.!Seizure! a.!If!the!victim!is!known!to!have!periodic!seizures,!there!is!no!need!to!summon!EMS! b.!You!do!need!to!summon!EMS!personnel!if!–! i.!The!seizure!lasts!more!than!5!minutes! ii.!The!victim!has!multiple!seizures! iii.!The!victim!appears!to!be!injured! iv.!The!victim!is!pregnant! Page!|!17!! ! v.!The!victim!is!a!diabetic! vi.!The!victim!fails!to!regain!consciousness! vii.!The!seizure!occurs!in!the!water! c.!Remove!any!objects!from!near!the!victim!so!they!cannot!harm!themselves! d.!When!the!seizure!is!over,!check!to!be!sure!they!have!not!injured!themselves! e.!Stay!with!the!victim!until!fully!conscious!and!aware!of!their!surroundings! Page!|!18!! !