Emmanuel Adewole

2020 BUSINESS PLAN Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1 FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS 2 COMPANY OVERVIEW 3 BUSINESS DESCRIPTION Mission And Vision Statement 3 3 BUSINESS OBJECTIVE 3 TARGET MARKET & BUSINESS OPPORTUNITY I Aerospace Industry Automotive Industry Food Industry Healthcare & Medical Industry Architecture & Construction Industry Fabric And Fashion Industry Electric And Electronic Industry I I II III IV IV V CORE COMPETENCIES V BUSINESS GOALS VI MARKET ANALYSIS VII OVERVIEW VII GLOBAL MARKET VII TRENDS IN GULF COOPERATION COUNCIL (GCC) 12 TRENDS IN OMAN 15 Manufacturing Industry Medical Industry Construction Industry 15 17 18 S.W.O.T ANALYSIS 19 COMPETITOR ANALYSIS 20 STRATASYS 3D SYSTEMS MARKFORGED 22 23 24 INNOTECH 24 ATOMS LAB 25 MANAGEMENT 27 BUSINESS LEADER Ahmed Ali Zahir AlABRI – Founder & Ceo 27 27 HIRING PROCESS 27 ORGANOGRAM 29 JOB DESCRIPTION 30 PRODUCT 35 PRODUCT/SERVICES 36 STEREOLITHOGRAPHY (SLA) 36 SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING (SLS) 37 II | P a g e FUSED DEPOSITION MODELING (FDM) MATERIAL JETTING 38 39 DIRECT METAL PRINTING MATERIALS 39 40 ABS PLA PET PETG Polycarbonate (PC) High-Performance Polymers (PEEK, PEKK, ULTEM) Polypropylene (PP) Nylon Resins (for photopolymerization-based 3D printing) EQUIPMENT Form labs Form 3L Sinterit LISA PRO 3D Printer ProX DMP 100 Stratasys F123 Series MARKETING PLAN Website Email Marketing Content Marketing Online-Ads Social Media Marketing Search Engine Optimization Press Editorials and Releases FINANCIALS - - INCOME STATEMENT 50 BALANCE SHEET CASHFLOW STATEMENT 50 51 III | P a g e EXECUTIVE SUMMARY UniPrinter 3D is a Muscat based 3D printing and rapid prototyping services company. We are set to compete in the highly competitive 3D printing and rapid prototyping services industry in Oman and the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) & the global market. UniPrinter 3D will be involved in all aspects of 3D manufacturing, including:      3D printing rapid prototyping, 3D printing support services, Selective Laser Sintering (SLS), Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM), Stereo Lithography (SLA). UniPrinter 3D aims to provide AM services for various industries in the local and global markets, e.g., aerospace, automotive, healthcare, food, and construction. Furthermore, the company is familiar with the different equipment types and the printing materials involved in a high-quality manufacturing process. The end-users satisfaction level and quality assurance carry the highest regard. UniPrinter 3D has identified a large gap between supply and demand of AM facilities in Oman and the massive potential in the GCC and global market. It hopes to trump the UAE’s vision of being the hub of 3D printing and is committed to making significant strides to achieve its business goals, with the assistance of the Sultanate’s vision of diversifying the economy. We are planning to involve a global grant to research projects in education & training. A separate hub will provide industry-specific education, collaborating with global leading equipment manufacturers and educators in this field. The project is highly significant for Oman. It generates extra export, assists in several industries' innovation, creates several jobs, and establishes credibility for the country throughout the region and globally. At UniPrinter 3D, our client’s best interest come first, and our values and professional ethics will guide everything we do. We will ensure that we hold ourselves accountable to the highest standards by delivering high-end prototypes and manufactured parts while meeting our client’s needs precisely and completely. We have identified several critical approaches to strategic development and marketing start-up efforts, assessed alternatives, and developed a series of executable and cohesive but independent categories of action to aid the business in its core, overarching goals. The business plan is intended to demonstrate the viability of the business model and demonstrate the business's requirements. 1|P a ge FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS INVESTMENT BREAKDOWN Printer, 127,676 Cash, 17,988 Operational Expenses (First 2 Months), 28,860 Salaries (First 2 Months), 24,740 Profitability 8,000,000 7,000,000 6,000,000 5,000,000 4,000,000 3,000,000 2,000,000 1,000,000 Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 THOUSANDS REVENUE VS EXPENSES 25,000 20,000 15,000 10,000 5,000 - Year 1 Year 2 Revenue Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Operating Expenses 2|P a ge COMPANY OVERVIEW BUSINESS DESCRIPTION We plan to involve a global grant to run a research project to implement technology in medicine and medical education. We are planning our hub to provide industry-specific education in partnership with global leading equipment manufacturers and educators. We are also starting our sub-projects to show the benefits of technology and technology in action. Our project will cover the major industries that use 3D printing. Thus, we plan to collect all the technology and effective service under one roof, but with flexible combination to ensure significant industries penetration. This will allow us to cover Oman market itself, innovate most significant processes, and grab a share of the GCC area market, share the high-growing market at its’ TOP, which is happening right now and prognosis to become even more substantial every year till 2025. The project will be highly crucial for the country as it will generate extra export, innovate many industries, create many jobs, and establish credibility for the country throughout the region, but on the global level. We have chosen analogue of 3D HUB development due to the following factors:    It provides printing service and solution for all the most popular 3D printing directions and applications including prototyping and extra parts printing, automotive and medical industry, and construction industry. It establishes the company’s and country’s leading position on the market It opens a broader perspective at the most innovative fields MISSION AND VISION STATEMENT   Vision: Leading 3D printing HUB in GULF area with global recognition, innovator, and industry disrupter Mission: To supply global 3D printing industry needs, boost healthcare technology and construction supply in the country, and throughout the region. BUSINESS OBJECTIVE Our business goal is to become one of the leading 3D printing and rapid prototyping service companies in Oman. We will strive to ensure that every 3D printing and rapid prototyping product that leaves our printing press can favorably compete with the Industry's best. We will invest in employees from a pool of talented and highly creative individuals, favorably from Oman & GCC area. We will make sure that we take all the workforce members through the required training that will position them to meet the company's expectations and compete with leading 3D printing and rapid prototyping services companies globally. 3|P a ge TARGET MARKET & BUSINESS OPPORTUNITY AEROSPACE INDUSTRY 3D printing technology provides un-parallel freedom design in components and production. 3D printing technology can make lightweight parts improved and complicated geometries in the aerospace industry, reducing energy requirements and resources1. Simultaneously, using 3D printing technology can lead to fuel savings as it reduces the material used to produce aerospace’s parts. Furthermore, the technology has been widely applied to produce the spare parts 2 of some aerospace components such as engines. The engine’s part is easily damaged, which requires regular replacement3. Figure 1: In 2019, Orbex 3D printed a rocket in a single piece AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY Nowadays, 3D printing technology has rapidly changed our Industry to design, develop, and manufacture new things. The 3D Printing technique has made phenomena in the automotive Industry to bring new shines, allowing for lighter and more complex structures quickly. For instance, Local Motor had printed the first 3Dprinted electric car in 2014. Not only cars but Local Motors also extended the complete range application of 3D printing technology by the manufacturer, a 3D-printed bus called OLLI. OLLI is a driverless, electric, recyclable, and extremely smart 3D printed bus. Ford is the leader in using 3D printing technology in the Industry, utilizing the technology to produce prototypes and engine parts. Also, BMW uses 3D printing technology to produce hand-tools for automotive testing and assembly. In 2017, AUDI was collaborated with SLM Solution Group AG to produce spare parts and prototypes 4. Consequently, using 3D printing technology in the automotive Industry enables the company to test various alternatives and emphasize right in the 1 3D-printing in aerospace and its long-term sustainability Advanced 3D printing technologies for the aircraft industry: a fuzzy systematic approach for assessing the critical factors 3 The present and future of additive manufacturing in the aerospace sector: A review of important aspects 4 Audi gives update on use of SLM metal 3D printing for the automotive industry 2 improvement stages, prompting ideal and effective automotive design. At the same time, 3D printing technology can reduce the wastage and consumption of the materials; reduce costs and time, enabling engineers to test new designs in a speedy time5. Figure 2: BMW announced in 2019 it aims to produce at least 50,000 components per year using AM FOOD INDUSTRY There is a growing demand for customized food for specialized dietary needs, such as athletes, children, pregnant women, patients, etc., which require different nutrients and dosage. This can be efficiently achieved by reducing the number of unnecessary ingredients and enhancing healthy ingredients6. However, the development of customized foods must be conducted in a very detailed and innovative way, which is where the adoption of 3D-food printing opens endless possibilities. Food layer manufacturing, also known as 3D-food printing, is fabricated through the deposition of successive layers by layer derived directly from computeraided design data7. Using 3D printing technology, specific materials can be mixed and processed into various complicated structures and shapes. The technology benefits humans as it creates a new process for food customization and can adjust with individual preferences and needs. By allowing food preparation and ingredients to be automatically adjusted to the consumer’s information, it would be possible to have diets that enforce themselves without exercise. An Exploratory Study: The impact of Additive Manufacturing on the Automobile Industry Impact of Mechanical and Microstructural Properties of Potato Puree-Food Additive Complexes on Extrusion-Based 3D Printing 7 3D Printing Complex Egg White Protein Objects: Properties and Optimization 5 6 II | P a g e HEALTHCARE & MEDICAL INDUSTRY 3D printing technology can be used to print 3D skin, drugs, bones and cartilages, replacement tissues, organs, and models for visualization, education, and communication. The technology has enormous potential to revolutionize the medical industry; it can:  Replicate the natural structure of the skin at a lower cost. 3D printed skin can be used to test pharmaceutical, cosmetics, and chemical products 8.  Print drugs, which can increase efficiency, are accurate to control as per size and dose, high reproducibility, and ability to produce dosage form with complex drug-release profiles9.  Print cartilage and bone to replace bony voids that are caused by trauma or disease. This treatment is different from auto-grafts and allografts because it focuses on the generation of bone, maintaining or improving its function.  Be used to replace, restore, maintain, or improve the function of the tissues. The replacement tissues produced by 3D printing technology have an interconnected pore network, biocompatible, appropriate surface chemistry, and has good mechanical properties.  Be used to print out similar organs caused by critical problems such as disease, accidents, and congenital disabilities.  Form highly controllable cancer tissue models and show great potential to accelerate cancer research. Doctors and patients can get more reliable and accurate data.  Use in the learning process to help neurosurgeons practising surgical techniques.  Provide opportunities for training surgeons hands-on, as the 3D model is a simulation of a real patient’s pathological condition. 8 9 A Review of 3D Printing Technology for Medical Applications Medical Application for 3D Printing: Current and Projected Uses III | P a g e ARCHITECTURE & CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY 3D printing technology can be considered as an environment-friendly derivative and gives unlimited possibilities for geometric complexity realization. In the construction industry, 3D printing technology can print entire buildings or create construction components. The emergence of Building Information Modelling (BIM) will facilitate better use of 3D printing technology. Building Information Modeling is a digital representation of functional and physical characteristics and can share information and knowledge about 3D building. It can form a reliable source for decisions during its life cycle, from initial conception to demolition to construct or design the building. This innovative and collaborative technology will support a more efficient design method, creating and maintaining the built environment. With 3D printing technology, companies can design and create the building's visual in a fast time and inexpensively and avoid delays and help pinpoint problem areas. Simultaneously, with 3D printing technology, construction-engineer, and their clients can communicate more efficiently and clearly. FABRIC AND FASHION INDUSTRY The combination of fashion and 3D printing may not seem like the most natural fit, but it is becoming an everyday reality worldwide. For instance, big companies like Nike, New Balance, and Adidas strive to develop the mass production of 3D printed shoes. Nowadays, 3D printed shoes are manufactured for specific athlete's feet, custom-made, and mapped for comfort and enhanced performance. In the fashion industry, 3D printing technology can design and produce garments using mesh systems and print ornaments for traditional textiles. Moreover, printing is not limited to garments but can also produce leather goods and accessories, e.g., jewellery, watchmaking, accessories, etc. The retailers and designers believe the purpose of creating fashion products using 3D printing technology is not to duplicate current products but to improve product design by offering personalized and unique products to customers. It can reduce the supply chain cost and deliver products in small quantities in a quick time. IV | P a g e ELECTRIC AND ELECTRONIC INDUSTRY As 3D printing becomes more and more accessible to science, technology, and manufacturing fields, the manufacturers are starting to see its potential realized in all sorts of exciting ways. Nowadays, various 3D printing technologies have already been used broadly for structural, electronic devices like active electronic materials, electrodes, and devices with mass customization and adaptive design through embedding the conductors into 3D printed devices. The production process for the 3D electrode by utilizing the Fused Deposition Modelling of 3D printing technology provides a low-cost and time-efficient approach to massproducing electrode materials. Compared to commercial electrodes such as aluminium, copper, and carbon electrodes, the design and surface area of the 3D electrode can be easily customized to suit a particular application. Also, active electronic components are any electronic devices or components capable of amplifying and controlling electric flow charges. Besides, active devices also include those that can generate power. Examples of active electronic components include silicon-controlled rectifiers, transistors, diodes, operational amplifiers, light-emitting diodes (LEDs), batteries, etc. These components typically require highly elaborate fabrication processes compared to those used for passive components due to their complex functionalities. With multi-material printing technology, the electronic system's efficiency may be adopted in Industry Revolution 4.0, enabling more innovative designs created in just one process CORE COMPETENCIES Business Case: Understands the cost & value dynamincs Quality Assurance: Recognize importance and consistancy of AM production Know-how of digital trends and tools required for mature 3D printing capability UniPrinter 3D Organizational Structure and Goals: Clear roles, decision rights and policies Talent / Workforce: Competencies, skills , talent infrastructure Process: Integrated set of activities designed to achieve an effective AM output V|P a ge BUSINESS GOALS We have identified the following goals and objectives for our business: 1 FIRST GOAL 2 Raise the required investment and finalize the agreement with the property owner 3 THIRD GOAL To achieve high occupancy rate within the first operational year SECOND GOAL Renovate, develop and establish the coworking space 4 FOURTH GOAL To develop strategies for our business growth; continuously evaluate performance and review goals and to increase profit margins with time VI | P a g e MARKET ANALYSIS OVERVIEW Traditionally, the market for 3D printers varied for devices at both of the spectra. At one end, there are machines for personal use, which are substantially cheaper as they are commonly based on open-source software. However, these machines have limited capabilities. At the other end, there are expensive machines that use closed source software but, in turn, have more excellent capabilities. Today, the two ends of this spectrum converge in the middle to form a new emerging market, resulting in 3D printing machines with high-performance levels and a lower price point. Figure 3: Market Spectrum for 3D Printers10 With rapid advancements in machine design, product innovations & material compositions (polymers and metals), the use of 3D printing technology has found various application in a wide variety of areas, such as jet engines, advanced prosthetics, and even living tissue (with a potential to disrupt the entire manufacturing industry). New materials, shorter lead times, and innovative finishes, while adhering to standards (FDA, ASTM, and ISO) enable the technology to be integrated into manufacturing processes. GLOBAL MARKET Testing, modeling, and building prototypes or final production line manufacturers are rapidly joining the world of 3d printing. More leading manufacturing companies than not were already utilizing 3D printing in 2013. PricewaterhouseCooper (PWC) surveyed over 100 leading manufacturing companies and concluded that twothirds of these top firms were already utilizing 3D printing in applications ranging from prototyping to production. 10 The road ahead for 3-D printers: Technology Forecast, Pricewaterhouse Coopers. VII | P a g e Figure 4: PwC and ZPryme survey and analysis11 In 2019, the global 3D printing market was estimated at 12.1 Billion US dollars on average (or at a range between $9.9B and $15.0B by different analysts), seeing a 25% year-over-year growth since 2014. This includes 3D printing systems, software, materials, and services but excludes internal corporate investments in Additive Manufacturing technologies. For the following five years, analysts expect the market to grow on average at 24% CAGR, reaching $35.0B by 2024 and doubling in size approximately every three years. However, external variable factors could lead to growth as low as 20% or as high as 28%, resulting in a market size below $24.0B or above $45.0B in 2024. Such variables include factors internal to the 3D printing industry, such as the rate of adoption for serial production, developments in materials and systems, and total costs reduction. They also include external factors, such as customer demands and the more significant economic climate12. 11 12 PwC and ZPryme survey and analysis, conducted in 2014 3D printing trends 2020: Industry highlights and market trends VIII | P a g e The rate of adoption of 3D printers varies in different regions. More than half of Chinese and South Korean companies are projected to be producing end products with 3D printing by 2021. The following figure shows the 3D printing adoption rate in 2016 and estimation for 2021 by region13. China and South Korea 55.90% 4.70% Rest of western Europe 35.20% 5.20% Germany 26% 5.50% United Kingdom 2020 United States 36.50% 4% 0% 2016 35% 5% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% Adoption Rate (%) Figure 5: 3D printing adoption rate worldwide, in 2016 and 2021, by region 13 Global 3D printing adoption rate by region, 2016 and 2021 Published by Statista Research Department, Jul 29, 2016 IX | P a g e Over 65% of the demand comes from professional users working in the development of Industrial, Electrical, or Consumer Goods. On the other hand, professionals in the Aerospace, Automotive, and Medical industries prefer to produce parts in-house or outsource using traditional “offline” supply chains. The pie chart shows the distribution of online 3D printing demand by Industry based on professional users' representative sample. Figure 6: Online 3D printing demand by Industry14 The Additive Manufacturing service provider sector is one of the fastest-growing sectors within the 3D printing industry. Its growth is even impacting the manufacturing industry in less obvious ways. For example, forging and casting manufacturers with aerospace industry activities are reluctant to expand their capacity, even when demand increases. They see AM as a replacement technology and don’t want to be faced with unused capacity15. The size of this segment is estimated by market analysts to be approximately 34% of the total 16. Based on research by 3D Hubs, at least 35-45% of this share can be attributed to “online manufacturing.” 14 3D printing: hype or game changer? A Global EY Report 2019 Honeywell Says 3-D Printing Technology Is Real and It’s Fantastic 16 3D printing trends 2020: Industry highlights and market trends 15 X|P ag e Figure 7: Market Share for Global AM Players XI | P a g e TRENDS IN GULF COOPERATION COUNCIL (GCC) Article Four of the charter for GCC highlights the importance ‘To stimulate scientific and technological progress in the fields of industry, mining, agriculture, water, and animal resources; to establish scientific research; to establish joint ventures and encourage cooperation by the private sector for the good of their peoples.’ The council continues to harness the potential of innovation in technologies to support research in science and technology and encourage youth to innovate and be entrepreneurs and utilize technology. The GCC member countries are setting up various 3D printing manufacturing companies, gradually utilizing 3D printing technology in a wide array of applications. Future Market Insights (FMI) states the Middle East 3D printing materials market is projected to register a CAGR of 16.7% in terms of value during the forecast period-; volume-wise, the market is expected to increase at a CAGR of 11.2%. The market has been segmented into electronics & consumer, automotive, medical, industrial, education, aerospace, and others based on application. The electronics and consumer application segment is expected to register an impressive CAGR of 12.6% in terms of value. The adoption rate of 3D printing technology in GCC's manufacturing sector is around 11%, which is above average compared to the global adoption rate. Government initiatives to set up 3D manufacturing labs across various sectors and increase awareness among manufacturers regarding operational cost-profit have led to the emergence of many new 3D printing start-ups in the region. Also, increasing demand for cost-effective replacement organs in the healthcare sector has led to the increasing adoption of 3D printing technology in healthcare applications. In terms of value, GCC's healthcare industry is expected to expand at a CAGR of 13.4% during the forecast period17. 17 3D Printing Materials Market: Middle East Industry Analysis and Opportunity Assessment, 2015 - 2025 12 | P a g e In terms of market value, of all the countries, UAE is expected to remain dominant in the GCC 3D printing materials market throughout the forecast period. Among the Levant countries, Israel is expected to witness the highest CAGR of 20.4% in value during the forecast period. The United Arab Emirates (UAE) focuses on construction and buildings; 3d printing plays a significant role in manufacturing lighting, bases, and foundations for parks, mobile homes, art galleries, retail venues, and home villas. Just as 3D printing is currently a multi-billion dollar industry in North America with very optimistic projections, in Dubai, just the construction sector alone is expected to be about Dhs3 billion by 202518. According to Goldstein Market Intelligence, the UAE 3D Printing market size is estimated to grow at a CAGR of +60% during 2017-30, mainly due to the demand for binder jetting technology in the architecture sector. Additionally, in terms of revenue generation, fused deposition modelling technology is the second most extensively used technology owing to its low prices19. Figure 8: ExOne Binder Jetting Technology Dubai has announced its plans for 3D Printing Strategy to promote its image as a 3D printing hub, laying guidelines for a quarter of the city’s buildings by 2030 to be 3D printed. To achieve this, the city is developing legislation and codes for 3D printing in the construction of future buildings. The strategy also stipulates that every new building in Dubai will be at least 25 percent 3D printed, beginning in 2019. And the Dubai Health Authority has committed to setting standards for and regulating 3D printing in the health sector, including prosthetic limbs, teeth, and hearing aids in public clinics and hospitals. The construction of a two-story house has recently been completed, depending on the 3D printing technology20. 18 The UAE Projects Dramatic Percentage Dubai Homes to Be 3D Printed Soon, Presents Multi-Tiered Strategy Goldstein Market Intelligence, 2020 Edition 20 3D printing: disrupting the $12 trillion manufacturing sector 19 13 | P a g e Figure 9: Dubai's 1st 3D printed house A strategic alliance between Dubai Future Foundation DFF, Dubai Health Authority, Dubai Municipality, Dubai Police, Dubai Electricity and Water Authority, Roads and Transportation Authority, Khalifa University, Higher Colleges of Technology, and ten international and local 3D printing technology companies has also been formed to provide a strategic network to respond to the requirements of various sectors, utilizing its manufacturing capabilities. The alliance will facilitate necessary approvals and access for developing 3D printed products to meet current needs and provide sufficient stocks for the future21. Over the past year, Saudi Arabia has been accelerating the development and adoption of 3D printing. For example, with Saudi government support, the Chinese 3D printing company Winsun signed an agreement worth $1.5 billion with Riyadh-based construction company Al Mobty Contracting to lease 100 3D printers that produce concrete structures. Valued at $1.5 billion, this joint venture aims to help the country address its shortage of affordable homes by printing up to 1.5 million homes. Also, Saudi Arabia is using public-private partnerships to accelerate the adoption of new technologies22. Through its Research and Development Centre, Dubai Electricity and Water Authority (DEWA) has developed advanced infrastructure and specialized software in 3D printing and additive manufacturing. It is the first organization in the Gulf Cooperation Council to deploy Markforged Metalx 3D printing based on wire/filament. This technology is highly accurate, reduces time and cost, improves efficiency and productivity, and enhances innovation23. Key players in the Middle East 3D printing materials market include 3D Systems, Stratasys Ltd., Beijing Tiertime Technology Co., Ltd., ExOne Co., 3D Filament Manufacturing, Coex LLC, and MatterHackers Inc. Many players operating in the 3D printing materials market are focused on entering into collaborations and partnerships with local distributors and retailers to enhance their market presence in Middle East countries. Moreover, it 21 Sheikh Hamdan launches 3D Printing Strategic Alliance in Dubai 3D printing: disrupting the $12 trillion manufacturing sector 23 DEWA to Use 3D Printers to Produce Prototypes and Spare Parts 22 14 | P a g e also enables companies to increase product visibility across the region. Companies are focusing on instilling competitive capabilities to strengthen their market presence in the region24. TRENDS IN OMAN Oil has brought considerable progress to the Sultanate of Oman. The living standards have risen, Omanis enjoy access to goods, services, and cultures worldwide, and the Sultanate has made significant strides in health, literacy, and education. Unfortunately, reliance on oil also has its perils. It generates dependency and—like any dependency—limits potential, clouds judgment, and biases decision-making. Oman has been radically diversifying its economy after the shock fall of oil prices in 2014. Oman’s wide-ranging Vision 2020 strategy places diversification as the nation’s economic base, with tourism, logistics, mining & technology at its forefront. MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY ‘Manufacturing for Wellbeing,’ a joint venture between The Ministry & Commerce of Industry of Oman & the United Nations Industrial Development Organization, set a vision for the manufacturing sector of 2040, where knowledge-driven industries focused on health and environmental clusters produce goods that will enhance the welfare of peoples around the world, and that will sustain diversification, innovation and high-tech development in the Sultanate of Oman 25. Incentives to encourage research and development, in-country value, and entrepreneurship (SMEs) and mechanisms to attract and adopt advanced foreign technologies, such as 3D printing, Internet of Things, robotics, and energy-efficient solutions, be devised to increase the efficiency of the Omani productive structure26. They have identified nine industries grouped by the technological intensity in terms of a high capital-labour ratio. These industries accounted for 10.8% of manufacturing value-added in 2015. Table 1: Capital Intensive Industries Industry Cluster Structural metal products Medium-/Low-Tech Building and repairing of ships Medium-/Low-Tech Electric motors; generators, and transformers Medium-/high-tech Electricity distribution & control apparatus Medium-/high-tech Other electrical equipment Medium-/high-tech Pumps; compressors; taps and valves Medium-/high-tech Other general-purpose machinery (air conditioning) Medium-/high-tech Insulated wire and cable Medium-/high-tech Automobile bodies; trailers & semi-trailers Medium-/high-tech 24 3D Printing Materials Market: Middle East Industry Analysis and Opportunity Assessment, 2015 - 2025 Manufacturing for wellbeing: The Sultanate of Oman’s Manufacturing Strategy, 2040 26 Oman unveils Phase II of Manufacturing Strategy 2040 25 15 | P a g e Pumps, condensers, taps & valves are locally manufactured medium/high-tech products, which produce specialized pumps for buildings, water, oil & gas, and sewerage industry. Sales amounted to USD 10.7 million in 2016, while imports amounted to USD 750 million in the same year. The Industry can substitute imported parts with locally manufactured ones, primarily through 3D printed parts. Product and process technology is evolving rapidly, with improvements to control and design in the former and automation and 3D printing of hydraulic components in the latter27. The oil & gas sector is keen to introduce 3D printing technology to the students, with Petroleum Development Oman (PDO) signing a funding agreement with the Ministry of Manpower to provide 15 new 3D printers for Technical and Vocational Colleges, aiming to benefit more than 10,000 students and create new jobs for lab technicians, education developers, and innovation specialists28. InnoTech, a leading company in 3D printing in Oman, with collaboration with BP Oman’s Social Investment Program, announced the launch of its ‘FabTech Mobile Lab,’ promoting fabrication, manufacturing, and the fourth industrial revolution technologies such as programming and 3D printing in Oman. The lab will visit universities, exhibitions, museums, and even malls or parks through the Sultanate to deliver workshops using 3D printers. This project's primary goal is to teach and inspire school students from across Oman and access such technology. This opportunity will serve as a platform for them to manufacture mini-projects through the mobile lab29. 27 Manufacturing for wellbeing: The Sultanate of Oman’s Manufacturing Strategy, 2040 Petroleum Development Oman to provide 3D printers to technical and vocational colleges 29 InnoTech, BP Oman launch Oman’s first portable lab 28 16 | P a g e Figure 10: FabTech Mobile Lab MEDICAL INDUSTRY 3D printing technology represents a significant opportunity to help pharmaceutical and medical companies create more specific drugs, enable rapid production of medical implants, and change how doctors and surgeons plan procedures. Computer-aided drawing and manufacturing, also popularly known as CAD/CAM (CEREC), is revolutionizing digital dentistry and is helping patients in Oman with reduced treatment time. A digital impression of teeth using computer-assisted scanning technology, design a single tooth or multiple teeth, making a crown, implants, or bridges can be completed in a matter of hours30. Wassaan speciality dental center, located in Muscat, uses CEREC 3D printing technology for patient dental treatment. Figure 11: Dental 3D printing Due to the quick response time and simple designing inputs for 3D printing, the Omani medical Industry has responded rapidly to Personal Protective Equipment requirements for essential health workers. Muscat based 3D printing company, Innotech, shifted its priorities from the production of parts for oil and gas companies, industrial businesses, and research and development labs. As the Covid-19 pandemic paralyzed international trade, disrupted supply chains, and hit manufacturing bases globally, Innotech switched gears and began providing life-saving ventilators and masks for those on the frontline of the Covid-19 response in the Sultanate. Innotech has supplied more than 6,000 masks to the Ministry of Health, which distributes to hospitals, and has supplied 2,000 masks to the World Health Organization in Oman 31. Atoms Lab, an emerging Omani company, incubated by the National Business Centre (NBC), has succeeded in manufacturing antimicrobial face shields through 3D printing technology. During the first months of the coronavirus pandemic, the company manufactured more than 1,000 face shields made available to beneficiaries inside the Sultanate, and a quantity has been exported to the GCC countries 32. 30 Oman Wellness: Digital dentistry is helping patients in Oman 31 Generation Start-up: Oman's Innotech seeks $3m investment to expand 3D printing business Oman’s Atoms Lab Succeeds in Manufacturing 3D-printed Antimicrobial Face Shields 32 17 | P a g e Figure 12: Face shields by Atoms Lab CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY Oman’s construction industry is expected to rise from a value of US$14.4 billion in 2018 to US$19.4 billion in 2023. Energy and utility construction was the largest market in the Omani construction industry during the review period -), accounting for 33.9% of its total value in 2018. The market is expected to follow a similar trend over the forecast period, with energy and utility construction accounting for 37.0% of the Industry’s total value in 2023. Residential construction accounted for 30.8% of the Industry’s total output in 2018, followed by infrastructure construction with 12.3%33. 3D printing for quick, efficient, and accurate models represents significant progress for Oman’s architecture, engineering, and construction industries. For major projects, this will significantly reduce preparation times as the fundamental concepts can be accurately delivered with much greater speed while enhancing communication between the project’s designers and developers. There’s also reduced labour costs to consider (50-80% less). If these savings rates are accurate, it could spell much higher productivity, better returns, and increased sustainability for the Industry. For Middle East countries like Oman, whose construction sector continually suffers from labour shortages, the introduction of 3D printable construction projects could offer an exquisite solution34. Experts say that this technology is environmentally positive. It is known that the 3D printing process for construction can save as much as 30-60 per cent of construction waste and save production time by 50-70 per cent. 33 34 Construction in Oman - Key Trends and Opportunities to 2023 State of the Market: Commercial 3D printing in the middle east 18 | P a g e S.W.O.T ANALYSIS The SWOT analysis below represents the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of our company: STRENGTHS Dedication, Passion, and Talent of Business Founders and Team Strong Business Model with Potential to Grow Organically Project supported by government and GCC countries, Start-up Flexibility Trending technology Various applications Exponential growth potential OPPORTUNITIES Large target market in Oman Huge, untapped market in the Oman and GCC countries, High growth potential Growing demand of healthcare products after the arrival of Covid-19 Multiple industries require 3D printing support for expansion. WEAKNESSES Low market recognition Need to invest in marketing and attracting investors Need to build business relations within the Industry THREATS Competitors with a large market share The market, economic and legal risk for business Realization and promotion of 3D printing to the local Industry, its benefits and raising brand awareness. 19 | P a g e COMPETITOR ANALYSIS 20 | P a g e According to Wohlers Associates, the number of companies offering industrial-grade 3D printers has increased from 34 in 2013 to 177 in 2019. The explosive growth in the number of industry participants is attributable to a number of factors, including: 1. The expiration of patents protecting the fundamental technology within processes such as extrusion, stereo lithography, and selective laser sintering; 2. Increased demand for 3-D printers, driven by the technology’s benefits, but also by increased media coverage; and 3. The opportunity for innovators to introduce new 3-D printing methods, since innovation by incumbents has largely been incremental rather than revolutionary. Additive manufacturing companies have attracted a significant amount of funding from venture capital and private equity investors over the past several years. Companies that manufacture additive manufacturing equipment and solution associated consumable materials, and ancillary products—including Carbon, Desktop Metal, Formlabs, and Markforged—have received nearly $2.0 billion in funding over the past five years, with over $1.2 billion of that coming in the past two years. Carbon has raised nearly $700 million in funding and has reportedly received a valuation of about $2.4 billion, which is more than double the current market capitalization of 3D Systems or Stratasys. Furthermore, Desktop Metal and Formlabs have each reportedly been valued at greater than $1 billion, and others such as Markforged are also likely on pace to receive a $1 billion valuation in future rounds. Figure 13: Total Funds Raised by Companies (Minimum $10 Million Raised) Figure below displays estimated market share, in terms of industrial 3-D printing units sold in 2018. 21 | P a g e Figure 14: Share of Industrial 3D Printing Units Sold in 201835 UniPrinter 3D will focus on GCC. The United Arab Emirates is hoping to an international center for 3D printing, connecting over 700 global companies under one roof. However, the project is under development and UniPrinter 3D sees an opportunity to take the lead and be the 1st Omani company to take its’ market share and establish itself as one of the industry/market leaders. Almost all 3D printer companies are remotely located and serving global clientele through an efficient supply chain system. UniPrinter 3D aims to facilitate the Omani and GCC market through an aggressive marketing campaign and local credibility. Local companies e.g. M/s InnoTech & Khoula Hospital for the funding of a Prosthetic and Orthotic Services Centre for the medical direction can also be promoted. 3D printing has enough breathing space in the market in Oman to be fully penetrated. In addition to this, InnoTech should be considered as a partner to help start the project and educate future employees, train them in process. Some major 3D printing players and local companies are discussed further. STRATASYS Stratasys, Ltd. is an American-Israeli manufacturer of 3D printers and 3D production systems for office-based rapid prototyping and direct digital manufacturing solutions. The company is incorporated in Israel. Engineers use Stratasys systems to model complex geometries in a wide range of thermoplastic materials, including ABS, polyphenylsulfone (PPSF), polycarbonate (PC) and polyetherimide and Nylon 12. Stratasys manufactures inoffice prototyping and direct digital manufacturing systems for automotive, aerospace, industrial, recreational, electronic, medical and consumer product OEMs. Revenue at Stratasys is reported across two segments: Products and Services. Each year, the Products division, which comprises 3D printers and materials, accounts for the largest share of overall revenue. The Services segment, on the other hand, relates to the company’s on-demand manufacturing and consultancy offerings. 35 Beyond 3D Systems and Stratasys3-D Printing Companies to Watch 22 | P a g e Table 2: Stratasys financial results, in thousands ($)36 Q1 2020 Q1 2019 Variance % Products 83,172 105,091 -21,919 -20.86% Services 49,735 50,209 -474 -0.94% Total Revenue 132,907 155,300 -22,393 -14.42% Stratasys has primarily attributed the decline in revenue to the effect of the COViD-19 pandemic on its crucial customer markets. 3D SYSTEMS 3D Systems Corporation is a holding company. The Company provides 3D printing solutions, including 3D printers, print materials, software, on-demand manufacturing services and digital design tools. It's precision healthcare capabilities include simulation, Virtual Surgical Planning (VSP), and printing of medical and dental devices and surgical guides and instruments. Its solutions support applications in a range of industries, including healthcare, aerospace, automotive and durable goods. The Company offers a range of 3D printers, print materials, software, haptic devices, scanners and virtual surgical simulators. The Company offers a range of 3D printing technologies, including Stereolithography (SLA), Selective Laser Sintering (SLS), Direct Metal Printing (DMP), MultiJet Printing (MJP) and ColorJet Printing (CJP). The Company also offers 3D virtual reality simulators and simulator modules for medical applications. 36 Stratasys announces financial results for Q1 2020 23 | P a g e MARKFORGED Markforged is a privately-held additive manufacturing company that designs, develops, and manufactures a smart industrial platform of 3D printers, software and materials that empowers manufacturers to print vital parts at the point-of-need. Markforged is based in Watertown, Massachusetts, outside Boston. The Markforged team has developed innovative additive manufacturing technology, along with complementary software and materials to ensure the integrity of printed parts. It produced the first 3D printers capable of printing continuous carbon fibre reinforcement and pure copper and utilizes a cloud architecture that makes the platform better each part it prints. In 2017, the company entered the metal printing market by introducing the Metal X, a relatively low-priced, ofβice-friendly, metal printing machine with a low cost per print. Markforged has raised $137 million over βive rounds of funding since 2013, with the most recent being an $82 million series D round in March 2019, led by Summit Partners. Mark-forged’s investor group includes M12, Matrix Partners, Next47, North Bridge Venture Partners, Porsche SE, Summit Partners, and Trinity Ventures. Markforged was recognized as the 10th fastest-growing tech company in the United States in the 2018 Deloitte Fast 500 list, with 2017 sales up over 100 times the level reported in 2014. Notably, Markforged was the only hardware company in the top 10. The dramatic growth rate, however, is mostly a function of a small revenue base in 2014, which we believe was less than $1 million. Setting the rate aside, the company has grown to a substantial size in only six years. In 2018, Markforged shipped about 2,500 printers. We believe the company is currently generating annual revenue greater than $50 million and shipping about 1,000 printers per quarter. INNOTECH Innotech was established in 2013 in Oman and was self-funded. In 2017, venture capital firm Oman Technology Fund invested $100,000 in its sister business, Innobox, which makes educational kits used to teach children aged eight years and older about electronics and programming. Innotech is in talks with local venture capital firms to raise $2 million (Dh7.34m) to $3m in a Series A funding round to expand the businesses. The investment will fund plans for a 3D printing factory, which will allow clients from around the world to access the platform, upload a file with the technical specifications for their product, have them manufactured through Innotech's 3D printers and shipped. The factory will span 3,000 square metres in the first stage, with plans to expand in future phases. The company offers services in:     3D Printing 3D Design, Printing prototypes, 3D printers supply, 24 | P a g e   Supply of manufacturing supplies and equipment Maintenance services and spare parts of 3D printers Manufacturing Sector   Creating innovative solutions to technical and operational challenges Intelligent systems, robots, projects associated with AI & IoT Education     Operating and managing manufacturing and innovative laboratories Operating and managing educational centres Curriculum making Programs, camps and educational workshops. The company provides services for manufacturing of 3D printed parts from the CAD files provided by the enduser. It also sells a small variety of filaments for 3D printers. ATOMS LAB Atoms Lab is a Technology Solution Provider in 3D Printing & Additive Manufacturing and deeply involved in developing 4th industrial revolution educational solutions. Atoms Lab is an exclusive distributor in Oman for Ultimaker, Sentrit, UNIZ, Vacu3D, Full Laser Spectrum, 3DPotter, and 3Doodler. Also, Atoms Lab offers high-quality electronics components related to Arduino, Raspberry Pi, and IoT projects. The company offers services in:    3D Printing: development of prototypes and custom parts, sale of 3D printers Research & Development: Software development The company sells different types of 3D printers, from different manufacturers. Furthermore, it also sells electronic equipment, including breadboards and prototypes, components, integrated circuits, motors and drivers etc. 1. Mark Two 3D printer and dry box along with access to cloud Eiger software. 2. 800cc Onyx spool 3. 100cc Carbon Fiber 4. 50cc Fiberglass 5. 50cc Kevlar 6. 50cc HSHT Fiberglass 7. 1 TrueBed print bed 25 | P a g e Price: 9,900 O.R  High precision  print bed size: 150 x 200 x 260 [mm] (5.9 x 7.9 x 10.2 [in])  Print size up to 316mm diagonally  built-in nitrogen chamber  new intuitive software  easy operation Price: 6,466 O.R  Enhanced reliability Seamlessly integrating the Ultimaker S5 printer with the Air Manager and Material Station  the Ultimaker S5 Pro Bundle boosts productivity, flexibility, and confidence to unlock demanding applications with an extended range of materials Price: 4,675 O.R 26 | P a g e MANAGEMENT 3D printing / AM represents a paradigm shift in design and production, where well-trained talent engineers and technicians are critical to maximizing this technology. From the use of resins in vat polymerization to complex 3D laser cladding in directed energy deposition, AM innovations in materials and technologies demand new skills and capabilities, both technical and managerial. Yet many of these innovations have outpaced the ability of the broader manufacturing workforce to adapt: 9 out of 10 manufacturers are struggling to find the skilled workers needed a shortage that is impacting production, quality, innovation, and growth37. BUSINESS LEADER AHMED ALI ZAHIR ALABRI – FOUNDER & CEO Dedicated and focused dynamic professional with ambition goals to run strong business with an innovative approach. With a mix of open mind of innovator, strong ambitions and troubleshooting, management skills, founder and CEO is a core of the project and connecting likeminded people around. HIRING PROCESS Taking an iterative design approach to workforce planning with short stages typically lasting one to four weeks each can enable developers and managers to communicate often, identify challenges promptly, respond to continually evolving stakeholder needs, and deliver results in quick cycles. Applying this approach also known as agile in UniPrinter workforce planning allows HR planners, managers, engineers, and technicians to collaborate more frequently and generate insights concerning the most pressing needs of the organization, rapid analysis, and faster organizational responsiveness to changes. Due to the challenges associated with adopting AM technologies, AM-focused workforce planning relies on a steady stream of input from the engineers and technicians whose roles will be most affected. Whether a manufacturing organization is continuing to build upon existing AM capabilities or just beginning to implement AM, a rapidly iterative, collaborative workforce planning approach can help to address recruitment, training, and retention challenges associated with AM. 37 The great skills gap concern—manufacturing 27 | P a g e A vertical organizational structure will be adopted in UniPrinter 3D, with a pyramidal top-down structure. The CEO, president or owner will be at the top; a middle section will consist of managers and supervisors, and a bottom section of regular employees. The CEO would make all the significant decisions about marketing, sales, and customer service standards, then communicate those decisions to your middle management. These managers would then be responsible for telling your employees the work processes that will achieve the desired goals. UniPrinter 3D believes that team leadership is the key to success and a healthy corporate culture. Our company is divided into four central departments that collaborate to establish efficiency and teamwork. We have a traditional corporate hierarchy because employees need to be assigned specific roles. This ensures that upper management creates priorities and goals for the company. Upper management maintains our operations, while our HR team provides professional development workshops and employee improvement plans to improve technical abilities and company culture. The company must ensure to deploy strategic outreach and recruiting processes to find and develop Science Technology Engineering Math (STEM) talent. Manufacturers can develop a recruiting plan that identifies vocational schools, universities, and institutions in Oman & GCC, producing engineers and technicians trained in AM technologies and applications they have identified as critical. With an understanding of both industry trends and the most vital sources of AM talent, managers must prioritize between attending college engineering fairs, conducting web-based sourcing for candidates, or even partnering with academic institutions on targeted programs. A holistic recruiting and outreach plan across advertising, campus events, mid-career recruiting, and media spots can help to build an enduring talent pipeline38. 38 3 ways to be constantly recruiting star talent through social media 28 | P a g e ORGANOGRAM CEO Finance Dept. Legal Dept. Business Development Technical Dept. HR Dept. Production Planning Brand Advertising / Creative Product Design Training Group Technical Industrial Design Promotions / Media R&D Recruiting Team Quality Assurance Public Relations Technical Service Production Dept. Market Analysis 29 | P a g e JOB DESCRIPTION Sr. # Designation & Job Descriptions Positions Designation: Chief Executive Officer   1     Act as the symbolic head of the organization when communicating with stockholders, government entities and the general public Lead the development of the organization's long- and short-term strategies Manage overall operations and make significant decisions affecting the organization Manage the organization's resources Negotiate or approve agreements and contracts for the organization 1 EA Providing organizational leadership by establishing and communicating expectations and providing a clear vision Designation: Chief Production Officer      2     Head of the production management department Develop and execution of production strategy Create and manage a process that drives towards a scalable product portfolio Staying informed of and understanding all aspects of production Conducting regular meetings to build relationships and resolve any outstanding issues Delegating responsibility throughout the organization to maximize productivity and quality Developing and implementing all standard operating procedures (SOPs), timelines and schedules for the organization’s production management departments Setting organizational production and performance goals for the company’s products and providing support and guidance to meet these goals Ensuring continuous improvement of the organization and its procedures and products 01 EA Designation: Production Manager (Medical, Consumer & Construction) 3     planning and organizing production schedules assessing project and resource requirements estimating, negotiating and agreeing on budgets and timescales with clients ensuring that health and safety regulations are met 02 EA 30 | P a g e         determining quality control standards overseeing production processes re-negotiating timescales or schedules as necessary selecting, ordering and purchasing materials organizing the repair and routine maintenance of production equipment liaising with buyers and marketing and sales staff supervising the work of junior staff Identifying and proposing relevant training sessions Designation: Machine Designer & Operators    4       In charge of handling 3D printing, rapid prototyping, 3D printing support services, selective laser sintering (SLS), fused deposition modelling (FDM) and stereolithography (SLA) Liaises with clients to determine their requirement and budget Works to a brief, which details what space will be used for, and finding out the client’s ideas and requirements Responsible for creating patterns and operating 3D printing machines cum equipment Responsible for negotiating fees and setting schedules for the project Responsible for researching and drawing up rough plans Responsible for developing detailed designs and choosing materials Responsible for preparing drafts or material based on an agreed brief. Researches and advice the organization on style, genre and other trendy info as it relates to 3D printing and rapid prototyping et al. 05 EA Designation: Chief Business Development Officer   5     Analyze current and past financial data, such as sales reports, and provide strategies to cut costs and increase revenue. Perform market research to identify new opportunities and engage with executives to establish strategies for pursuing those new opportunities. Create and improve proposals for our existing and new clients. Prepare the company budget and continually track expenses, as well as make sure we're on track to hit revenue targets. Provide training and mentoring to members of the business development team. Develop and deliver pitches for potential investors 01 EA Designation: Business Development Manager 6     Contacting potential clients to establish rapport and arrange meetings. Planning and overseeing new marketing initiatives. Researching organizations and individuals to find new opportunities. Increasing the value of current customers while attracting new ones. 01 EA 31 | P a g e    Attending conferences, meetings, and industry events. Developing quotes and proposals for clients. Training personnel and helping team members develop their skills. Designation: Marketing Manager    7      Develop strategies and tactics to get the word out about our company and drive qualified traffic to our front door Deploy successful marketing campaigns and own their implementation from ideation to execution Experiment with a variety of organic and paid acquisition channels like content creation, content curation, pay per click campaigns, event management, publicity, social media, lead generation campaigns, copywriting, performance analysis Build strategic relationships and partner with key industry players, agencies and vendors Prepare and monitor the marketing budget on a quarterly and annual basis and allocate funds wisely Oversee and approve marketing material, from website banners to hard copy brochures and case studies Measure and report on the performance of marketing campaigns, gain insight and assess against goals Analyze consumer behaviour and adjust email and advertising campaigns accordingly 01 EA Designation: Marketing Officers     8      9 Contribute to the implementation of marketing strategies Support the marketing manager in overseeing the department’s operations Organize and attend marketing activities or events to raise brand awareness Plan advertising and promotional campaigns for products or services on a variety of media (social, print etc.) Liaise with stakeholders and vendors to promote the success of activities and enhance the company’s presence See all ventures through to completion and evaluate their success using various metrics Prepare content for the publication of marketing material and oversee distribution Conduct market research to identify opportunities for promotion and growth Collaborate with managers in preparing budgets and monitoring expenses Chief Technical Officer 02 EA 01 EA 32 | P a g e         Develop technical aspects of the company’s strategy to ensure alignment with its business goals Discover and implement new technologies that yield competitive advantage Help departments use technology profitably Supervise system infrastructure to ensure functionality and efficiency Build quality assurance and data protection processes Monitor KPIs and IT budgets to assess technological performance Use stakeholders’ feedback to inform necessary improvements and adjustments to technology Communicate technology strategy to partners and investors Engineering Manager (Product Design)    10       Manage the health and success of a growing team of talented designers. This requires setting clear goals, managing project loads and allocating designers accordingly, ensuring deadlines are met and setting up team members for overall success. Guide the team to develop best practices for ensuring a high bar of quality. Establish a robust and collaborative design practice with a healthy feedback culture. Collaborate with cross-functional partners to establish a shared vision by building consensus on priorities, leading to sound product design and execution. Roll up your sleeves and contribute as a designer when necessary. Recruit new designers and actively participate in the hiring process. Manage a distributed design team and collaborate with teams in other offices. Execute in a fast-paced and highly fluid environment. A lifelong learner, always looking for new ways to challenge yourself and the status quo. 01 EA Design Engineers 11         12 studying a design brief thinking of possible design solutions researching whether the design will work and be cost-effective assessing the usability, environmental impact and safety of a design using computer-aided design (CAD) and computer-assisted engineering (CAE) software to create prototypes collecting and analyzing data from tests on prototypes modifying designs and retesting them writing regular progress reports and presenting them to project managers and clients Human Resource Manager 02 EA 01 EA 33 | P a g e          Support the development and implementation of HR initiatives and systems Provide counselling on policies and procedures Be actively involved in recruitment by preparing job descriptions, posting ads and managing the hiring process Create and implement effective onboarding plans Develop training and development programs Assist in performance management processes Support the management of disciplinary and grievance issues Maintain employee records (attendance, EEO data etc.) according to policy and legal requirements Review employment and working conditions to ensure legal compliance 34 | P a g e PRODUCT 35 | P a g e PRODUCT/SERVICES UniPrinter 3D aims to provide printing services using the most established types of 3D printing techniques, i.e. Stereolithography (SLA), Selective Laser Sintering (SLS), Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM), Material Jetting & Direct Metal Printing. STEREOLITHOGRAPHY (SLA) Stereolithography was the world’s first 3D printing technology, invented in the 1980s, and is still one of the most popular technologies for professionals. SLA 3D printers use a laser to cure liquid resin into hardened plastic in a process called photopolymerization. SLA resin 3D printers have become vastly famous for their ability to produce high-accuracy, isotropic, and watertight prototypes and parts in a range of advanced materials with delicate features and smooth surface finish. SLA resin formulations offer a wide range of optical, mechanical, and thermal properties to match those of standard, engineering, and industrial thermoplastics. Resin 3D printing is an excellent option for highly detailed prototypes requiring tight tolerances and smooth surfaces, such as moulds, patterns, and functional parts. SLA 3D printers are widely used in a range of industries from engineering and product design to manufacturing, dentistry, jewellery, model making, and education. Stereolithography is ideal for: 39  Rapid prototyping  Functional prototyping  Concept modelling  Short-run production  Dental applications  Jewellery prototyping and casting39 Powerful, Affordable 3D Printers for Professionals 36 | P a g e Figure 15: SLA parts have sharp edges, a smooth surface finish, and minimal visible layer lines SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING (SLS) Selective laser sintering (SLS) 3D printers use a high-power laser to sinter small particles of polymer powder into a solid structure. The un-fused powder supports the part during printing and eliminates the need for dedicated support structures. This makes SLS ideal for complex geometries, including interior features, undercuts, thin walls, and negative features. Parts produced with SLS printing have excellent mechanical characteristics, with strength resembling that of injection-moulded parts. The most common material for selective laser sintering is nylon, a famous engineering thermoplastic with excellent mechanical properties. Nylon is lightweight, healthy, and flexible, as well as stable against impact, chemicals, heat, UV light, water, and dirt. The combination of low cost per part, high productivity, and established materials make SLS a popular choice among engineers for functional prototyping and a cost-effective alternative to injection moulding for limitedrun or bridge manufacturing. Selective laser sintering is ideal for: 40  Functional prototyping  End-use parts  Short-run, bridge, or custom manufacturing40 Powerful, Affordable 3D Printers for Professionals 37 | P a g e Figure 16: SLS parts have a slightly rough surface finish, but almost no visible layer lines FUSED DEPOSITION MODELING (FDM) Fused deposition modelling (FDM), also known as fused filament fabrication (FFF), and is the most widely used type of 3D printing at the consumer level. FDM 3D printers work by extruding thermoplastic filaments, such as ABS (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene), PLA (Polylactic Acid), through a heated nozzle, melting the material and applying the plastic layer by layer to a build platform. Each layer is laid down one at a time until the part is complete. FDM 3D printers are well-suited for basic proof-of-concept models, as well as quick and low-cost prototyping of simple parts, such as parts that might typically be machined. However, FDM has the lowest resolution and accuracy when compared to SLA or SLS and is not the best option for printing complex designs or parts with intricate features. Higher-quality may be obtained through chemical and mechanical polishing processes. Industrial FDM 3D printers use soluble supports to mitigate some of these issues and offer a broader range of engineering thermoplastics, but they also come at a steep price. Fused deposition modelling is ideal for: 41  Basic proof-of-concept models  Simple prototyping41 Powerful, Affordable 3D Printers for Professionals 38 | P a g e Figure 17: FDM parts tend to have visible layer lines and might show inaccuracies around complex features MATERIAL JETTING Material jetting is a relatively new 3D printing technology today. It uses liquid photopolymer and UV light to print 3D parts. In this technology, photopolymer resin is sprayed in droplets before it is solidified. With the nature of this technology, it is often compared to 2D inkjet process. Nevertheless, inkjet printers only deposit a single layer of ink droplets while material jetting creates an object layer upon layer until it is finished. Material jetting is also compared to SLA 3D printing. This is because both of them uses UV light to cure the resin. The only difference is that SLA 3D printer uses a vat of resin which is selectively cured by a laser while material jetting 3D printer creates an object by spraying hundreds of tiny droplets at a time. Material jetting is usually applied for the production of detailed, realistic-looking and functional prototypes. The medical sector mainly utilises this technology. This is because of its ability to create anatomical models to scale, complete in different colours. Apart from that, architects, artists, designers and even jewellery-makers can also benefit from this technology. Its precision and aesthetic quality make it more appealing to other industries42. DIRECT METAL PRINTING Direct Metal Printing (DMP), also commonly known as Direct Metal Laser Sintering (DMLS), is an additive manufacturing technology that builds high-quality complex metal parts from 3D CAD data. In the machine, a high precision laser is directed to metal powder particles to selectively build up thin horizontal metal layers one after the other. This cutting edge technology allows for the production of metal parts with challenging geometries, not possible using traditional subtractive or casting technologies. A variety of functional metals are available to print designs, from prototypes to production series of up to 20,000 units.  42 Production of small and too complex shapes with no need for tooling How does Material Jetting 3D printing work? 39 | P a g e  High-quality parts ideal for R&D and serial part manufacturing at the tightest tolerances  Industry’s best surface finished parts with exceptional accuracy  Accommodate innovative part design versus conventional processes  Topology optimized parts and mass customization  Complex and thin-walled structures allow significant part weight reduction MATERIALS Most plastics on the market are entirely synthetic (most commonly derived from petrochemicals). However, given the growing environmental concern, plastics derived from renewable materials such as Polylactic Acid (PLA) are also popular on the market. Due to their low cost, ease of manufacture, versatility and water resistance, plastics are used in a multitude of products and sectors. In the AM sector, 3D printing plastics are also prevalent43. ABS ABS filament is the most commonly used 3D printing plastics. It is used in the bodywork of cars, appliances, and mobile phone cases. It is a thermoplastic which contains a base of elastomers based on polybutadiene, making it more flexible, and resistant to shocks. ABS can also be found in powder form for powder bed processes such as SLS, and liquid form for SLA and PolyJet technologies. ABS is used in 3D printing when heated between 230ºC and 260ºC. It is a rigid material, able to withstand temperatures of -20ºC to 80ºC easily. In addition to its high strength, it is a reusable material and can be welded with chemical processes. However, ABS is not biodegradable and shrinks in contact with air, so the printing platform must be heated to prevent warping. Moreover, it is recommended to use a closed chamber 3D printer to limit particle emissions when printing with ABS. PLA Known as polylactic acid, or PLA, this material has the benefit of being biodegradable, unlike ABS. PLA is manufactured using renewable raw materials such as corn starch. PLA is one of the most comfortable materials to print, though it does tend to shrink slightly after 3D printing. You don’t require a heated platform when printing in PLA, unlike with ABS. PLA also prints at a lower temperature than ABS, between 190ºC to 230ºC. PLA is a more difficult material to manipulate due to its high cooling and solidification speed. It is also important to mention that models can deteriorate when in contact with water. However, the material is consistent, simple to use, and comes in a wide variety of colours, making it suitable for FDM 3D printing44. 43 44 3D Printing Materials Guide: Plastics 3D Printing Materials Guide: Plastics 40 | P a g e Figure 18: 3D printing filament tubes PET Polyethene terephthalate, or PET, is commonly seen in disposable plastic bottles. PET is the ideal filament for any pieces intended for contact with food. Moreover, the material is relatively rigid and has good chemical resistance. To obtain the best results when printing with PET, print between 75 – 90ºC. PET is commonly marketed as a translucent filament, with variants such as PETG, PETE, and PETT also sold. Advantages of PET include that the material doesn’t release any odours when printing, and is 100% recyclable. Figure 19: PET filaments 41 | P a g e PETG PETG, or glycolized polyester, is a thermoplastic widely used in the additive manufacturing market, combining both the simplicity of PLA 3D printing and the strength of ABS. It is an amorphous plastic, which can be 100% recycled. It has the same chemical composition as polyethylene terephthalate, better known by its acronym PET. Glycol has been added to reduce its brittleness and therefore its fragility. POLYCARBONATE (PC) Polycarbonate (PC) is a high strength material designed for engineering applications. The material has good temperature resistance, able to resist any physical deformation up to around 150ºC. However, PC is prone to absorbing moisture from the air, which can affect performance and printing resistance. Therefore, the PC has to be stored in airtight containers. The AM industry highly values PC for its strength and transparency. It has a much lower density than glass, making it particularly interesting for designing optical parts, protective screens or decorative objects. HIGH-PERFORMANCE POLYMERS (PEEK, PEKK, ULTEM) The evolution of 3D printing technologies has led to extensive research work on printing materials, enabling the development of a whole range of high-performance filaments with mechanical characteristics similar to those of metals. There are several types of high-performance 3D printing plastics such as PEEK, PEKK or ULTEM they are distinguished by the family such as polyaryletherketones (PAEK) or polyetherimides (PEI). These filaments have a very high mechanical and thermal resistance, are very strong and at the same time much lighter than some metals. These properties make them very attractive in the aerospace, automotive and medical sectors. Due to their characteristics, high-performance polymers cannot be printed on all FDM machines on the market. Indeed, the 3D printer must have a heating plate capable of reaching at least 230°C, an extrusion at 350°C and a closed chamber. Today, about 65% of these materials are printed with FDM technology, but they are also found in powder form, compatible with SLS technology. POLYPROPYLENE (PP) Polypropylene is another thermoplastic widely used in the automotive sector, professional textiles sector, and in the manufacturing of hundreds of everyday objects. PP is known for its resistance to abrasion and its ability to absorb shocks, as well as relative rigidity and flexibility. However, drawbacks of the material include its lowtemperature resistance and sensitivity to UV rays which can cause it to expand. Due to this, several manufacturers have developed alternative types of PP, similar-profiles, which are healthier both physically and mechanically. NYLON Objects made from polyamides (nylon) are usually created from a fine, white, granular powder with SLS technology. There are however some variants of the material such as nylon that are also available in filaments used in FDM. Due to its biocompatibility, polyamides can be used to create parts that come into contact with food (except foods that contain alcohol). Constituted of semi-crystalline structures, polyamides have a right balance of chemical and mechanical characteristics that offer good stability, rigidity, flexibility, and shock resistance. These advantages mean that the material has many applications across sectors and offers a high level of detail. Due to its high quality, 42 | P a g e polyamides are used in the manufacture of gears, parts for the aerospace market, automotive market, robotics, medical prostheses, and injection moulds. RESINS (FOR PHOTOPOLYMERIZATION-BASED 3D PRINTING) 3D printing technologies based on photopolymerization use UV-sensitive resins to create objects layer by layer. In other words, they use a light source such as a laser or LCD screen to solidify a liquid photopolymer. Technologies include SLA, DLP, and even Material Jetting (PolyJet). Creating parts using resins results in great detail and smooth surface objects, nevertheless, the colour range is still relatively limited using this process. What differentiates resins from FDM filaments is that it is impossible to mix resins to obtain different results quite quickly. Standard resin has properties similar to ABS: the surface finish of the part will be reasonable given the photopolymerization process; however, mechanical properties will be moderate. More advanced resins do exist for technical applications such as in dentistry (also need to be biocompatible), or engineering. Additionally, flexible resins that offer greater flexibility and deformation can be used to make jewellery. Over the years, manufacturers have expanded their range of liquid photopolymers to answer manufacturing needs from various sectors. Therefore, you should be able to find resins that have high-temperature resistance, can withstand large impacts, or that have high elongation properties. Figure 20: 3D printing resin EQUIPMENT Initially, UniPrinter 3D will look at equipment which is reasonably easy for application and moderately priced. With an increase in skillset, labour and technical know-how, the company will look to expand the range of equipment. As UniPrinter 3D aims to provide services in the most popular techniques for AM, the selection of printers are based on manufacturing techniques and technical ability of the equipment. With the increase in 43 | P a g e manufacturing capabilities and demand for manufacturing products for the company, UniPrinter 3D will look upon for more advanced equipment procurement in due time. FORM LABS FORM 3L Each Form 3L large-format Low Force Stereolithography 3D printer includes the essential tools required to start printing and a one-year warranty. The large-format 3D printer is compact enough for an office and robust enough for the factory floor. Whether you’re packing the build volume for batch production or printing bulky parts, the Form 3L maintains ideal print conditions for nonstop throughput with minimal supervision. The Form 3L provides the incredible surface finish and sufficient detail that stereolithography 3D printing is known for. The Form 3L includes a Finish Kit with a Rinse Bucket and a set of Cleaning Tools to help keep your workspace clean and organized while putting the finishing touches on your large format 3D printed parts. The printer scales up in-house print production operation, to take control of large-scale part production, increase your throughput, and bring the most significant ideas to life45. Printer Form 3L Technology Low Force Stereolithography (LFS)™ XY Resolution 25 MICRONS Laser Spot Size 85 MICRONS Laser Power Two 250 mW lasers Build Volume (W x D x H) 33.5 × 20 × 30 cm 13.2 × 7.9 × 11.8 in Layer Thickness 25 – 300 microns (.001 – .012 in) Supports Auto-Generated Light-Touch Removal Operating Environment 18 – 28 °C (64 – 82 °F) Laser Specifications 2 Light Processing Units EN 60825-1:2007 certified Class 1 Laser Product 405 nm wavelength 250 mW power 85 micron (0.0033 in) laser spot 45 Form 3L Basic Package 44 | P a g e Connectivity Wi-Fi (2.4, 5 GHz) Ethernet (1000 Mbit) USB 2.0 Printer Control 5.5" interactive touchscreen 1280 × 720 resolution File Types STL and OBJ file input FORM file output Price $10,999 SINTERIT LISA PRO 3D PRINTER Sinterit Lisa Pro 3D Printer is among the few trendsetters. This is considered the first actual bench top-sized SLS 3D printer. The machine is manufactured in Poland. The 3D printer offers a build volume of 150 x 200 x 150 mm, which is considerably bigger from the previous models. Plus, the minimum layer resolution one can achieve is 0.075 microns. You can use it with PA12 as well as TPU when 3D printing. The machine is very delightful and interactive in terms of its interface. You can carry 3D printing step by step as being led by some professionals. Printer SINTERIT LISA PRO Technology Selective Laser Sintering Printing material Powder Laser system IR Laser Diode 5 [W] ; λ =808 [nm] Dimensions 690 x 500 x 880 [mm] (27.1 x 19.7 x 34.6 [in]) Weight 90.0 [kg] (198 [lbs]) Max. size of print diagonally (depending on the material) 316 [mm] (12.4 [in]) Flexa/TPE - high accuracy max print volume 110 x 150 x 245 [mm] (4.3 x 5.9 x 9.6 [in]) PA - high accuracy max print volume 90 x 130 x 230 [mm] (3.5 x 5.1 x 9 [in]) Size of Print Bed 150 x 200 x 260 [mm] (5.9 x 7.9 x 10.2 [in]) 45 | P a g e XY accuracy from 0,05 [mm] (0.002 [in]) Printer Control 5.5" interactive touchscreen 1280 × 720 resolution File Types STL and OBJ file input FORM file output Price $20,645.00 PROX DMP 100 The smallest of the ProX DMP line, the ProX DMP 100 is designed as the entry point to 3D printed metal manufacturing of small, complex serviceable detail metal parts at high quality using Direct Metal Printing (DMP). The ProX DMP 100 features a build volume of 100 x 100 x 100 mm (3.94 x 3.94 x 3.94 in) along with manual material loading and an optional, atmospheric controlled, external recycling station. The system supports Stainless 17-4PH and CoCr. Most delicate details, thinnest wall thicknesses 3D Systems’ patented layer compacting technology allows using smaller particles, which in turn helps to generate the sufficient feature detail available in the market and thinnest possible wall thicknesses. With a surface finish quality of up to 5 Ra μm (200 Ra micro-inches) less post-processing is required, and sharpest corner radiuses are achieved. Due to the proprietary powder deposition system, the ProX DMP 100 builds down to 20° angles without supports. All overhanging surfaces benefit from this much better surface quality compared to competing machines. Less support and improved surface quality ultimately mean less post-processing and less material usage – saving time and cost. Also, you can build parts which are difficult to achieve with other printers. Printer PROX DMP 100 Manufacturer 3D Systems Technology Direct Metal Printing Laser system 100 W/Fiber laser Build Volume (X x Y x Z) 100x100x90mm (3.94x3.94x3.54 in) LaserForm® metal alloy choices with developed print parameters LaserForm CoCr (B) LaserForm 17-4PH (B) LaserForm 316L (B) LaserForm CoCr (C) Material Deposition Roller Typical Accuracy ± 0.1-0.2% with ± 50 μm minimum Control Software PX Control V3 46 | P a g e Price $250,000 STRATASYS F123 SERIES F123 Series 3D printers offer engineers, designers and educators affordable printing with reliable, industrialgrade results. They're the result of 30 years of research and development in FDM technology that let you prototype faster and build production parts with repeatable results. Designed for ease of use, F123 Series printers don't require unique 3D printing expertise. Plug-and-play capability, fast and easy material swaps, and auto-calibration mean more time printing, maximizing productivity. The F123 Series works with a range of materials – so you can produce complex parts with flexibility and accuracy. And it includes advanced features like Fast Draft mode for truly rapid prototyping and soluble support to prevent design compromise and handson removal. All designed to shorten your product development cycle and keep you ahead of the competition. F123 provides a solution for every stage of your work cycle, from prototypes to manufacturing floor solutions. Printer Stratasys F123 Series System Size and Weight 1,626 x 864 x 711 mm (64 x 34 x 28 in.), 227 kg (500 lbs) Accuracy +/- .200 mm (.008 in), or +/- .002 mm/mm Operating Environment temperature: 15 – 30 ºC (59 – 86 ºF), Maximum Build Size (XYZ) 355 x 254 x 355 mm (14 x 10 x 14 in.) Price $50,000 47 | P a g e MARKETING PLAN The current marketing plan includes the following channels for marketing, promotion, sales, and distribution:    Online Advertising & Promotion Offline Advertising & Promotion Relationship building with clients WEBSITE We are in the process of redesigning our website http://www.url.com/. The website contains extensive details about many of the start-ups and businesses we have worked within the past. It also contains details about our products and services. We will update the website with details, pictures, and videos of our products. The website will also serve as a marketing channel to create interest. We will regularly post sneak-peek trailers and videos as well as upload information and news update the development concept. The website will display a section for businesses to register and subscribe to newsletters and email updates to monitor the progress of the company’s development. EMAIL MARKETING We will use emails to reach potential customers. Marketing automation has made it possible for companies to adopt email-marketing strategies and define their target market and client segments so that the designed content is suitable for them and helps in delivering the right message /information /newsletter. It also helps in building PR and building a channel of communication. The emails will contain our website link, newsletters, information-based content and services details. An email list will allow us to deliver updates and content to the user base and create more awareness. CONTENT MARKETING The power of content is strong as people read before entering into a buyer-seller relationship. Content-based marketing will be essential to create the company’s digital identity. Client stories about success are often the first thing that catches the eye of individuals. By using testimonials, we will be adding credibility to the company’s services. The use of a blog, guest bloggers, press releases and newsletters fulfill the company’s content marketing needs. We will use other media like videos and animation as well to make content attractive. Every time the company updates a blog post, it will create a new page that will attract more user traffic, which will, in turn, lead to more opportunities to show up in search engines and drive traffic to the social media websites in organic search. ONLINE-ADS We will use online ads for search engine marketing and strengthening our online presence to gain traffic. PPC and sponsored ads will be designed for people who fall in our target market and are searching for relevant content online. 48 | P a g e Online marketing efforts will also provide us with the advantage of measuring market statistics quickly and inexpensively. Almost all aspects of an Internet marketing campaign can be tracked, measured, and tested by using an ad server as well as a variety of methods, such as pay per impression, pay per click, pay per play, and pay per action. SOCIAL MEDIA MARKETING Social networking has become a useful marketing tool. It is no longer about communication, but rather, it has evolved into a medium through which people share their experiences, ideas, and thoughts. Also, social media allows brand knowledge to be passed on by word-of-mouth. People tend to rely on these sources more as opposed to other marketing methods. We will initially set up and create social media pages on different channels, including LinkedIn, Instagram and Facebook. To generate followers, we will send out invitations to a network of influencers with a large number of followers and use their network to spread our name. Once we have developed a small following, we will begin creating posts to generate interest in our services. Our initial posts will create curiosity and spread awareness about our products. SEARCH ENGINE OPTIMIZATION The strategies of search engine optimization (SEO) and pay-per-click (PPC) ads will support our website and our company name rank in search engine results. We will prefer to stay competitive on Google, Bing and Yahoo search engines. We will develop our website using all the popular methods that fulfill the needs of organic traffic generation by using strong content and keywords. PRESS EDITORIALS AND RELEASES Press release and editorials will be used to attract publicity, achieving a more significant impact on the target audience. We will create public awareness and knowledge through their PR campaigns, reaching a broader target audience and attracting attention, resultantly creating brand recognition. The campaigns would also assist in providing relevant knowledge about the beliefs and aims of our company. We will use press release and editorials to provide information to the public and create a campaign to help promote our firm’s name. 49 | P a g e FINANCIALS INCOME STATEMENT Income Statement for the period ended Revenue Less Direct Costs Gross Profit Administrative Expenses Staff Salaries Office Rent Utilities Travelling Expense Office Rent Utilities Commission on Sale Bank Loan Interest Depreciation Total Expense Net profit before tax (EBIT) Provision for Income Tax Net Profit after tax Year 1 9,486,569 4,333,756 5,152,813 Year 2 13,086,563 5,956,993 7,129,570 Year 3 15,103,533 6,868,032 8,235,501 Year 4 17,432,382 7,919,586 9,512,796 Year 5 20,119,251 9,132,428 10,986,823 83,640 62,828 27,718 13,859 57,593 27,718 711,493 9,624 42,554 1,037,028 4,115,784 617,368 3,498,417 87,822 69,111 30,490 15,245 63,352 30,490 981,492 8,209 170,867 1,457,080 5,672,490 850,874 4,821,617 92,213 76,022 33,539 16,770 69,687 33,539 1,132,765 6,724 170,867 1,632,127 6,603,375 990,506 5,612,868 96,824 83,624 36,893 18,447 76,656 36,893 1,307,429 5,164 387,512 2,049,442 7,463,354 1,119,503 6,343,851 101,665 91,987 40,583 20,291 84,321 40,583 1,508,944 3,526 355,220 2,247,119 8,739,705 1,310,956 7,428,749 BALANCE SHEET Balance Sheet as at Assets Current Assets: Cash and Cash equivalents Accounts Receivable Total Current Assets Non - Current Assets Printer Total Non Current Assets Total Assets Liabilities and Equity Equity: Capital Stock Retained Earnings Non Current Liabilities: Bank Loan Current Liabilities: Accounts Payable Bank Overdraft Total liabilities and equity Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 3,153,966 779,718 3,933,684 7,145,766 1,855,326 9,001,092 12,221,412 3,096,712 15,318,124 17,488,141 4,529,511 22,017,652 24,334,685 6,183,148 30,517,833 85,121 85,121 4,018,805 299,232 299,232 9,300,324 128,364 128,364 15,446,488 390,852 390,852 22,408,504 35,632 35,632 30,553,466 3,498,417 8,320,033 13,932,902 20,276,753 27,705,502 164,190 134,475 103,276 70,516 36,118 356,199 845,815 1,410,311 2,061,236 2,811,846 4,018,805 9,300,324 15,446,488 22,408,504 30,553,466 50 | P a g e CASHFLOW STATEMENT Cash Flow Statement for the period ended Year 1 Net Profit after tax Non Cash Items Total Depreciation Add: Changes to Working Capital Dec/(Inc.) in Accounts Receivable Inc/(Dec.) in Accounts Payable Cash Flow From Operations Cash Flow From investing activities Printer Cash Flow From Investing activities Cash Flow From financing activities Issue of Equity (Capital Funding) Bank Loan Loan Repayment Cash Flow From Financing Activities Add: Opening Cash Balance Closing Cash Balance Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 3,498,417 4,821,617 5,612,868 6,343,851 7,428,749 42,554 170,867 170,867 387,512 355,220 - 779,718 356,199 3,117,452 1,075,608 489,616 4,406,492 1,241,386 564,496 5,106,845 1,432,798 650,925 5,949,490 - 127,676 127,676 - - 192,489 28,299 164,190 3,153,966 384,978 384,978 29,714 29,714 - - - 31,200 31,200 - 650,000 650,000 32,760 32,760 - 1,653,637 750,610 6,880,942 - 34,398 34,398 3,153,966 7,145,766 12,221,412 17,488,141 7,145,766 12,221,412 17,488,141 24,334,685 CT US Address Phone & Fax E-mail & Web 51 | P a g e