Chaudhry Azhar Hameed

Philosophical Movements: 1. Absolutism (Absolute Truth) Any theory holding that values, principles, etc., are absolute and not relative, dependent or changeable. My View: Its existence is objective and unlimited in, or beyond space and time, to which human knowledge is restricted. Example: This was probably due partially to his relinquishment of absolutism and partially to his personality. Agreed: I agreed because its advantages of unity instability and national glory, exemplified by the fabulous court of Versailles, was very persuasive indeed. 2. Absurdism (Find Meaning): The philosophical and literacy doctrine that human beings live in essential isolation in a meaningless and irrational world. My View: To find rational explanation or meaning in the universe ultimately fail because no such meaning exists, at least to human being. Example: The crash and rebirth we don’t actually have free wills, so we are not actually making any decision. Agreed: I agreed because a search for meaning in inherently in conflicts with the actual lack of meanings, but that one should accept this one simultaneously rebel against it by embracing what life has to offer. 3. Existentialism (Presence): Existentialism is a philosophy which stresses the importance of human experience, and says that everyone is responsible for the results of their own actions. My View: It is the view that human define their own meaning in life and try to make rational decisions despite existing in an irrational universe. Example: Modern educational systems of the philosophy of education consist of religious and rational humanism, pragmatism, existentialism, and analytical philosophy Agreed: I agreed because existentialism states that everyone is responsible for the results of their own actions 4. Aestheticism (Find good in life): The acceptance of artistic beauty and taste as a fundamental standard, ethical and other standards being secondary. My View: It is closely related to the philosophy of arts which is concerned with the nature of art and the concepts in terms of which individual works of art are interpreted and evaluated. Example: Aesthetic means the pleasant, positive or artful appearance of a person or a thing. An example of the word is aesthetic is to say that particulars car is beautiful of or characteristics of aestheticism in the arts of or concerting the appreciation of beauty or good taste. Agreed: I agreed because humans are like pretty and shiny designs, they desire it much more than functional one, we enjoy looking and using aesthetically pleasuring design, because it satisfies our senses and gives us pleasures. 5. Cynicism (Absence of belief in goodness): Cynicism is the belief that people always act selfishly. My View: The world belongs equally to everyone, and that suffering it caused by false Judgments of what is valuable and by the worthless customs and conversation which surround society. Example: The definition of cynicism is an attitude of suspicion where you believe that future is bleak and the people are acting only out of self-interest. An example of cynicism is when you always think the worst and have a hard time seeing the good in anyone. Agreed: There is a number of ways being cyclical can change your brain, and it can impact everything from your mood to even your risk of disease in the future. Although it may not come naturally to your, adopting a more optimistic attitude can help bring about some positive changes into your life. 6. Deism (Suprone being created the world): Deism is belief in a God who created the world but has since remained indifferent to it. My View: Deism emphasize the concept of natural theory (that is, God’s existence id revealed through nature). Deism is a form of monotheism in which it is believed that one God exists but that this God doesn’t intervenes in the world, or interfere with human life. Example: For example some deists believe that God never intervenes in human affairs while other deists believe as George Washington did that God does intervenes through providence but that providence in “Inscrutable” likewise, some deists believe in an afterlife while these do not etc. Agreed: I agreed because deism is a system of belief about God that includes everything we can know by the use of unaided human reason and rejects any theological beliefs that can’t be proven by reason and can only be known by God’s revolutions to us through sacred scriptures. 7. Empiricism (Experience through Senses): Empiricism is the belief that people should rely on practical experience and experiments, rather than on theories, as a basis for knowledge. My View: Empiricism is the theory that the origin of all knowledge is sense experience. It emphasizes the role of experience and evidence, especially sensory perception in the formation of ideas and argues the only knowledge humans can have sense based experience. Example: Moderate empiricists believe that significant knowledge come from our experience but also know that there are truths that are not based on direct experience for example, a math problems such as 2+2 = 4, is a fact that does not have to be investigated or experienced in order to be true. Agreed: Empiricism is an important part of the scientific method because theories and hypotheses must be observed and tested to be considered accurate. Empiricists tend to be skeptical that anything can be known for certain and therefore, they tend not to believe in dogmas or absolute truths. 8. Rationalism: Rationalism is the belief that your life should be based on reason and logic, rather than emotions or religious beliefs. My View: Rationalism regards reasons as the chief source and test of knowledge or what’s true- truth, in the case of rationalism, is not sensory but intellectual, which is why rationalists believe that knowledge can be acquired through reason alone. Example: Rationalism is the philosophical view that knowledge is acquired through reason, without the aid of the senses. Mathematics knowledge is the best example of this, since through rational thought alone we can plumb the depth of numerical relations, construct proofs, and deduce ever more complex mathematical concepts. Agreed: I agreed because rationalism has long been the rival of empiricism, the doctrine that all knowledge comes from and must be tested by sense experience. As again this doctrine rationalism holds reason to be a faculty that can hold of truths beyond the reach of sense perception, both in certainly and generality. 9. Idealism: Idealism is treatment of subject matter in a work of art in which a mental conception of beauty or form is stressed, characterized usually by the selection of particular features of various models and their combination into a whole according to a standard of perfection My View: Idealism is the oldest system of philosophy known to man. It origins go back to ancient India in the fast in the West. It basic view point stresses the human spirit as the universe is viewed as essentially nominated in its ultimate nature. Example: The saying “mind over matter” is another one that provides an example of idealism in everyday life. The idea behind that saying is that if you believe something to be true and focus on that, then ultimately it will come to reflect your reality. Agreed: The essential orientation of idealism can be sensed through some of its typical tents: “Truth is the whole or the Absolute”, “to be is to be perceived”, and reality reveals its ultimate nature more faithfully in its highest qualities than in its lowest”. 10. Realism: Realism is the theory that the sense of a statement is given by a specification of its truth conditions, or that there is a reality independent of the speaker's conception of it that determines the truth or falsehood of every statement. My View: As you might imagine, there is a heavy emphasis on math and science, though the humanities can also be influenced by educational realism realists are the view that knowledge obtained through sense is real. Example: Realism is a presentation of how things really are, or being practical and facing facts. An example of realism is the rejection of mythic being the representation in art or literature of objects, actions or social conditions as they actually are without idealization or presentation in abstract form. Agreed: I agreed because realism varies dimensions existing in international politics. It also gives an account of how these politics have been influenced and changed over time. This has played a significant role in helping different people as well as groups to construe individual’s politics in relation to international policies.