Arianne Almera Adol

ROLE OF FLUOROCARBONS IN ACHIEVING THE PARIS AGREEMENT GOALS Contents of the Presentation 01 02 04 05 Introduction Key Takeaways In the Spotlight: Fluorocarbons 03 Fluorocarbons and the Paris Agreement Sources Asian Development Bank | Role of Fluorocarbons in Achieving the Paris Agreement Goals Rising temperatures across the globe is one of the major drivers of growing use of cooling systems and resulting increase for energy demand. Global stock of A/Cs will grow to 5.6 billion by 2050 (10 A/Cs sold per second) Global energy demand from A/Cs is expected to triple by 2050 Emissions from cooling could increase by 90 percent by 2050 Asian Development Bank | Role of Fluorocarbons in Achieving the Paris Agreement Goals Introduction What are fluorocarbons? How did they become important in the global fight against climate change and its adverse effects? Asian Development Bank | Role of Fluorocarbons in Achieving the Paris Agreement Goals In the Spotlight: Fluorocarbons Fluorocarbons Nature • Organofluorine compounds that contain only carbon and fluorine • Relatively low reactivity and high polarity • Very slow degradation Use • Refrigerants or coolants • Propellants • Solvents, chemical cleaners (stain removers) • Lubricants, friction reducer (Teflon) Impacts • Persistent organic pollutants • Greenhouse effect, Global warming • CFC and HCFC with ozonedestroying properties Concerns • HFCs are ozonesafe but with high GWP • Some HFCs have short lifespan in the atmosphere; others have as long as 40 years, or longer HFC-227ea - 38.9 years HFC-23 - 222 years Asian Development Bank | Role of Fluorocarbons in Achieving the Paris Agreement Goals Fluorocarbons, or their phasedown and eventual permanent replacement by a low/zero GWP compound, play a significant role in the Paris Agreement and its goals Restrict global warming to well below 2 degrees Celsius Commitments/targets to reduce GHG emissions as part of Nationally Determined Contributions(NDCs) Asian Development Bank | Role of Fluorocarbons in Achieving the Paris Agreement Goals Fluorocarbons & The Paris Agreement Trends & Events CFC Phase- HFC Trend out->HCFC • Fastest growing GHG emission Phase-down • Worldwide phase-out of CFCs - 2010 • HCFCs phase-out by 2030 (initially 2040) in developing countries (10-15% per year) • HFC emissions are projected to peak before 2040 and decline to less than 1 GtCO2-eq yr−1 by 2100 Business as Usual • If no measures are taken, it is estimated that HFCs will amount to 9-19% of total CO2 emissions by 2050. • Unabated growth of HFCs = 0.1°C temperature rise in 2050 (+0.5°C by 2100) HFC Phasedown A phase down of HFCs = estimated 6 to 10% of the total GHG reductions by 2050 Asian Development Bank | Role of Fluorocarbons in Achieving the Paris Agreement Goals HFC Phase-down (as CO2e) 2019 - 10% phasedown 2024, 2028 - Freeze (Group 1 & 2, respectively 2036, 2045, 2047 - Plateau (85% phasedown) Asian Development Bank | Role of Fluorocarbons in Achieving the Paris Agreement Goals Developed Countries Developing Countries Actions & Initiatives International agreements have been started and sustained to combat climate change, with some focusing in specific sectors, such as the Montreal Protocol that targets ozonedepleting substances (ODS). This sector-based approach considered effective in tackling climate change. Asian Development Bank | Role of Fluorocarbons in Achieving the Paris Agreement Goals Kigali Amendment Biarritz Pledge, EU F-gas Regulation Initiative on Life Cycle Management of Fluorocarbons International agreement that aims for the phasedown of HFC consumption and production Aims to improve the energy efficiency of the cooling sector using energy performance standards and labelling, and facilitating market access A quota system for producers and importers of refrigerants and cooling agents with high GWP (HFC consumption down 38% in 2018) vis-à-vis: The Paris Agreement Target: 2°C NDCs Combining the phase down of HFC production and consumption with energy efficiency gains in cooling is expected to double the anticipated CO2e savings, avoiding as much as 1°C of global warming Reducing the growing climate impact of the cooling sector has significant potential that can be taken advantage of in strengthening the NDCs of country partners/signatories to the Paris Agreement Energy Efficiency Framework for national energy efficiency policies covering the cooling sector Alignment Countries may align mitigation actions in the cooling sector with their targets under the MP and the Paris Agreement under the UNFCCC. Asian Development Bank | Role of Fluorocarbons in Achieving the Paris Agreement Goals Key Takeaways If no measures are taken: • the cooling sector will solely be responsible to direct and indirect emissions that will cause 0.3-0.5°C spike in global temperature by 2100 Global Actions The Paris Agreement A sector-approach to combating climate change is considered effective. The following international agreements are focused on reducing HFC emissions and its adverse impacts: • Kigali Amendment • Biarritz Pledge, others HFC reduction is important to the two major goals of the Paris Agreement: • Maximized climate benefits and early mitigation action (through phasedown & phase-out) to veer towards a global average temperature increase of well below 2°C • Country targets and commitments to reduce GHG emissions as reported in NDCs must include plans and actions to be taken regarding the cooling sector Asian Development Bank | Role of Fluorocarbons in Achieving the Paris Agreement Goals Business as Usual Sources • “Advancing Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) through Climate-Friendly Refrigeration and Air Conditioning.” n.d. Climate & Clean Air Coalition. Accessed February 1, 2022. https://www.ccacoalition.org/en/resources/advancing-nationally-determined-contributions-ndcs-throughclimate-friendly-refrigeration. • “Air Conditioning Use Emerges as One of the Key Drivers of Global Electricity-Demand Growth - News.” n.d. IEA. https://www.iea.org/news/air-conditioning-use-emerges-as-one-of-the-key-drivers-of-global-electricitydemand-growth. • “Cooling Emissions and Policy Synthesis Report.” n.d. Accessed February 1, 2022. https://wedocs.unep.org/bitstream/handle/-/33094/CoolRep.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y. • “Fluorocarbon.” n.d. Www.chemeurope.com. Accessed February 1, 2022. https://www.chemeurope.com/en/encyclopedia/Fluorocarbon.html. • “Hydrofluorocarbons.” n.d. Climate & Clean Air Coalition. Accessed February 1, 2022. https://www.ccacoalition.org/fr/slcps/hydrofluorocarbonshfcs?fbclid=IwAR3bHezJ3z0XsXdXoOLfWkL6fQLPXXMfyk2cbTgAgnZJGepqdh_N6-VV4jQ. • “Initiative on Fluorocarbons Life Cycle Management Ministry of the Environment, Japan.” 2020. PowerPoint プレ ゼンテーション (env.go.jp) • SCHMIDT, JAKE, NED HELME, JIN LEE, and MARK HOUDASHELT. 2008. “Sector-Based Approach to the Post-2012 Climate Change Policy Architecture.” Climate Policy 8 (5): 494–515. https://doi.org/10.3763/cpol-. Asian Development Bank | Role of Fluorocarbons in Achieving the Paris Agreement Goals End of Presentation Asian Development Bank | Role of Fluorocarbons in Achieving the Paris Agreement Goals