Ali Raza

 Bacterial ear rot, TunD, ear cockle of wheat Casual organism:- Rathayibacter tritici previously known as Clavibacter tritici Symptoms:- The first symptom appear as a wrinkling of lower leaf and twisting of central leaf. Bright yellow sticky slimy exuded enveloping the entire ear. During summer the color of exudate become dry and dark yellow in color and this cause the distortion of plant pars. The galls are Produce in the seed that’s why the name as cockle of wheat. The symptoms appears only at the time of maturity. Diseases cycle:- Both are necessary for infection. The bacteria survives in infected seed galls. Next year when these galls are sow transmit the disease. The nematode survive in the soil and mechanically enter into the plant and when plant become mature it cause infection so it cause the rooting of ears. Up to 50% symptoms shows presence of bacteria. Management:- Sowing of galls free seed. Galls can be remove by dipping the seed into brine solution @ 25Kg of salt into 125 liters of water. Collect the galls from the solution and then sow. hot water treatment presoaking at room temperature for 24 hours next day dip in the water temperature of 54-560C for 10-12 minutes. Soil treatment with carbofuran to control the nematode and also prevent the infection from bacteria. Proper field sanitation