Ali Raza

Bacterial ear rot of wheat:- Casual organisms:- Rathaybacter tritici previously name as Clavibactor tritici Symptom:- First symptoms appear as wrinkling of lower leaves. Twisting of central leaves. Bright yellow streaky exudate envelop entire ear. During hot summer weather the color of this exudate become dark, yellow and crustaceous. Distortion of plant parts. The galls are produced in seeds. So the name of the disease is cockle. And symptoms appear only when crop reach at maturity. Disease cycle:- The bacteria cannot survive in soil only survive in gall seed which carry this bacterium from one season and two another season when galls are in the field for next year. And nematode survive in the soil and enter in the plant and it is endoparasite. When plant reach it maturity it cause the infection. It cause the rotting of ear. Upto 50% of the gall show the presence of bacterium. Management:- Sowing of gall free seed and gall can be removed by dipping the seed in brine solution of 20kg of common salt 125⁰C of water. So collect the seed gall from the surface of the field. Hot water treatment. Presoaking of seed at ordinary temperature for 24 hour next day dip the seed at 54⁰C-56⁰C for 10-12 minutes. Soil treatment with oldicaribe and carbofuran is effective to control the nematode and prevent the infection by bacterium. The field should be well drained. Disease plant carefully uprooted and burned so ear cockled.