Adegoke Musa Olatunji

KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND UTILIZATION OF BREAST CANCER SCREENING METHODS AMONG FEMALE UNDERGRADUATES OF UNIVERSITIES IN KWARA STATE ADEGOKE, MUSA OLATUNJI [B.Sc. (Ed.), M.Ed. Ilorin] 10/25OA068 A Ph. D. Thesis presented to the Department of Health Promotion and Environmental Health Education, Faculty of Education, University of Ilorin of Ilorin, Ilorin in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of Doctor of Philosophy Degree (Ph.D.) in Health Education Supervisor: Prof. O. L. Olaitan 5 October 2023 INTRODUCTION Meaning of Cancer World Health Organization (2021); American Cancer Society (2019) Meaning of Breast Cancer (Chagpar, 2023). Burden of Breast Cancer 2.3 million of new cases across the world in 2020 (WHO, 2021) It accounts for 14,274 deaths in Nigeria in the year 2020 (GLOBOCAN, 2021) 5 October 2023 2 BC is preventable and its mortality can be reduced only if the at-risk group have adequate knowledge of breast cancer screening; Do regular breast check up. Commence appropriate treatment when cancer is suspected Breast Cancer Screening Methods ABC OF BREAST SCREENING BSE CBE MAMMOGRAPHY BREAST ULTRASOUND SCAN (USS) 5 October 2023 3 SOP Low enrolment @ LEAH medical screening center, Ilorin Researcher’s experience with female students on breast cancer screening Death of a researcher Classmate with pseudo name (THUNDAR) due to breast Cancer COMMUNITY BASED GAP HOSPITAL BASED INSTITUTION BASED It is upon this premise this study investigated KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND UTILIZATION OF BREAST CANCER SCREENING METHODS AMONG FEMALE UNDERGRADUATES OF UNIVERSITIES IN KWARA STATE 5 October 2023 4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS What is the KNOWLEDGE ATTITUDE UTILIZATION BREAST CANCER SCREENING METHODS Among female Undergraduates of Universities in Kwara State 5 October 2023 5 RESEARCH HYPOTHESES There is no significant difference in the KNOWLEDGE ATTITUDE UTILIZATION BREAST CANCER SCREENING METHODS Course Type Institution Type of female Undergraduates of Universities in Kwara State 5 October 2023 6 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY Beneficiaries The female undergraduates of universities in Kwara State Universities authorities Government and Non-Governmental Organizations Health educators Future researchers 5 October 2023 7 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE Relevant literature were reviewed on knowledge attitude and utilization of breast cancer screening methods: Raji, et al (2021) knowledge, attitude and uptake of mammography among female health workers in two tertiary health facilities of Sokoto state. Oluwatobi, et al (2021) Breast Cancer Screening: Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Female Youths in Lugbe Community of Abuja Nigeria. Ojewusi and Arulogun (2016) Knowledge of breast cancer and screening practices of female Senior Secondary (SS) school teachers in Ibadan North local government area of Ibadan, Nigeria. Ojong, et al (2016) Breast cancer awareness and practice of breast self-examination among women in Adiabo community in Odukpani Local Government Area of Cross River State. Sani, Naab, and Aziato (2016) Influence of educational level on knowledge and practice of breast selfexamination among women in Sokoto, Nigeria. 5 October 2023 8 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY RESEARCH DESIGN Descriptive cross sectional research design All Female UG of Universities in Kwara State POPULATION TARGET POPULATION SAMPLE 10/5/2023 25, 328 = Female UG of University of Ilorin. KWASU & AL-HIKMAH 23, 839 = 590 Female undergraduates from the 3 selected Universities (Academic Planning Unit, 2019). 9 Cluster ST: 1:2:3 S1 SAMPLING TECHNIQUES Multi-stage SP ( Universities selection) Purposive ST Unilorin, Kwasu & Al-hikmah Uni. S2 S3 (Students selection) Proportionate ST ( Faculties selection) Proportionate ST Random ST 5.76% of female students in the selected 9 faculties/colleges from each of the 3 Universities Accidental ST 30% of faculties/colleges in each of the 3 Universities = 9 10/5/2023 To select female students from different gatherings in their faculties 11 RESEARCH INSTRUMENT VALIDITY RELIABILITY PROCEDURE FOR DATA COLLECTION METHOD OF DATA ANALYSIS 10/5/2023 A closed-ended questionnaire titled (QKAUBCSM) 3 Experts : from HPEHED ❖ ❖ ❖ ❖ LAUTECH, Ogbomosho Split half technique Spearman Brown Prophesy Formular r= 0.86 ▪ Letter of introduction from HOD ▪ Permission from Deans of the faculties. ▪ Administration & retrieval of the instrument by researcher and assistants ✓ Descriptive analysis demographic variables ✓ was done to describe Chi-square & MANOVA (Pillai) to test the formulated Hypotheses@ 0.05 alpha level using SPSS software 25v 12 RESULTS Chi-square Analysis of Knowledge, Attitude and Utilization of Breast Cancer Screening Methods HYPOTHESES H01 Result χ2 value of 60.869 df = 64, p-value = 0.588 Decision IMPLICATION H01 is Retained No sig. knldg BCSM No Sig. +ve attitude H02 χ2 value of 101.884 at df = 88, p-value = 0.148 H02 is Retained H03 χ2 value of 36.172 at df = 20, p-value = 0.015 H03 is Rejected 5 October 2023 Sig. utilizaion. 13 RESULTS MANOVA in the of knowledge, Attitude & Utilization of breast cancer screening methods among female undergraduates in Kwara State, Nigeria HYPOTHESES H04 Result F(12, 1122) = 0.700, p = 0.752; Pillai’s = 0.015 ŋ2 = 0.007 H05 H06 H07 5 October 2023 F(6, 561) = 8.965, p = 0.000; Pillai’s = 0.087 ŋ2 = 0.087 F(12, 1122) = 1.323, p = 0.199; Pillai’s = 0.028 ŋ2 = 0.014. F(6, 561) = 3.026, p = 0.006; Pillai’s = 0.031 ŋ2 = 0.031 Decision H04 is Retained H05 is Rejected IMPLICATION No sig. diff. in knldg based on inst. Sig. diff. in knldg based on course No sig. diff. in attd H06 is Retained based on inst. H07 is Rejected Sig. diff. in attd based on course 14 RECOMMENDATIONS This study recommends that Continuous breast health education be given to female students of universities in Kwara State by health educators through enlightenment and advocacy programmes as part of school health services, and as contemporary health problem in the general studies. Health counselling be given to female students by health educators to change their negative attitudes towards breast screening methods especially BSE, CBE and USS Cost of breast cancer screening should be subsidized by the Government, NGOs and Philantropists in order to make it affordable for the students. Breast screening centers with modern screening facilities should be provided in universities in Kwara State such that will be easily accessible by the female students. 5 October 2023 16 SELECTED REFEREENCES Ojewusi, A. A., & Arulogun, O. S. (2016). Breast cancer knowledge and screening practices among female secondary schools teachers in an Urban Local Government Area, Ibadan, Nigeria. Journal of Public Health and Epidemiology, 8(5), 72-81. doi:10.5897/JPHE- Ojong, I. N., Esienumoh, E. E., Uka, V. K., & Edet, O. B. (2016). Breast cancer awareness and practice of breast self examination among women in Adiabo community in Odukpani local government area of Cross River State, Nigeria. Clinical Nursing Studies, 4(1), 50-56. Oluwatobi, J. A., Ebenezer, O. D., Paul, O. A., Ahmed, M. B., Kabir, Y. A., Israel, O. P., . . . Adekola, O. (2021). Breast Cancer Screening: Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Female Youths in Lugbe Community of Abuja Nigeria. Cancer Research Journal, 9(1), 1-7. Raji, M. O., Adamu, S. P., Akinnibosun-Raji, H. O., Raji, H. O., Ango, U. M., & Kaoje, A. U. (2021). Knowledge, attitude and uptake of mammography among female health workers in two tertiary health facilities of Sokoto state, Nigeria. International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health, 8(2), 511-517. doi:https://dx.doi.org/-/-.ijcmph- Sani, A., Naab, F., & Aziato, L. (2016). Influence of Educational Level on Knowledge and Practice of Breast Self examination Among Women in Sokoto, Nigeria. Journal of Basic and Clinical Reproductive Sciences, 5(2), 10/5/-. Thank you 10/5/2023 18