This is the project I along with my team members did.
FINGERPRINT DOORLOCK
USING NODEMCU
GUIDED BY- PROF. SWATILEKHA DAS
GROUP MEMBERS
ROLL NO
ABHISHEK CHAKRABORTY
02
ABHISHEK PAUL
03
ANKIT KUMAR
06
PRAVEEN KUMAR
35
RAJIB KUMAR GIRI
38
TABLE OF CONTENT
Abstract
Components required
Architecture
Block diagram
Working
Components and their use
Application
Advantages
Future scope
Conclusion
References
ABSTRACT
Privacy and security have become very essential part of our life. This there is a constant
urge to upgrade our security features so that we can protect our assets. Gone are the days
of passwords and pin controlled locks as they are not immune to hacks and can be fooled
easily. That’s where fingerprint controlled locks have the edge as they are unique for every
person and cannot be guessed or hacked.
In this project we will make a doorlock which can be only opened by the fingerprints of
particular people whose fingerprints are already stored in a database thus giving access to
certain people only.
COMPONENTS REQUIRED
HARDWARE COMPONENTS
FINGERPRINT SENSOR
NODEMCU
5V SINGLE CHANNEL RELAY
SOLENOID LOCK
5V AND 12V ADAPTORS
SOFTWARE
EMBEDDED C
ARDUINO IDE
WINDOWS 10 OS
ARCHITECTURE
The NodeMCU is at the centre of the system and everything is
controlled by it.
A 5V adaptor is connected to the USB plug of the NodeMCU to
power it.
The fingerprint sensor module is powered by the NodeMCU by
connecting positive and the negative pin of the module with 3V and
GNd pin of NodeMCU respectively.
The data pins of the sensor module RX and TX is connected with D5
and D6 pin respectively.
D7 pin of the NodeMCU is connected to signal pin a 5V single channel relay operating in
Normally Open (N/O) mode.
Further the positive and negative pin if the relay is connected to 3V and GND pin of the
NodeMCU respectively.
The solenoid lock is powered using a 12v adaptor which can be connected to any typical
home plug.
The positive wire of the adaptor is connected directly to the negative wire of the solenoid
lock.
The negative wire of the adaptor is dived in half ,and the first one is inserted in the N/O
pin of the relay.
One side of the other half is connected to the negative terminal of the solenoid lock and
the other is inserted in the common(COMM) pin of the relay.
Whenever a print matches the D7 pins becomes high and the relay is activated and the
solenoid lock is opens.
BLOCK DIAGRAM
WORKING
A fingerprint controlled door lock uses a biometric scanner which scans the fingerprint and
sends it to the Arduino which compares it with an already stored fingerprint and opens the
lock if both the print matches.
There are two stages in this system:
1.Enrollment- The process of uploading all the prints of the users.
2.Verification-The process of matching an entered print with the prints
obtained during enrollment to grant access.
COMPONENTS
WORKING
SENSOR WORKING
We have used a InventoR307 Fingerprint Reader in this
project, it uses an optical sensor.
Optical sensors works on the concepts of total internal
reflection and evanescent waves .
Inside an optical sensor light shines on a glass at an angle
steep enough to cause total internal reflection.
Optical sensor used LEDs as the light source and the light
is reflected back to a light sensitive microchip from the
glass.
When there is no finger in contact with the glass light
returns to a lights sensitive microchip normally. But
when a finger is pressed against the glass the ridges in the
fingerprint comes in contact with the evanescent waves
and cause frustrated total internal reflection.
No light is reflected to from the ridges of the finger to
the light sensitive microchip and thus those areas appears
dark and an image of the the fingerprint is obtained.
HOW FINGERPRINTS ARE
SCANNED AND STORED
After the image of a fingerprint is obtained it analyzed for
specific features called minutiae, where the lines in your
fingerprint terminate or split in two.
The controller measures the distances and angles between
these features a bit like drawing lines between them and
then uses an algorithm to turn this information into a
unique numeric code.
Comparing fingerprints is then simply a matter of
comparing their unique codes. If the codes match, the
prints match, and the person gains access.
NODEMCU
It is an open source IOT platform.
ESP8266 is the microcontroller used in NodeMCU,
which is a Wi-Fi chip with 32 bit microcontroller.
The Wi-Fi module used in NodeMCU is ESP-12E.
We have used a Lolin V3 NodeMCU for this project.
NODEMCU SPECIFICATIONS
Microcontroller: Tensilica 32-bit RISC CPU Xtensa LX106
Operating Voltage: 3.3V
Input Voltage: 7-12V
Digital I/O Pins (DIO): 16
Analog Input Pins (ADC): 1
UARTs: 1
SPIs: 1
I2Cs: 1
Flash Memory: 4 MB
SRAM: 64 KB
Clock Speed: 80 Mhz
ESP-12E Wi-Fi Module Pinout
Wi-Fi: IEEE 802.11 b/g/n
The code is compiled in the NodeMCU using Arduino
IDE, then uploaded to the main microcontroller of the
NodeMCU using a USB connection.
USE OF
NODEMCU
The NodeMCU is coded to firstly take the prints and
store them in a database .
After storing the prints whenever a finger is placed
against the biometric sensor it matches it with the the
previously stored prints.
If thes print matches the D7 pin of the NodeMCU
becomes high and a mail is sent to a registered mail.
RELAY
A relay is an electromagnetic switch operated by a relatively small
electric current that can turn on or off a much larger load.
A relay has two modesI.
Normally Open(N/O)
II. Normally Closed(N/C)
We have used a 5V single channel relay which can operate in both
modes although for this project only N/O mode is required.
A N/O mode relay consists of two circuits when the current flows
though the first circuit generating an electromagnetic field.
The electromagnetic field attracts a contact and activates the second
circuit.
1stCIRCUIT
2nd CIRCUIT
The relay is controlled by the NodeMCU
and acts as a switch for the solenoid lock.
The +VE,-VE and Signal(S) pin of the relay
is connected with 3V,GND and D7 pin of
the NodeMCU.
In order to activate a relay in N/O mode
we have to make the signal pin high.
The solenoid lock is connected to the relay
by connecting the –VE terminal of the lock
with common point (COMM) of the relay.
The N/O point of the relay is connected
with the negative terminal of the adapter
which is used to power the solenoid lock.
SOLENOID LOCK
A solenoid lock is basically an electromagnetic lock which consists of an
electromagnet and an armature plate.
There are two main types of electric locking devices :
i.Fail safe: Locking devices are unlocked when de-energized..
ii. Fail-secure : Locking device remains locked when power is lost.
The used in this project is of fail secure type. lock
The principle behind an electromagnetic lock is the use of electromagnetism to
lock a door when energized.
it consists of an electromagnet attracting a conductor with a force large enough
to prevent the door from being opened
BLYNK APP
This app has been used to provide the necessary interface required between our hardware
components and internet in order to send the email every time a the lock is opens.
First we need to download the app and then register into the app with an email id.
Upon registering we would receive an authentication code at the email one registered through.
Finally, one has to activate the notification via email option in the app and pass the authentication
code and the email id in our main program to complete the interface between hardware and
internet to send mail whenever the lock opens.
POWER SUPPLY
In this project power supply is mainly required for the solenoid door lock and the NodeMCU.
We have made the system such that it can draw power from any typical home plug through
adaptors.
A 5V adaptor and 12V adaptor is used to power the solenoid lock and the
NodeMCU.
APPLICATION
Fingerprint based lock can be implemented almost everywhere where we need to safeguard something
valuable or important. Some of them are listed below:
For home purpose.
In banks and lockers.
In offices where sensitive documents are stored.
Can be used in cars to start the car and open locks.
ADVANTAGES
Fingerprints are not needed to be memorized like
passwords or pins and thus are very easy to use.
Its easy to hack passwords or pin controlled locks as
they can be guessed but fingerprints are unique for
every person and thus locks based on fingerprints
cannot be hacked. Thus such locks provides more
security.
FUTURE SCOPE
Fingerprint based lock technology has
shifted from just being used as locks to guard
doors and safes to being used in smartphones
as the demand for fingerprint technology
rises it is bound to evolve. Some of the
advancements that can be made are :
It can be programmed in such a way that
instead of using a biometric sensor
people can open lock using their
smartphones.
By adding alarm system which will
notify the user in case someone tries to
break the lock forcefully.
CONCLUSION
Fingerprint is the cheapest, fastest, most convenient and most reliable way to identify someone.
Fingerprint authentication has many usability advantages over traditional systems such as
passwords. The greatest strength of Fingerprint recognition is the fact that the Fingerprint does
not change over time, at the same time its is its greatest liability. Today, fingerprint recognition
technology is used for security purposes, to restrict access or to protect computers. As fingerprint
recognition technology develops, it is expected that more affordable and more portable
fingerprint recognition devices will become available, and finger-print recognition will be
considered a safe and convenient personal identification system. Eventually, fingerprint
recognition will be used to secure the safety and reliability of a variety of businesses in the
industrial sector, including the personal devices and financial industry.
REFFERENCE
https://learn.sparkfun.com/tutorials/what-is-an-arduino/all
https://www.allaboutcircuits.com/technical-articles/understanding-arduino-uno-hardware-design/
https://www.explainthatstuff.com/fingerprintscanners.html
THANK YOU